Njengoko Amakholwa babhaptizwa - iminwe emibini okanye emithathu?

Ngaphambi kokuba uqale ukuthetha malunga nendlela Amakholwa Old kubhaptizwa, kufuneka uhlale ngubani na kwaye yintoni indima yazo kuphuhliso Russian Orthodox. Bayahlelwa yezenkolo ekuthiwa Amakholwa Endala, okanye amakholwa ubudala, iye yaba yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yembali Russian kwaye uzele idrama kunye nemizekelo ngobukhulu ngokomoya.

Ukuhlaziywa wababela Orthodox Russian

Amakholwa Old, njengabanye kwebandla Russian, ekuqaleni kwembali yalo nyaka xa kweenxweme Dnieper, hleze ukukhanya ukholo lwamaKristu, ezize Rus Prince Volodymyr. Xa kumhlaba otyebileyo, Orthodox okuziinkozo wabanika intabalala yeziqhamo. Ide amahlanu XVII inkolelo ngenkulungwane kweli lizwe simanyene, kunye nayiphi na kwahlukahlukana vukhongeri kwakungelula.

Ukuqala ibandla elikhulu lombhodamo yaba yotshintsho ka uBhishophu Nikon umkhankaso it ngo-1653. It iqulathe ekuziseni kwirenki zonqulo Russian ngokuhambelana nabo zokuphelisa yamaGrike neBandla kaConstantinople.

Izizathu neNguquko ibandla

UbuKristu, njengokuba sisazi, kuye kuthi evela Byzantium, kwaye ngexesha kwiminyaka yokuqala emva kokuba Ukubhaptizwa Rus ' inkonzo eCaweni kwenzeka kanye njengoko senziwa eConstantinople, kodwa emva kweminyaka engamakhulu amathandathu, utshintsho olubalulekileyo kwenziwa kuyo.

Ngaphezu koko, ekubeni ngexesha ezininzi eli xesha, wayengekho apho incwadi-shicilelwayo, yaye iincwadi zonqulo yakhutshelwa ngesandla, ukuba ngaba ndachwechwa kuphela inani elibalulekileyo iimpazamo, kodwa ingavakali intsingiselo eziliqela mabinzana. Ukuze kulungiswe le meko, uBhishophu Nikon wathabatha elula yaye akazange kubonakale ethembisa sigqibo iingxaki.

neenjongo Good yembeleko

Wayalela ukuba athathe iisampuli ncwadi yokuqala, savela Byzantium, kwaye ngokwenza ukuba ukuphinda-translation, senze ngokufanayo indlela yoshicilelo. iitekisi Ngaphambili wayalela ukuba lirhoxe kwegazi. Ukongeza, i-uBhishophu Nikon yaziswa kwi indlela troeperstie Greek - ngokudibanisa kunye iminwe ezintathu asibekele emnqamlezweni.

Le isisombululo ingozi kunye nengqiqo eye yabangela, kunjalo, iziphumo ezifanayo uqhushumbo, kwaye yenziwe ngokungqinelana na kuyo, ukuba uhlaziyo yabefundisi yaba unobangela uqhekeko. Ngenxa yoko, inxalenye enkulu yabantu ethe zingamkelwa ezi innovations, emkile ibandla esemthethweni, eyaziwa ngokuba Nikonian (egameni uBhishophu Nikon), yaye liphuhlise intlangano yonqulo elikhulu-isikali, ogama abalandeli babebizwa schismatics kuyo.

Uhlulo, nto leyo ikhokelele ukusuka kuphuculo

Njengoko ngaphambili, ngemihla pre-guqula amakholwa ubudala babhaptizwa iminwe emibini kwaye zange ayamkele into yokuba iincwadi ezintsha ibandla, ngokunjalo nababingeleli, abo babezama ukwenza banqule. Yamelana kwabasemagunyeni yonqulo nezehlabathi, zaba ixesha elide phantsi intshutshiso eqatha bo. Oku kwaqala kwiBhunga Local ngo 1656.

Nokuba kwixesha yiSoviet, kulandele unciphiso lokugqibela ROC ukuma nxamnye Amakholwa Endala, leyo kungqinwe namaxwebhu asemthethweni afanelekileyo. Nakuba kunjalo, oku kwakhokelela kut- i-B, oko kukuthi umthendeleko ngomthandazo phakathi Iicawa Orthodox Local kunye Amakholwa Old. Owokugqibela kule mini Bazibona kuphela abathwali ukholo lokwenyaniso.

ukuba Amakholwa wabhaptizwa Mingaphi iminwe?

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba ukungavisisani eziphefumlelweyo nebandla esemthethweni abangazange baye kwanabo, nempixano usoloko kwenzeka ngeenxa kuphela icala idini yonqulo. Ngokomzekelo, into efana Amakholwa umnqamlezo, esikhundleni yokuyifaka amabini amathathu iminwe, usoloko uba nesizathu kugwetywa kubo, kanti akukho izikhalazo malunga nokutolikwa iSibhalo oyiNgcwele, okanye izibonelelo ezingundoqo Ukholo Orthodox wayengekho.

Ke kaloku, umyalelo Ukongeza neminwe ngenxa uphawu lomnqamlezo kunye Amakholwa Old, kunye nabaxhasi yebandla esemthethweni liqulethe iimpawu ezithile. Amakholwa Old babhaptizwa ngeminwe ezimbini - isalathisi ophakathi, engumqondiso impilo ezimbini uYesu Kristu - kaThixo kunye kwabantu. Eziseleyo yiminwe emithathu ngexesha elifanayo sihlale icinezelwe entendeni yesandla sakho. Bona umfanekiso ungowokubongwa kaBathathu Emnye.

