Iityuwa kabini: imizekelo amagama

Iityuwa zahlulwe phakathi, asidi, esisiseko, kabini kunye exutyiweyo. Bonke bephela ezisetyenziswa kakhulu kubomi bemihla ngemihla, kodwa nkqu nangaphezulu - kolu shishino. Ukuqonda zokuhlela iityuwa yenza kube lula ukuqonda iziseko chemistry.

Indlela lokuhlela ityuwa

Makhe siqale inkcazo neetyuwa. Bona anemichiza apho amasalela iasidi nawayenomnqweno atom yesinyithi. Ngokungafaniyo nezinye iiklasi kwezinto, iityuwa for boqobo ionic gqithisela.

Amalungu ale iklasi bohlulwa babe ngamaqela eziliqela ezineempawu ezithile.

ityuwa oluqhelekileyo

iityuwa avareji kumafa yayo ukuse- metal kuphela ezithile nento asidi. Ngokomzekelo, loo iikhompawundi Kungaba liphathwe sodium chloride, potassium sulfate. Eli qela ithathwa ukuba ixhaphakileyo kolu qweqwe lomhlaba. Phakathi iindlela ngenkqubo yabo neutralization lokulungisa note wenziwe phakathi acid kunye nesiseko.

acid iityuwa

Eli qela iikhompawundi yenziwa otyhidiweyo, hydrogen kunye abaseleyo asidi. Ukusukela iikhompawundi ezifana polybasic acid: phosphoric, sulphuric, గుర్తులు ibhaloni. Ngokomzekelo, i ityuwa asidi ukuba kakhulu kubomi bemihla ngemihla, ukuze kuchazwe ibhiKharbonati yesoda (bicarb). izinto ezinjalo ezifunyenwe yi awasabela phakathi acid kunye netyuwa medium.

iityuwa esisiseko

kubeke etyhidiweyo zikhoyo kwezi zinto, iqela hydroxyl kunye anions ye moiety acid. Imizekelo ityuwa esisiseko calcium hydroxychloride.

iityuwa ingxubevange

iityuwa kabini ukuthini ubukho zesinyithi ezimbini nethatha hydrogen acid. Ukwenziwa kwezinto zesakhiwo iimpawu efanayo asidi polybasic. Umzekelo, sodium potassium carbonate abakhoyo metal nje ezimbini esebenzayo. iityuwa Dual mixed anexabiso kushishino kwemichiza le, ezisetyenziswa kakhulu kubomi bemihla ngemihla.

ityuwa Iimpawu ixubene

iityuwa kabini potassium kesodiyam iqulethwe kwindalo njengento sylvinite. Kwakhona ekwaziyo wokusungula elingumxube potassium-aluminium ityuwa.

Mixed (kabini) iityuwa ezi zihlanganisi enamakhulu anions okanye ukuse- ezahlukeneyo. Ngokomzekelo, iblitshi kumafa waso anion hypochlorous kunye zehydrochloric acid.

Of umdla ezithile ezimbini ammonium ityuwa. Uninzi into efunyenwe esetyenziswa njengesichumisi.

Ukulungiswa neetyuwa kabini ze ammonium lwenziwa ngokuhlanganisa ammonia kunye asidi polybasic. Diammonium babefuna ekwenziweni retardants ilangatye (retardants ilangatye). iityuwa Double ukungaqukathi ubumdaka ezifunekayo imithi kunye nokutya mveliso.

ammoniytsinkovye ukubaluleka Industrial, phosphate wemagniziyam. Ngenxa ukunyibilika ayinamsebenzi emanzini, iityuwa ezinjalo zisebenza retardants umsebenzi ipeyinti kunye iiplastiki.

Ezi iityuwa kabini ezifanele ukuba ukumitha of amalaphu kunye neenkuni imiphezulu ngokukhuselwa ibingenakunyakama. Iron aluminium Ammonium phosphate - unendlela ebalaseleyo lokukhusela izakhiwo metal kwiinkqubo zendalo umhlwa.

Imizekelo ityuwa kabini ukuba intsingiselo lobugcisa kunokukhokelela zentsimbi kunye zinc. Basimisela ikwadala yokukhula igwele ezifunwayo ekwenziweni yematshisi, iimveliso nobushushu, linguMika.

indawo yolwamkelo

neetyuwa Dual lungiselela Ukwanda thermal of phosphoric acid kunye ammonia kwealkali ethile. Industrial dimmoniyfosfat umdla. Kokuba lukhutshwe unyango thermal lwe-ammonia phosphoric acid. Kuba indlela ngempumelelo inkqubo kufuna ukuba iqondo lobushushu emhlabeni 70 degrees Celsius. Le ndlela iquka ukuyilwa kwento kwezulu ye-aluminiyam phosphate kunye nesinyithi, nto leyo nayo isicelo mboni.

kuphakama ubunzima kunye amagama iityuwa kabini ngenxa yokuba ziqulathe amasalela acid kangaka okanye ukuse- ezimbini.

