Ammonium ityuwa - iindlela yokulungiselela, sebenzisa kuqoqosho lwesizwe

Imichiza of NH4 + esizibonakalisa njenge zibangele icala kwealkali zesiqinisekiso metal positive. Xa kunxityelelwana anions kwezinto emuncu bayazibhijabhija isakhiwo crystalline c - Salt Iamoniyam nayitreyithi NH4N03, NH4C1 chloride, sulfate (NH4) 2S04, enamakhulu le anion acid kunye neqela Ammonium le.

neetyuwa efunyenwe ngexesha indlela neutralization, olwenzeka ngexesha indlela ammonia ne acid.

neetyuwa, ezifana, isimiso, uninzi metal kwealkali ukuze kwahlula (ezahlulwe ukuse- kunye anions) e isisombululo zolwelo kwi ion: neetyuwa, iityuwa intsimbi kwealkali kwahlula zibe ion:

NH4N03 ↔ NH4 ++ NO3-

Ngexesha ubushushu, neetyuwa owomileyo na ibolile zibe ammonia ne asidi; Le nkqubo ibizwa ngokuba dissociation thermal.

I-acid kwakhiwa (umz, zehydrochloric acid) kunye ne NH3 osha naphezu lungapholi ubophelela ne-amoniya kunye ityuwa ifunyenwe. Kufuneka ke ukuba kunokwenzeka kwaye inkqubo yokusebenza kwayo kuthiwa ibole ingathityazwa:

NH3 + HCl ↔ NH4Cl

Ngenxa yoko, ammonium chloride sublimes xa itshiswe, kodwa emva kwexesha elithile ngaphezulu ityhubhu ivela kwakhona emhlophe enamathela ze ammonium chloride. Ngenxa yoko, ukuyilwa neetyuwa non-eguquguqukayo acid, umz, (NH4) 2S04, volatilizes ngexesha ubilisa NH3 kuphela, kunye asidi ihleli. Le nkqubo ibizwa ngokuba yokubola vuhlayiseki.

Zonke neetyuwa sele ibolile yi alkalis (kunye ukufudumeza) ukumkhulula ammonia:

NH4 + + KOWU -↔NH3 ↑ + H20

Le yokusabela isetyenziselwa efumanise izichumisi ifomu Ammonium-nitrogen.

Xa indlela ammonium carbonate kunye izimbiwa kunye asidi eziphilayo yakhululwa carbon dioxide. Xa indlela ammonium sulfate okanye chloride kunye AgNO3 okanye BaCl wambumba ngokwemvula umbala omhlophe isici.

neetyuwa: Imizekelo

neetyuwa esisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwezolimo. Oku cwangciso izityalo ukondla ezimbiwa (umz, Ammonium sulfate - (NH4) 2S04). Njengokuba kubhaliwe yaziwa izityalo nitrogen ukubamba kuphela ifomu yento edityanisiweyo (NO3, NH4). Ngoko ke, lo initrogen ziyasebenza kakhulu. Okubaluleke kakhulu kukuba esi nitrate Ammonium leyo iquka ammonium nitrate NH4 NO3- initrogen.

Kwaye ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, eyaziwa phantsi amagama isiNxulumanisi NH4H2P04 kunye diammonium phosphate (NH4) 2NR04 ziqulathe imichiza ezimbini kwesityalo - Nitrogen kunye phosphorus. neetyuwa zibandakanyiwe nezichumiso mixed.

Xa ammonia idityaniswe le carbon oxide (IV) ukuba kuhlelwe urea okanye urea NH2-CO-NH2.

Ammonium chloride (NH4C1) okanye ammonium chloride zisetyenziswa iiseli electrochemical, xa bokudaya kunye sittsepechatanii, tinning kunye ngelotha. Ziqhagamshelane metal eshushu, ammonia into ibolile hydrogen chloride kunye ammonia. Zehydrochloric acid lisabela kunye oxide, eyonakalisayo umphezulu metal, apho ityuwa aziphethe usenziwa.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba kumphezulu icocwe nca solder. NH4NO3 (ammonium nitrate) kunye ne-carbon aluminium iityuwa ziyinxalenye onokudubula - ammonal. Ezi zinto zisetyenziswa kuphuhliso zeengxondorha. Ammonium hydrogencarbonate (NH4NSO3) adla ngokusetyenziswa kwishishini ukutya kunye confectionery le. Le compound isetyenziswe ukubola kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo feed. NH4HCO3 denitrofitsiruyuschimi uye kwiipropati kunceda ukukhawulezisa lokuvuthwa.

indlela umgangatho ammonium ngetyuwa. Xa itshiswe, le neetyuwa kuyilwa kunye nesisombululo kwealkali ze ammonium hayidroksayidi, nto leyo lwanamathela kunye ukukhululwa ammonia.

Ubukho ammonia lingaba nokulinganiswa yi ivumba ethile zalathisi nephepha umbala. Ngenxa ukwenza oku abasabela ngayo kuyimfuneko ukuba kumxube wetyuwa 1.0 cm3 Ammonium wongezelela 0.5 cm3 isisombululo sodium hayidroksayidi kunye nobushushu. Ngexesha lenkqubo ubushushu, ammonia kwiwebhsayithi, ivumba uphawu ibunjiwe, obomvu litmus oluhlaza.