Phosphoric acid, apho ifomula H 3 PO 4, ekwabizwa ngokuba phosphoric. Umchiza phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo yimeko esiluqilima udibaniso. ziikristale encinane kweziyobisi yeyona nto enemibala. Acid ufunyaniswa enyibilikayo emanzini, ethanol kunye nezinye izinyibilikisi organic. Xa urhulumente eqinileyo engamanzi, ezo molekyuli osisiqu yokunxulumana ngeentambo hydrogen kunye, ngenxa yesi sizathu yagxila H3PO4 ine viscosity ukwanda. Iqondo 42,3 C, ngoxa ngokufudumeza ukuya ku 213 C uba pyrophosphoric acid H 4 P 2 O 7.
Phosphoric acid yi electrolyte medium amandla kwakunye tribasic acid, oko dissociates stepwise ngamanyathelo emithathu izisombululo zolwelo.
Okulungiselelweyo orthophosphoric acid ngokuqhelekileyo ityuwa eziqulathwe yalo izimbiwa phosphate - apatite kunye phosphorus, phantsi kwempembelelo sulphuric acid. Kwakhona, ngenxa ukuxovwa phosphorus oxide (V) ngu haydrolisis okanye wenze isiqholo ezingaphiliyo - phosphor pentachloride.
Phosphoric iasidi awasabela ngayo kunye neziseko, oxides zesinyithi, iityuwa, izinyithi esebenzayo kunye asidi olomeleleyo. Xa kunxityelelwana hydroxides neutralization reaction kwenzeka, isiphumo yayo ukuyilwa ityuwa namanzi. Zakudibana oxides metal lwakha ityuwa namanzi. Xa zakudibana indlela iityuwa zotshintshiselwano kuthatha indawo, efunyanwa xa ityuwa omtsha kunye asidi. Indlela orthophosphoric acid kunye nitrate yesilivere (ityuwa) yi yokusabela qualitative, evumela ukuba ukufumanisa izisombululo zayo. Iyonke - yellow kwenze - phosphate Silver (Ag 3 PO 4). Ekubeni izinyithi esebenzayo, aphakathi Beketova phezulu hydrogen engena ngayo endaweni. Ngokusebenza kunye asidi eyomeleleyo (iblitshi) liveza uhlobo elikabini (amphoteric) kwaye yenza iityuwa ezintsonkothileyo - phosphoryl. Kwakhona, lo ayimbumba thermally ibolile ukuba diphosphoric acid.
Phosphoric acid, ukusetyenziswa apho ngokubanzi, esisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwi mveliso ezininzi. Umzekelo, kwezolimo, ingakumbi imveliso izichumisi eziqulathe phosphorus. izichumiso enjalo ukuphucula imveliso kuphela, kodwa kakuhle kuchaphazela ukwakhiwa ekuzakuqalwa komhlaba, negalelo kuphuhliso nonyebeleziso iintsholongwane eyingenelo, kwakunye ukwandisa hardiness izityalo. Kushishino yokutya esiti esetyenziswa njenge additive ukutya E 338, nto leyo uqulathwe imali elincinane marmalade, isiraphu kunye nezihlwahlwazayo. Kungenxa okuqulethwe phosphoric acid kunye citric asidi kweziselo xa ukusetyenziswa ngokugqithisileyo kwenzeka ukutshatyalaliswa ngezinyo. Lo mhlaba athambise izinyo lwawo kunye dentin iye isetyenziswe yi bamazinyo. Umzekelo, phosphoric acid equlathe intlama ekhethekileyo olusetyenziswa izinyo phambi nasekuvalweni kuyo kwaye zinegalelo kwezihlunu demineralization. Le into isetyenziselwa unyango imbewu kunye nokusekwa ipeyinti ngomthi non-ukutsha kunye ivanishi kwakunye nezinto zokwakha (non-olunokutsha phosphate amagwebu fosfodrevesnye nembasa). Ukuthatha ezisetyenziswa brazing nobhedu, nesinyithi ayoni, intsimbi engatyiwa wokucoca olususa ukusuka kumphezulu oxides metal ezahlukeneyo. Kwakhona ezisetyenziswa descaling, isepha ezinto eziphilayo.
Phosphoric acid ifumaneka ukusetyenziswa esebenzayo kunye ezahlukeneyo ngenxa kwiipropati zabo physicochemical kunye nokulungisa nendleko eziphantsi kakhulu.