imfuno Magniyammoniyfosfat kushishino kwemichiza, kwaye ngoko ke indlela yayo yendalo uneempawu ezithile. Lwaze kuyo ammonia lokutsala igesi phosphoric acid, apho zixutywe phosphate wemagniziyam.

iikhompawundi complex

Phakathi neetyuwa ezintsonkothileyo kabini, kukho umahluko ethile. Makhe zama ukufumana phandle i iimpawu neetyuwa ezintsonkothileyo. ukwakhiwa kwawo kubonisa ubukho kwaku- ezinzima, nto leyo bracketed. Ukongezelela iikhompawundi ezifana complexing langoku (central ion). Yena ingqongwe amasuntswana, ezo zibizwa ngokuba ligands. Kuba iityuwa complex luphawulwa dissociation stepwise. Kwi kwinqanaba lokuqala ukuyilwa ion ezintsonkothileyo njenge zesiqinisekiso okanye anion. Ngaphezu koko, kukho dissociation kwenxenye ion ezimbaxa kwi zesiqinisekiso kunye ligands.

Iimpawu iityuwa nokuhlelwa

Njengoko kukho iintlobo ezininzi ezahlukeneyo iityuwa, nokuhlelwa kwabo umdla. Kuba iityuwa medium igama wenziwa isekelwe phezu anion (chloride, sulfate, nitrate), apho idityaniswe isihloko metal Russian. Umzekelo, CaCO3 - calcium carbonate.

Le Ukongeza iityuwa acid ebonakala zidlala osuka. Umzekelo, KNSO3- potassium hydrogencarbonate.

iityuwa ezisisiseko nokuhlelwa kubandakanya ukusebenzisa zidlala hydroxo. Ngoko ke, ukuba ityiwa Al (OH) 2Cl ubizwa ngokuba aluminium digidroksohlorid.

Xa isihloko ityuwa kabini equlathe ukuse- ezimbini, kuqala ukunika anion isihloko, ngoko uluhlu zombini iintsimbi ifakiwe ezimbaxa.

izihloko Okuninzi entsonkothileyo ezi uphawu iikhompawundi ezintsonkothileyo. Xa chemistry kukho icandelo elikhethekileyo ojongene isifundo neetyuwa ezinjalo.

Xa sihlalutya iimpawu ezibonakalayo lwabameli ezahlukeneyo ityuwa kabini, oko kuqatshelwe ukuba kwahluka kakhulu bayakwazi ukuya ukunyibilika emanzini. Phakathi iityuwa kabini yimizekelo kwezinto ukuba ukunyibilika elungileyo, umzekelo, sodium chloride, potassium. Phakathi ngokonga iikhompawundi ezinyibilikayo ziquka iityuwa kabini asidi phosphoric kunye silicic.

Ngeempawu zemichiza iityuwa kabini ziyafana yesiqhelo (umyinge) ekwaziyo zakudibana asidi, nezinye iityuwa.

Nitrate Ammonium iityuwa ukuba ibolile thermally, ukwakha iimveliso basabela eziliqela.

Kwimeko dissociation electrolytic of iikhompawundi ezifana zingafumaneka anions amasalela kunye ukuse- netyhidiweyo. Hi xikombiso, le nokubola le ion kwi -aluminiyam potassium sulfate, xa isisombululo kungabonwa ukuse- aluminiyam kwaye potassium kunye sulfate - ion.

Ukwahlulwa umxube wezinto neetyuwa

Njengoko ukuba izimbiwa zendalo nensimbi nje ezimbini, kukho imfuneko phakathi kwabo. Phakathi iindlela ezininzi ukwahlula umxube neetyuwa zinakho bodwa crystallization iqhezu. Le ndlela iquka ukunyibilika lokuqala ityuwa kabini, ukwahlulwa kwayo okwalandela ibe iikhompawundi ezahlukeneyo, ngoko crystallization. Ezo lobeko ukwahlulwa imixube ezinxulumene ubunjalo bomzimba izinto. Xa eyahlula umxube iindlela imichiza, wezenzi mazikhethwe ukuba kwizinga eliphezulu iyatshi- ezithile okanye anions. Emva imvula kwezinye iindawo kabini kwezulu ityuwa isusiwe.

Ukuba kuyimfuneko, ukwahlulwa kwenkqubo izithathu apho kukho kwisigaba eqinileyo, kwaye emulsion langoku ikhutshwa phandle centrifugation.

isiphelo

iityuwa Double ziyahluka kwezinye iintlobo iityuwa ubukho kwifomula kwezi iintsimbi ezimbini. Ngendlela ecocekileyo, loo khompawundi akuvamanga zisetyenziswa ikakhulu yokuqala yazo ezahlulwe sisithuba iindlela ngokwasemzimbeni okanye amachiza, kwaye ke isetyenziswe kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zemveliso mveliso. Le iityuwa kabini esetyenziswa kwishishini yemichiza ye njengomthombo ezininzi kuThixo kweekhemikhali bafuna.