Eyafumana Afrika yaye unyaka

Ngomhla umbuzo eyafumana Afrika yaye yintoni nyaka, akanako ukunika impendulo ecacileyo. Unxweme wasentla belizwekazi Black wayesaziwa kakuhle baseYurophu nje emva kangangoko kumaxesha amandulo. Libya kwanamaYiputa yinxalenye uBukhosi baseRoma.

Iinkalo zokufunda e-Afrika ekwi- sub-Sahara, laphehlelelwa Age Portuguese of Discovery. Noko ke, iingingqi yangaphakathi kwelizwekazi i-Afrika wahlala unexplored de kwinkulungwane XIX phakathi.

lidala

AmaFenike ezazilapha kule ngingqi weMeditera inani lemizi-amathanga, edume leyo Carthage. Yaba abantu zabathengisi olwandle. 600 BC ngamaFenike zithwalwe neenqanawa ezininzi ojikelezayo Afrika. Baya ngomkhombe kuLwandle oluBomvu eYiputa, saya ezantsi ecaleni konxweme, elirhangqiweyo kwilizwekazi, wajika ngasentla, ekugqibeleni yeyela kuLwandle lweMeditera kunye namazwe zomthonyama babuya. Ngoko ke, lo wokuqala ukuba athole Afrika, kungathathwa ngawo yamandulo.

Le hambo of uHanno

Ifudusiwe umthombo yamandulo echaza i uhambo ukuya kunxweme Senegal amaFenike malunga 500 BC. Inkokeli hambo yaba Umatiloshe ka Carthage. Yiyo le imbali eyaziwa yokuqala umhambi phakathi kwabo eyafumana Afrika. Igama Le ndoda Gannon.

ubuciko bayo weenqanawa 60 evela Carthage, balucanda Strait of Gibraltar bafudukela kunxweme yaseMorocco. Kukho amaFenike waseka amathanga eziliqela, baqhubeka. mbali Modern bayavuma ukuba Gannon wafikelela, ubuncinane ukuya Senegal. Mhlawumbi kwinqanaba hambo waba Cameroon okanye Gabon.

imikhankaso Arab

Ngu AD XIII kwinkulungwane, North Afrika yoyiswa Muslims. Emva koko ke saya. Xa basempumalanga, kunye umNayile ukuya Nubia, entshona - phesheya yeSahara ku Mauritania. ulwazi oluchanekileyo malunga nyaka wavulela Arabhu Afrika, akwenziwanga kwaba zigcinwe. Kukholelwa ukuba ukwanda kwe Islam phakathi kwabantu abamnyama belizwekazi kwenzeka IX-XIV iinkulungwane.

Uhambo Early Portuguese

BaseYurophu banomdla kweli lizwekazi abamnyama kwinkulungwane XV. Portuguese Prints Enrike (Heinrich), ebizwa Umlawuli, ngendlela walukhenketha unxweme Afrika zikhangela indlela yolwandle ku India. Ngowe-1420, i-Portuguese wasungula ukuhlala kwisiqithi Madeira, yaye ngowe-1431 wathi Azores zalo mmandla. Le ndawo zibe amanqaku reference uhambo elizayo.

Ngowe-1455 no 1456 lwabaphandi ababini Alvise Cadamosto ukusuka eVenice USUS Mare Genoa di iinqanawa zafikelela umlomo Gambia kunye kunxweme Senegal. Kwangaxeshanye, omnye umkhenkethi Italian Antonio De Noli wafumanisa iziqithi Cape Verde. Yena kamva waba irhuluneli yayo yokuqala. Zonke ezi abahambi, wawavulayo amaYurophu Afrika, ezibe inkonzo Portuguese prince Enrique. Ulungelelwano ngohambo lwabo bafumanisa Senegal, Gambia kunye Guinea.

izifundo phambili

Kodwa emva kokufa uHenry Umlawuli, i zobuntlola isiPhuthukezi kunxweme zaseAfrika ngabo bathe gqolo. Ngowe-1471 Fernan Gomes wavula ilizwe rich ngegolide Ghana kaThixo. Ngowe-1482 Diogo Kahn wafumana umlomo njengomlambo elikhulu, kwaye wafunda ubukho esikhulu esibubukumkani of Congo. Portuguese kuNxweme Afrika iinqaba ezininzi enqatyisiweyo. Babethengisa abalawuli asekuhlaleni yengqolowa yelaphu kutshintshiselwano igolide kunye namakhoboka.

Kodwa ke ukufuna ngendlela eya eIndiya ukuba uqhubeke. Ngowe-1488, iBartolomeu Dias wafikelela kwindawo yomzantsi Afrika. Uye igama i-Cape of Good Hope. Xa ebuzwa malunga ngubani yaye xa kuvulwa Afrika, basoloko engqondweni lo mcimbi.

Ekugqibeleni, Vasco da Gama, eshiya ngasemva i-Cape of Good Hope, waqhubeka kwaye ngo-1498 kufika India. Apha endleleni ke wafumanisa Mozambique and Mombasa, apho wafumana imizila yabathengisi Chinese.

ikoloni Dutch

Ukususela ngenkulungwane XVII, i-Dutch nabo baqalisa ukungena Afrika. Bona wasungula West Indian and East India Company ikoloni kumazwe aphesheya, yaye kwakufuneka amazibuko esiphakathi ukuya ku Asia. I-Portuguese bazama ukuphelisa enamabhongo yaseNetherlands. Ayesithi umntu wavula Afrika kuqala, kwaye umntu kufuneka ube ngumnikazi lizwekazi. War ingxabano phakathi kwamazwe, apho i-Dutch ikwazile ukufumana zintshula kwilizwekazi.