A mfanekiso ocacile indlela Amakholwa Old kubhaptizwa, ayanceda umzobo Yaduma Vasiliya Ivanovicha Surikova "Boyar tvoix". It uvozimaya ekuthinjweni lihlazo kwempefumlelo intshukumo Moscow Old Likholwa uplifts ezulwini kuhlangene iminwe emibini - uphawu yoqhekeko inkcaso nakwiinguqulelo of uMphathi Nikon.

Njengoko ngabaphikisi zabo, abaxhasi ROC, ngoko kwenziwa ngokwale nohlaziyo Nikon, yaye isetyenziselwa nanamhla Ukongeza yomnwe kwakhona linentsingiselo yokomfuziselo. Nikoniantsy wabhaptiza yiminwe emithathu - ubhontsi, isalathiso, aliqhawule eliphakathi elisongiweyo (schismatics kuzo kuba udela ngokuba "schepotnikami"). Ezi yiminwe emithathu kwakhona ukumela Emnye oyiNgcwele, kunye nohlobo ezimbini kaYesu Kristu eziboniswe kule meko licinezelwe yesundu ebengumsesane ngomnwe kunye Ucikicane.

Lo umqondiso eziqulathwe kule uphawu lomnqamlezo

schismatics intsingiselo Special isoloko incamathele nendlela zilandelayo na umqondiso womnqamlezo. ulwalathiso esandleni intshukumo kuzo iyafana naleyo Orthodox zonke, kodwa ingcaciso abe yinqobo kuye. Amakholwa Old Cross iminwe yakho, ebafaka kuqala emabunzini yakhe. Ngale ndlela ebonisa igunya kaThixo, yona ekuqaleni kaBathathu Emnye Divine.

Ngaphezu koko, wabeka iminwe yakhe esiswini sakhe, ngaloo ndlela zibonisa ukuba esibelekweni ungowokubongwa Virgin ukuzalwa ogqibeleleyo kaYesu Kristu, uNyana kaThixo. Ke waphakamisa isandla sakhe egxalabeni ekunene, zibonisa ukuba ubukumkani bukaThixo, wahlala phantsi ngasekunene - oko kukuthi, ilungelo uYise. Ekugqibeleni, intshukumo isandla egxalabeni lasekhohlo ukhumbula ukuba aboni kwi uMgwebo Wokugqibela, hamba uye esihogweni, kuya kufuneka zimiselwe ukuze baphile oshuyuyu (ekhohlo) ukusuka uMgwebi.

Kutheni Amakholwa wabhaptiza iminwe emibini?

Impendulo yalo mbuzo ukuze yamandulo, kusekelwe ngexesha labapostile, uze emva koko wamkelwe isithethe zamaGrike iminwe emibini uphawu lomnqamlezo. Weza ku Russia kunye kokubhaptizwa kwakhe. Abaphandi babe nobungqina bokuba ngexesha XI-XII iinkulungwane. uhlobo oluthile uphawu lomnqamlezo kumazwe Slavic wayengekho elula, baza babhaptizwa yonke njengokuba kusenziwa namhlanje, i Amakholwa Endala.

Umzekeliso oku kusebenza njenge icon ezaziwayo-kakuhle "uKristu Pantocrator" ebhalwe Andrei Rublev ngo-1408 ukuze iconostasis le kwingcinga Cathedral Vladimir. Lo mzobo Iisus Hristos ehleli etroneni kwaye vozdevshim ngesandla sokunene iminwe ezimbini yintsikelelo. Akumangalisi ke, mbini, ingekuko ezintathu iminwe Eyisongile ke uMdali ihlabathi kwesi senzo engcwele.

Isizathu sokuba intshutshiso amakholwa Old

mbali abaninzi badla ukukholelwa ukuba esona sizathu sokuba intshutshiso waye iimpawu isiko nokokuba Amakholwa Old. Babhaptizwa iminwe emibini okanye emithathu abalandeli bale intshukumo - simiso, hayi kubaluleke kangaka. fault zazo eziphambili kukuba aba bantu nobuganga obala nxamnye nokuthanda yobukumkani, ngaleyo ndlela umzekelo yingozi elizayo.

Kule meko sithetha ngayo impixano ngamandla eUnited, ekubeni imithetho ngelo xesha Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich inkxaso iinguqulelo Nikon, yaye azikhabe abantu ukuba mazithathwe imvukelo kunye anyeliswe ukwenzakaliswa kuye siqu. Kodwa iinkokeli Russian zange wabaxolela.

Amakholwa Old namhlanje

Ekuqukumbeleni incoko malunga nendlela Amakholwa Old babhaptizwa yaye waya kulo nyathelo liya kuba aphume indawo ukukhankanya ukuba namhlanje, uluntu zazo zifumaneka phantse onke amazwe kuphuhliswa aseYurophu, kuMntla nakuMzantsi Melika ngokunjalo Australia. Kwi-Russian Old Likholwa Church uye imibutho eliqela, ukuba likhulu leyo owasekwa ngo-1848 Belokrinitskaya lwemigangatho ukumelwa iindlela kwezilwandle. Nezikhundla zayo okubangwa kunye ngaphezu kwesigidi abanquli kwaye amaziko bayo abasisigxina eMoscow kunye nesixeko ngesiRomania ka Braila.

Lo mbutho yesibini ngobukhulu Yamakholwa Old ingqalelo Pomorian Old-Orthodox Church, olubandakanya malunga namakhulu amabini kuluntu lwaseburhulumenteni kunye nenani non-ebhalisiweyo. lokudidiyela kunye zengcebiso umzimba wayo engundoqo ise ukususela ngo-2002 e Moscow, Russian Council of WSP.