Inkqubo yobukoloniyali: iziganeko kunye izibakala

imbali World inani elikhulu kweziganeko, amagama, imihla, ezithi zibekwe elinesibini okanye ezimbalwa amakhulu zezifundo ezahlukeneyo. Ababhali ezahlukeneyo baneembono ezahlukeneyo kwiimeko ezithile, kodwa ke ukwabelana izibakala ekufuneka ngandlel 'ukuba utshelwe. Kwimbali yehlabathi kukho zizinto avela kanye kuphela yaye ixesha elide, kunye nabanye, kubonakala izihlandlo eziliqela, kodwa ixesha elifutshane. Enye yezi ngezenzeko - inkqubo lobukoloniyali. Kweli nqaku siza sichaze ukuba yintoni na, apho uye wandiswa yinto elidlulileyo.

Yintoni inkqubo lobukoloniyali?

inkqubo World colonial, okanye nekoloniyalizim - imeko apho imiba kuphuhliswa mveliso, yenkcubeko, kwaye noqoqosho lweli lizwe Zindoyisile phezu lonke (amazwe aphuhlileyo kakhulu, okanye kumazwe angaphandle).

Mbuso idla ezifakwe emva kohlaselo abaxhobileyo kunye ukubenza karhulumente. Kuchazwe kutyalwe siseko yezoqoqosho kunye nezopolitiko kunye nemigaqo khona.

Xa oku?

Nokuqala kwinkqubo yobukoloniyali Wabonakala ngenkulungwane ye-15, i-Age of Discovery, kunye ukuvulwa kwe-Indiya kunye neMelika. Ke iindawo zemveli evulekileyo kwafuneka ukuba baqaphele noludumileyo uzobe olwenziwe ngocoselelo abasemzini. I amathanga yokuqala ngokwenene zasekwa yi Spain ngenkulungwane ye-17. Ngcembe bakha waza wayitwabulula nempembelelo yayo Great Britain, France, Portugal, le Netherlands. Kamva, eUnited States naseJapan kunye nabo.

Ekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye-19 ezininzi zehlabathi ke yahlulwa phakathi amandla amakhulu. Russia libandakanyeka ngokubonakalayo ikoloni, kodwa eminye imimandla eselumelwaneni nayo axhatshazwe.

Umntu belilelakhe?

Lenye ilizwe kumiselwa indlela yophuhliso koloni. Njengokuba kude njengoko inkqubo yobukoloniyali uye wanatyiselwa, le theyibhile ingezantsi uya kukuxelela ukutyeba.

Bekukho koloni amancinane, kodwa theyibhile ibonisa ukuba ezingasonjululwanga iphenjelelwa nakubani ngaphandle Antarctica, kunye Antarctica, ngenxa yokuba abazange babe umbandela ekrwada, ngeqonga kuphuhliso lwamashisini, uqoqosho, nobomi jikelele. Aphethwe amathanga ngenxa irhuluneli elimisiweyo neyamabamba ombaxa yelizwe okanye kwiintlanganiso rhoqo nabo ngamathanga.

iimpawu uphawu kwexesha

Kweli xesha zekoliniyalizim uneempawu zawo:

• Zonke izenzo ajolise ekusekweni bodwa kurhwebo kunye yeengingqi zamakoloniyali, t. E., I sixeko kweli lizwe ebefuna thanga kwasekwa ubudlelane zorhwebo kuphela nabo kwaye akukho mntu wumbi,
• ukuhlaselwa abaxhobileyo nokuphangwa zonke izizwe, kwaye ngoko ke ngaphantsi yabo,
• ukusetyenziswa khoboka kunye neentlobo feudal of ukuxhatshazwa abemi amathanga, nto leyo yenza ukuba phantse amakhoboka.

Ngenxa yalo mgaqo-nkqubo kumazwe ukuba ulime ngamathanga ngokukhawuleza kuvelile zolondolozo imali, nto leyo evumela ukuba ukuthatha indawo eziphambili ehlabathini. Ngoko ke, enkosi amathanga kunye neendlela zabo zemali England uye waba ilizwe phambili kakhulu ixesha.

waphula njani?

I yobukoloniyali inkqubo yehlabathi lwalusiwa kwangoko, ngaxeshanye. Le nkqubo kwenzeka ngokuthe ngcembe. Ithuba ephambili zokulahleka yempembelelo phezu amathanga-amazwe kwenzeka ekupheleni Second World War (1941-1945 GG.), T. To. Abantu bakholelwa koko unako ukuphila ngaphandle ingcinezelo kunye nolawulo phezu kweqela lesinye ilizwe.

Kwafa abantu baphuma phantsi kwempembelelo kwenzeka ngoxolo, esebenzisa izivumelwano kunye nokusayinwa izivumelwano, kwaye kwezinye iimeko - ngokusebenzisa yamajoni kunye nesenzo ngabavukeli. Amanye amazwe aseAfrika kunye Oceanic nangoku phantsi kwegunya eUnited States, kodwa musa va ingcinezelo njengoko kwakunjalo kwiinkulungwane 18-19.

Imiphumo kwinkqubo yobukoloniyali

Inkqubo yobukoloniyali akunakwenzeka uphuhliso ngendlela entle okanye embi-zahlukane. Uye waba zombini imiba ebezintle nezo zingentle ngokumalunga kumazwe lwenqila, nangenxa ngamathanga. Ukuwa inkqubo colonial kwakhokelela ekubeni iziphumo ezithile.

Kwiindawo zenqila, baba ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

• imenyu ngokwezikhundla zabo imveliso lelifa kwiimarike bobukoloniyali kunye nezibonelelo kunye, ke ngoko, ukunqongophala zenkuthazo,
• utyalo-mali kwi amathanga ngeendleko lizwe unina,
• i lag kukhuphiswano kunye nophuhliso kwamanye amazwe ngenxa yokwanda iinkxalabo malunga ngamathanga.

Kuba amakoloni:

• ukutshatyalaliswa nelahleko inkcubeko yemveli kunye nendlela yokuphila, ukutshatyalaliswa ngokupheleleyo amaqela athile izizwe;
• yokubhuqwa loovimba zendalo nenkcubeko;
• bancipha abantu basekuhlaleni amathanga ngeendleko bahlaselwe metropolitan, izifo, indlala njalo-njalo..;
• imbonakalo nomsebenzi wabo kunye nezazi;
• ukuvela iziseko zophuhliso ayingaphandle lizwe elizayo.