Ijma - into unanimity malunga utoliko kwezibonelelo zoMgaqo-Qur'an Sunnah

Izazinzulu, yenkolo, akunamsebenzi nokuba yintoni na unqulo, benza utoliko kwimithombo, ukuxoxa ngale okanye loo mfundiso, uchaze ukuba umntu amalungiselelo nje efunekayo iincwadi zokufunda. Ngo-Islam, ukuze uphephe ubumbaxa of utoliko iKurani kunye Sunnah, ijma kusetyenziswa. Ijma - is mujtahids unanimity kwesinye isizukulwana malunga nemithetho elifuna.

ukuba nombono

Malunga ijma yenza ingqiqo ukuthetha, xa bonke mnye ekuhlaleni, izazinzulu ziye afikelele kwisivumelwano. Ukuba ubuncinane omnye mujtahid uyabachasa, lo ijma 'njengoko enjalo angekhoyo.

Ijma - esi sivumelwano izazinzulu, bezakwalizwi athi Islam. Iimbono umntu eziqhelekileyo ekubaleni asithatyathwa. Futhi ngokubaluleka neziphumo kwengxoxo iKoran esinye kuluntu.

Ekubeni ijma - esiphelweni, kokuba kube nokuqwalaselwa njengobungqina, kodwa hayi inyaniso epheleleyo, anokufundiswa Allah nomprofeti wakhe Muhammad. Ngu ijma awusebenzi ukufikelela kwisivumelwano kwelinye icala, umyalelo walo. Quran, Sunnah, ijma '- eyona mithombo iphambili le Shariah. K wasebenzisa nezazi Kwakhona ithetha kiyas ukuyityhila into, nto leyo eza kuxoxwa ngezantsi.

injongo ijma

Eyona Incwadi Muslims - yeKoran kunye Sunna. Le mithombo eboniswe iinkcukacha ukuba ubomi othembekileyo ngayo, into kwaye akakwazi ukwenza nto Muslim, into omawuyenze kwiimeko ezithile. Noko ke, Allah bakhe uMprofeti Mohammed ukunika iingcebiso ngokubanzi (nangona uninzi izibonelelo zixeliweyo kwi Sunnah), kodwa ebomini ngokwaneleyo iinkcukacha, ngoko, ufuna inkcazelo ethe vetshe. Ukuze wenze oku, kwaye kukho ijma.

iintlobo

Yenkolo bahlule iintlobo ezimbini ijma: yokugqibela nentelekelelo. Kwimeko yokuqala libhekisela imeko apho wonke umntu uyavuma, ngaphandle kokukhetha, amaSilamsi (umthandazo imbopheleleko izihlandlo ezihlanu, ukuthintelwa ukukrexeza , njalo-njalo. D.). Ukuba umntu akuvumelani nezi iingxoxo, ke ukholo lwakhe ayikho namandla.

Uluvo ngazwi akufuneki sichasene iinkolelo i elifuna. Ijma ', echasene iKurani, oko ayinakuthenjwa, akukholisi engqinekayo irhoxisiwe okanye isaqhubekeka umahluko.

iimeko

Isigqibo jikelele malunga imigangatho ezahlukahlukeneyo kufuneka ziqinisekiswe. Ubungqina ngokusekelwe kwiingxelo ze izazinzulu abadumileyo okanye imithombo umxholo efanelekileyo.

Ngenxa ukwamkelwa ijma akuvumelekanga zonke ukungavisisani yangaphambili umba. It ukuba yokurhoxiswa ayekade wamkelwe mujtahids. Ngoko kukho umbono omtsha.

Xa sele amadoda alumkileyo isigqibo uluntu weza ukusebenza, akukho mfuneko yokuba balinde ekupheleni kwenkulungwane. Ukuzuza isivumelwano phakathi izazinzulu yenza iimfuno zomsebenzi zomthetho for Muslims ukususela imithetho wangena force. Ijma - njengento exhalabisa bonke abathembekileyo, nokuba sithini na isimo.

Phakathi abaphengululi akukho ukuvumelana malunga nokuba siqwalasele ijma cwaka. Umntu ucinga ukuba ukunqongophala wakhuza, iingxelo ezimbi - yinto uhlobo isivumelwano ke ngoko kubonwa ijma. Ezinye mujtahids bakholelwa ukungabikho ezibukwayo kuphela ubungqina ukuchaneka kwisithethi. Kanti abanye aqhoboshele nayiphi cwaka ixabiso kunye sesine bathi ijma 'unelungelo lokuba khona, ukuba kwisizukulwana izazinzulu walishiya eli phakade phambi nabani ebandleni zo kwafuneka tu.

degrees

Ekubeni ingxoxo eyodwa iza ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo, ngesidanga ijma zingaquka oku kulandelayo:

• ngamazwi: a uluvo ngomba sikubonisa intetho, wasebenzisa igama elithi "ukuba", "kuyimfuneko" okanye "vala";
• cwaka: amalungu oluntu akazange avume kwaye musa akhumbule ukuba, njengoko kuchaziwe apha ngasentla, amanye bezakwalizwi azithathwa ijma;
• yimpumelelo ngaphandle ngokuvunyiweyo emva abaphila;
• esekwe ngaphandle Iimbono ezahlukeneyo emva obungqongqo.

Yenkolo musa ukubeka imilinganiselo, leyo njengongekhoyo esikolweni Qur'an Sunnah. Mujtahids ukutolika kuphela mithombo iphambili le elifuna ngokwemigaqo iingqiqo zenkolo kunye nemithetho zomthetho. Ngo-Islam, la magama phantse twatse, njengoko kuthathwa ukuba kwisigaba ngokusemthethweni (kwakunye neminye imiba ubomi Muslims) ilawulwa Allah kunye Messenger.

Ijma and qiyas

Phantsi Kiyasov wayeyiqonda nokuqiqa yi mfanekiso. Ukuba mthombo kungekho mbonisi ngqo kwi izenzo ezithile, imithetho eziqulunqwayo ngokusekelwe amanye amalungiselelo.

Qiyas iqulathe namacandelo amane:

• umlinganiselo ukuba isifaniso;
• Ngokuqhelekileyo, kuyo Isifaniso oomatshini;
• imigangatho isikhundla ukuya yesibini zahanjiswa yokuqala;
• ubunye ngokungqinelana kunye namalungiselelo Shari'ah.

Umzekelo, i-Koran uyakwalela ukusela wayini, kodwa uthi nto malunga beer. Kodwa yotywala iqulethe utywala. Ngenxa Kiyasov isalelo kudlulela zisele foamy. Ireyithi ukuqala ithathwa ukuba abe ngaphandle wayini Isifaniso - ukusetyenziswa utywala, ngokuxhomekeke kwimiqathango - ukuthintelwa, kunye nomanyano amalungiselelo - amathuba kunxilwe.

Quran, ijma ', i-Sunnah, qiyas - sisiseko sobomi Muslim. Koran umthetho-iqumrhu, ekubeni iqulethe utsho ngqo Allah. I Sunnah ke zonke evela uMprofeti, Omlomo esilingana amazwi Allah. Kwakhona, igama elithi "Sunnah" itolikwa nje ukuthobela ezingaphelelanga kunye Shariah.