Ikhwezi eliqaqambileyo esibhakabhakeni. Sirius Star - Alpha Canis

astronomi Modern KuloMgabuli intetho yentshukumo kwimimandla ethile, ebiza namakroza alo. Icandelo ngalinye iqulathe amashumi ngamanye amaxesha amakhulu iinkwenkwezi. Ngemihla yakudala ukuba lula ngokuyinika umlaza ngamnye manani ezahlukeneyo. imigca Wye, imizobo zamandulo ezifunyenweyo, akuphuhlanga kakuhle sifunda izidalwa zasemhlabeni. Ngoko ke odontodactylus leKima, Crane, Dorado kunye nabanye. Kweli nqanaba kumntla ikhweyitha 47 imilindo, kwaye i-South - 41. Kukholelwa ukuba le nkwenkwezi aqaqambe esibhakabhakeni elingasemntla lekroza Canis Major (Canis uMajor isiLatin).

Greater Dog

Ngokuhlanganisa yonke imigca kwi lekroza yazo iinkwenkwezi, sifumana isafobe, into efana inja. Xa zizonke, iye iinkwenkwezi 148. Siza kubona 80 kuphela kubo, kwaye uninzi abadumileyo kwezi yi Sirius. Le nkwenkwezi eqaqambileyo ikhala amadangatye oluhlaza esibhakabhakeni, ngoko ke kunzima ukuba uqaphele. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba kucingwa ukuba inkokeli Sirius indilekile, hayi nje kuphela kweli leKima, kodwa kwi enkulu isibhakabhaka ebusuku lonke phezu komhlaba. kangangamawaka eminyaka, ngoko abantu ukunikela ingqalelo ekhethekileyo kulo.

Oku kunokubonwa nezi ndawo Southern i zifaka kulo mhlaba. Oku kungenxa yokuba ukuba sisondele kakhulu kwisixokelelwano sethu. Kuphela kufutshane Sirius Alpha Centauri, Ngcuka 359, inkwenkwezi kunye nenomlanga ebomvu Bernard Lalande.

Phakathi ilanga kunye Sirius umgama 8,64 iminyaka elula. Xa kuthelekiswa indawo yezinye iinkwenkwezi kumnyele wethu iMilky Way, lo mgama uya kuthathwa ziyakungahoywa. Ukuba ngaba uthathe ingqalelo planethi inkulu kwisixokelelwano sethu, le nkwenkwezi eliqaqambileyo oyena ebonakala esibhakabhakeni.

Sirius

De malunga nenkulungwane yama-yeshumi elinesithoba kwakukholelwa ukuba yedwa kwezulu lonke elo Sirius, ngelixa ngo-1844 akabagibanga phambili ingcamango yokuba ecaleni kwaso liqumrhu elikhulu, ayibonakali ngeliso yabantu. Le nyaniso wacebisa ukuba ngeenkwenkwezi Fridrih Vilgelm ubude bomtya eJamani. Le hypothesis Wakha kumgaqo sesindululo sezijikelezi nesikhokelo ngokunduluka kwakhe.

Ngokwembono yakhe, yinto ingabonakali, kunye Sirius lijikeleza kwi uhlobo enye, nendlela ethe yabalwa ukuba ujikeleza kwiminyaka engamashumi amahlanu ezelwe. Kodwa imfundiso yakhe sithe sakhatywa ngamanye ngeenkwenkwezi nohlonipheke ngokusekelwe yokunqongophala kobungqina enokwehla. Ukuze icala labo, Friedrich ayikwazanga de kokufa kwakhe, yaye emva elishumi kweminyaka eMelika telescope Maker Alvan Grehem Klark wabona enye umzimba yasezulwini ecaleni iinkwenkwezi ezikhanya esibhakabhakeni. Ngenxa oku Sirius waqalisa ukubukela, yaye kungekudala ithiyori ngeenkwenkwezi waseJamani ukuqinisekisile.

Le yingqakumbana emhlophe

Emva kakhulu kancinane ixesha, ngeenkwenkwezi bakwazi ukuqonda isizathu sokuba Sirius ihamba kunye nale indlela. Yonke le nto kweli inkwenkwezi, nto leyo elandelayo - izazinzulu wayinika igama Sirius B. yewonga - nengcungcuthekileyo, nenomlanga emhlophe, nto leyo yenyukliya ngayo. Okunye okunika umdla kukuba ubunzima umzimba zesibhakabhaka ilingana ubunzima iLanga, lo gama ubukhulu lincinane kakhulu. Kungenxa yoko le nto Sirius B endinomdla nezinye iinkwenkwezi, ebangela ukuba uphendule kwindawo indlela ethile. impembelelo olunayo kudlulela nkwenkwezi aqaqambe esibhakabhakeni - Sirius A.

Sirius B waba nenomlanga abamhlophe ukuba ubunzima omkhulu. Izazinzulu sele uqinisekile ukuba minyaka le nkwenkwezi ezintathu namakhulu ezigidi. Kukho ingcamango yokuba xa Sirius isanda yayo, izilingo yezinto ezimbini, enye yazo mkhulu ubunzima inkwenkwezi yethu izihlandlo ezihlanu, enye - kubini. wayitshisayo Ukukhanya yokuqala waza wajika ezibonakala ngayo Sirius B enobubanzi sinciphile enobunzima enkulu. Sirius A ukugcina iimpahla zazo, ukuze abantu babe Ukubengezela yawo nenkulungwane yokuqala.