Ngowe-1652 Wayengmi waseDatshi owafika notshintsho waseka isixeko Kapa, nto leyo yaba sisiqalo amazwe eMzantsi Afrika.

Amabhongo kwamanye amazwe aseYurophu

Ukongeza IsiPhuthukezi kunye Dutch, nezinye lithi nazo afuna ukuba ngamalungisa ikoloni kwilizwekazi. Bonke bephela kangangoko elithile ingabizwa ngabo wafumanisa Afrika, ngenxa yokuba ummandla sub-Saharan Africa ngelo xesha unexplored ngokupheleleyo, yaye uhambo ngamnye wenza izinto ezintsha.

Sele 1530 abarhwebi aseBritani baqalisa ukurhweba kwiNtshona Afrika, eza bangquzulane amajoni isiPhuthukezi. Ngowe-1581 Frensis Dreyk bafika Cape of Good Hope. Ngowe-1663, i-British wakha Fort James e Gambia.

YeFrance uye iliso yayo kwi eMadagascar. Ngo-1642 i-French East India Company waseka zokuhlala emazantsi ekuthiwa Fort Dauphin. Eten De flacourtia lapapasha kwimbali yobomi malunga nexesha lakhe eMadagascar, nto ixesha elide wakhonza mthombo uphambili ulwazi malunga siqithi.

Ngowe-1657 abarhwebi yaseSweden waseka zokusonjululwa Cape Coast eGhana, kodwa kungekudala eziqhutywa yi the Danes, yena waliseka Fort Christiansborg kufuphi Accra-yanamhlanje.

Ngowe-1677, i-Prussia uKumkani Friedrich Wilhelm I wathumela hambo ukuya kunxweme olusentshona Afrika. Injengele hambo, uCaptain Blonk wakha yokuhlala ebizwa ngokuba Gross Fridrihburg waza wayibuyisela zashiywa Portuguese ezinqabeni Arguin. Kodwa ke ngo-1720, ikumkani yagqiba ukuthengisa isiseko ukuya eNetherlands 7000 ducats.

Studies kwinkulungwane XIX

In XVII-XVIII iinkulungwane, lonke unxweme Afrika kufundwe kakuhle. Kodwa ngaphakathi kummandla belizwekazi becala wahlala "litshatshazi". Abo baye bafumanisa Afrika, babexakekile ukhupha ingeniso kunokuba uphando lwezenzululwazi. Kodwa phakathi kwenkulungwane XIX kunye nezwe ziye ndaba nomdla baseYurophu. Ngowe-1848 kuye kwavulwa Mount Kilimanjaro, phezu kwawo ligutyungelwe likhephu. I okungaqhelekanga uhlobo Afrika, iintlobo ngaphambili engaziwayo lezilwanyana kunye nezityalo kuye kwatsala zesayensi zaseYurophu.

AbangamaKatolika zezithunywa nabo wayefuna ukuba zingene nzulu kwilizwekazi ukushumayela ubuKristu phakathi kwabo babengaqhelananga izizwe.

david Livingstone

Ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane XIX abeLungu bazi kakuhle kakhulu apho Afrika. Kodwa kancinane kuqondakale ukuba ngaphakathi. Omnye abantu bafumanisa Afrika ukusuka kwikota engalindelekanga, yaba wevangeli Scottish uDavid Livingstone. Wenza abahlobo kunye nabantu basekuhlaleni okwesihlandlo sokuqala yatyelela kwimimandla ezisemaphandleni kwilizwekazi.

Ngowe-1849 Livingstone wawela Kalahari Desert waza wadibana apho ngaphambili ayaziwa ukuba abeLungu ngabaThwa isizwe. Ngowe-1855, ngoxa ehamba ecaleni iZambezi , wayivula ubuhle lexi hlamarisaka enhle, nto leyo eye wagqiba ukunika igama British Queen Victoria. Emva eBritani, Livingstone wapapasha incwadi ngohambo lwakhe, nto leyo eyabangela umdla ibonwe yaye wahlabela mgama ukuthengisa iikopi 70,000.

Ngowe-1858, i-umphandi wabuyela Afrika. Wafunda ngokweenkcukacha Lake Nyasa kunye nakwiindawo ezikufutshane. le ncwadi yesibini yabhalwa ngasekupheleni wohambo. Emva koko Livingstone liqalise ngohambo lwakhe lwesithathu yokugqibela. Injongo yawo ukufumana umthombo zeNayile. Livingstone walukhenketha kummandla Great Lakes. Umthombo njengoMnayile, akazange akwazi ukufumana oko, kodwa alicanda intsimi abaninzi ngaphambili ayaziwa.

Livingston akazange kuphela ngumphandi obalaseleyo kodwa sezifundo olukhulu. Wamelana ubukhoboka ubandlululo.

Ngoko ke eyafumana Afrika?

Impendulo kuphela echanekileyo lo mbuzo ayikho. Kunzima kuthi ngokuqinisekileyo eyafumana Afrika yaye yintoni ngonyaka. Kwaye hayi nje kuba ukuba inxalenye esemntla yeli lizwekazi yaziwa ngokuba abantu Europe ukusuka kudaladala. Kodwa ngenxa yokuba Afrika kwakhona - kuzalwa komntu. Kuye kwanini. It Afrika wafumana abanye amazwekazi waza wabahlalisa.