Globular kunye fibrillar iiproteins: iimpawu ezingundoqo

Iiklasi ezine ibaluleke oganikhi khompawundi ezo yinxalenye yomzimba: nucleic, amafutha, iikhabhohayidrethi kunye neeproteni. Ngomhla yokugqibela eza kuxutyushwa kweli nqaku.

Yintoni protein?

Le Polymer iikhemikali yakhiwe ukusuka acid. Iiproteni babe isakhiwo ezintsonkothileyo.

Njengoko protein kuhlelwe?

Oku kwenzeka kwiiseli eziphilayo. Kukho organelles ezizodwa banoxanduva kule nkqubo. Le ribosome. Ziqulethe iinxalenye ezimbini: ezincinane nezinkulu, zidibene ngexesha organelle. Inkqubo synthesizing amatyathanga polypeptide ye asidi acid ekuthiwa translation.

Yintoni acid?

Nangona iintlobo kwiiproteni emzimbeni ezininzi, acid, ukuze kwakheke kuzo, kukho amabini kuphela. Loo neyantlukwano iiprotheni siyifumana imidibaniso ezahlukeneyo kunye ulandelelwano asidi acid, kwakunye chaining zokuhlala ezahlukeneyo emajukujukwini.

acid ziqulathe kumafa lwabo lwemichiza iimpawu ezimbini ezichaseneyo amaqela nabasebenzayo: group carboxyl kunye acid, kwaye ngokugqibeleleyo: enuka kamnandi, aliphatic okanye heterocyclic. Ngaphezu koko, amaqela ezongezelelweyo nakwimisebenzi kudityaniswa radicals. Ezi ngamaqela carboxylic acid, amaqela acid, amide, hydroxyl, iqela guanidovye. Kwakhona, olukhulu anokuqulatha sulphur kumafa zabo.

Nalu uluhlu lwe asidi nga kwakhiwa ukusuka apho iiproteni:

• alanine;
• glycine;
• leucine;
• valine;
• isoleucine;
• threonine;
• serine;
• glutamic acid ;
• acid aspartic ;
• glutamine;
• asparagine;
• arginine;
• lysine;
• methionine;
• cysteine;
• tyrosine;
• phenylalanine;
• histidine;
• tryptophan;
• proline.

Kwezi, zilishumi zibalulekile - ezo ezingenako kuhlanganiswa emzimbeni womntu. Le valine, leucine, isoleucine, threonine, methionine, phenylalanine, tryptophan, histidine, arginine. Kufuneka tapeworm kunye nokutya. Uninzi lwezi acid efumaneka intlanzi, inyama yenkomo, inyama, iinuts, imidumba.

Isakhiwo ephambili kwiproteni - ntoni na?

Le ukulandelelana asidi acid kwi kwikhonkco. Ukwazi isakhiwo ophambili kwiproteni, oko kwenza i ngqo imichiza ifomula.

isakhiwo secondary

Le yindlela linegunya kwikhonkco polypeptide. Kukho iindlela ezimbini uqwalaselo protini alpha-kweleli beta-isakhiwo. Isakhiwo yesibini kwiproteni ilungiselelwa iibhondi hydrogen phakathi NGEZEKHARITYHULAM kunye NH- amaqela.

Isakhiwo neliphezulu protini

Le nkqubo yokuqhelaniswa lwendawo uwele okanye indlela ngokubekwa kumlinganiselo othile. Inika disulfide kunye peptide iibhondi imichiza.

Ngokuxhomekeka kuhlobo izakhiwo zemfundo zikhona iiproteni ezinezikhondo kunye globular. Le yokugqibela kufuneka imilo ukulenza. iiproteni fibrillar Ulwakhiwo kufana ngomsonto oluthi luqokelelane yi amaqela ingqokelela beta multilayer okanye ilungiselelo engumzekelo eziliqela udibaniso lwe-izakhiwo.

Isakhiwo koqeqesho

Kuyinto uphawu ngenxa iiproteni leyo iqanjwa akukho namnye, kodwa imixokelelwane polypeptide eziliqela. iiproteni kuthiwa oligomeric. amatyathanga ngabanye kubandakanywa ukwakheka, ekuthiwa protomers zabo. Protomers, nto leyo yakhiwe ukusuka protini oligomeric kunokuba zombini eziziiprayimari efanayo okanye ezahlukeneyo isakhiwo ephakamileyo, lesibini okanye.

Yintoni nokuguqulwa?

Le ukutshatyalaliswa koqeqesho, ephakamileyo, izakhiwo iiproteins zasesekondari, apho ithe chemical sayo kunye neempawu zomzimba kwaye akukho kuphinda ukufeza indima yayo emzimbeni. Le nkqubo kunokwenzeka ngenxa amaqondo obushushu protein eninzi (ukusuka degrees 38 Celsius; kodwa okuneproteni ngamnye, eli nani) okanye izinto ndlongondlongo ezifana asidi kunye alkalis.