Ukuvutha obomvu Sirius

Kumaxesha amandulo, iinkcuba ezahlukeneyo baye wabukela Sirius, kodwa bakubonileyo, kukho ipateni esingaqhelekanga; bonke babona ukuba le nkwenkwezi aqaqambe esibhakabhakeni ukuya ezantsi ikhala ukukhanya okubomvu. star Bright obomvu ebizwa ngokuba sobulumko waseRoma nommi obekekileyo of Lutsiy Anney Seneka. Kukhanya efanayo hlalele Klavdiy Ptolemey kwi BC ngenkulungwane yesine. Umntu ukucinga ukuba umbala iinkwenkwezi yaye ngokushiywa ngenxa ikhweyitha, apho ababukeleyo khona. Kodwa kwimbali astronomi Chinese, kukho iingxelo kwenkwenkwezi ebomvu, ojongwe zezenzululwazi Syma Tsyan. Phantse kuzo zonke iintlanga kumaxesha amandulo akashiyanga akukho rekhodi le mbono engaqhelekanga ezinjalo. Izazinzulu, ngeenkwenkwezi babecinga ukuba inkoliso kutshanje (imilinganiselo bamazulu), inkwenkwezi aqaqambe esibhakabhakeni ebusuku ebomvu.

Nenguqulelo esemthethweni yelogo ye-bomvu

Kodwa nantsi inzululwazi esemthethweni bengavumelani nale ngxelo. Bakholelwa ukuba kwixesha elingephi ixesha akukho lutshintsho enkulu Sirius ayikwazanga kwenzeke. Ngokutsho abaphengululi mihla, abantu belo xesha nje ndifuna ukushiya oko akubona, nebangela ukuba inkcazelo epithets eziqaqambileyo. Ukongeza, ukuba bamlinde kwi Kwahlwa, kwasa, siya kubona ukuba Sirius twinkles - oko ithemba buyayigqwetha ukukhanya kwalo kuyinyaniso.

banqule Sirius

Ukuze siqonde intsingiselo iinkolelo nezenzo ezisekelwe kunqulo inkwenkwezi, kuyimfuneko ukuba akuwuqiqi kuphela ukuba kubonwe zonke iimbombo Umhlaba kangangeenkulungwane ezininzi, kodwa kubhekisela nayiphi umlaza lokubonakala kwenkwenkwezi Sirius. Umzekelo, i Sumerians wambiza ngotolo kunqulo lwabo kucingwe ukuba le kwendyebo uthumele uthixo Ninurta. Kodwa ke amaYiputa babekholelwa ukuba le nkwenkwezi imele Soptet uthixokazi.

Egypt

Bukela le nkwenkwezi waqalisa omnye izazi zaseYiputa. Hi ndlela leyi, yi nga ku pfuna ukufumanisa xa iNayile. Ayekholelwa ukuba oku kungenxa iinyembezi uthixokazi uIsis, isijwili umyeni wakhe, uOsiris, uthixo wezolimo. Kwakhona eYiputa yamandulo ekuthini unyaka ayikho ilanga, kunye Sirius.

Greece

Kodwa kwiintsomi zamaGrike, igama elithi "Sirius" yinguqulelo ngqo - "eliqaqambileyo". KwanamaGrike ukuba nkwenkwezi aqaqambe esibhakabhakeni ngoJanuwari - i Orion Canis Major. Kwakhona, kwanamaGrike ukuba inja phezu umzila nesiLimela, leyo uzingela uOsiris, nokusukelana Hare.

E Latin, le nkwenkwezi ekuthiwa iholide, oko kuthetha "inja omncinane". Ngaloo mathuba xa Sirius ubonakala kakhulu bonke, baye ingqalelo imihla nkwenkwezi. Ezi ntsuku ayikwazi kuba nantoni na ukuyenza, kwaye ukwenza njalo kwakunzima kuba bona baba lishushu konyaka.

Ngelo xesha, abantu bomthonyama New Zealand, wamazisa inkwenkwezi Sirius njengoko umzimba wenyama unkulunkulu Rehua ophilileyo esibhakabhakeni liphezulu.

Dogon

Uninzi unqulo lubizwa Sirius okwangoku ingqalelo ulungiselelo le nkwenkwezi besizwe Dogon. Nangona inzululwazi yanamhlanje iye lwafunyanwa kutshanje Sirius B, abemi besi sizwe iye lwaziwa ixesha elide kakhulu. Kwaye ngqalelo ukuba isixhobo sombane nendlu kunye inqanaba lolwazi Dogon lisekhona kwinqanaba kwakudala. Kwakhona kubalulekile ukuphawula na isibakala sokuba ikhalenda wesizwe eyakhelwe kwixesha ngamahlanu kungayanyaniswa nje kwixesha ukujikeleza, nenomlanga emhlophe ngeenxa ikhwezi eliqaqambileyo Sirius A. Khangela le nkwenkwezi akunakwenzeka ngaphandle izixhobo, lo gama i-Dogon nkqu izixhobo zamandulo lokuqaphela wezulu apho.

isiphelo

Le nkwenkwezi ezigqame esibhakabhakeni - Sirius. It kungabonakala zombini kwi-Southern saseNtla ukusuka kwi North. Sibukele le nkwenkwezi ixesha elide, kwaye ekugqibeleni bafunda ukusebenzisa oko umlaza inkwenkwezi Sirius - ibizwa ngokuba lekroza Canis Major. Kukholelwa ukuba le nkwenkwezi wesibili ukubaluleka emva eLangeni uMhlaba. De kube ngoku, iinkcukacha ezininzi kunye neentsomi ezinxulumene ne Sirius, ingqalelo imfihlelo kwinzululwazi mihla. Yiloo nto abantu abaninzi bezibuza ukuba yintoni na le nkwenkwezi, nto leyo iqhele kufutshane nje kuthi.