Ezinye iiproteni ayakwazi annealing - kut- lwesakhiwo yayo yoqobo.

ngezigaba iiprotheni

Ngenxa ukwakhiwa imichiza, ukuba yahlulwe alula nanzima.

iiproteni ezilula (iiproteni) - zezo iqulathe kuphela acid.

iiproteni Complex (proteid) - abo benziwa liqela angoozenzele.

Ngokuxhomekeka kuhlobo iqela prosthetic kweziyi lungohlulwa lube:

• lipoprotein (equlethe lipids);
• nucleoproteins (yabhalwa kufuneka nucleic);
• chromoproteids (ziqulathe zombala);
• fosfoproteidy (iqanjwa phosphoric acid);
• metalloproteins (ziqulathe iintsimbi);
• glycoproteins (ezibandakanya wekhabohayidreyiti esidla).

Ngaphezu koko, ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwesakhiwo globular ephakamileyo ikhona neprotheyini fibrillary. Zombini kungaba lula okanye ezintsonkothileyo.

Iimpawu iiprothini ezinezikhondo kunye nendima yabo emzimbeni

Baya lungahlulwa-hlulwa zibe ngamaqela amathathu kuxhomekeka kubume eziziisekondari:

• Alpha-isakhiwo. Ezi ziquka zenziwe ngekeratini, myosin, tropomyosin kunye nabanye.
• isakhiwo Beta. Ngokomzekelo, fibroin.
• Collagen. Le protein, nto leyo eye isakhiwo ekhethekileyo olunganeno, akukho Alpha-kweleli okanye beta-isakhiwo.

Properties iiproteni fibrillar kuwo onke amaqela amathathu amanga neqiniso ukuba isakhiwo filamentary ephakamileyo, yaye enyibilikayo emanzini.

Makhe sithethe iiproteni fibrillar ephambili ngakumbi ukuze:

• Keratins. Eli qela lonke kweziyi ezahlukeneyo, ezo ingxenye ezingundoqo iinwele, iinzipho, iintsiba, uboya, uphondo, iimpuphu ezinjengezo. D. Ngapha koko, lo cytokeratin fibrillar protein eli qela yinxenye yale iiseli uyila cytoskeleton.
• Myosin. Le into, nto leyo eyinxalenye imicu kwezihlunu. Kunye actin, neprothini fibrillar i contractile nokuqinisekisa ukusebenza izihlunu.
• Tropomyosin. Le nto ibandakanya helices ezimbini alpha munye. Kwakhona yinxalenye esihlunwini.
• Fibroin. Le iproteni iyekelela zizinambuzane ezininzi izilwanyana ezinamaqokobhe. Yeyona icandelo ephambili web neyesilika.
• Collagen. Le fibrillar protein iqhelekileyo emzimbeni womntu. Yinxenye imicu, intlala, izihlunu, imithambo yegazi, ulusu, njalo njalo. D. Le nto inika kwizihlunu luthambe. collagen emzimbeni unciphisa kunye ubudala, yaye ngoko ke imibimbi kwenzeka kakhulu eluswini, nemisipha incipha imisipha, kunye t. d.

Okulandelayo cinga iqela lesibini iiprothini.

iiproteni Globular: esiXhoseni, iimpawu kunye nendima eziphilayo

Substances eli qela abe imilo ukulenza. Iiplastiki enyibilikayo emanzini, izisombululo kwealkali,-asidi kunye neetyuwa.

Iiproteni globular ixhaphakileyo mzimba:

• Albumins: ovalbumin, lactalbumin, njl ..
• Globulin: iiproteni igazi Ke kaloku baberhola nabanye (umz, ihemoglobin, myoglobin.).

Funda okungakumbi ezinye zazo:

• Ovalbumin. Le iproteni iquka 60 ekhulwini egg elimhlophe.
• Lactalbumin. Eyona candelo ubisi.
• Mpilo. Le protein entsonkothileyo globular, eziquka njengoko iqela heme zokufakelwa ekhoyo - liqela ebala ayoni. Athwala uqulathwe iiseli ezibomvu egazini. Le protein, ezinako iyabophelela mpilo kunye nokuyihambisa.
• Myoglobin. Kuyinto iproteni efanayo mpilo. Iqhuba umsebenzi ofanayo - ukuthwala umoya. Loo protein equlethwe esihlunwini (ezesifuba striated).

Ngoku uyazi umahluko esisiseko phakathi ezilula kunye nezintsonkothileyo, fibrillar kunye neeproteni globular.