Fortress Calamita e Inkerman, eCrimea: inkcazelo, imbali, olunomdla kunye nohlaziyo

Zingaphi imbali ezisele ehlabathini? Abanye babo ukulondoloza umhlaba yonke imikhosi izama ukugcina indlela yabo, lo gama abanye zatshatyalaliswa, yaye kubo kwakukho kuphela amanxuwa. Le nkxalabo Calamita inqaba eCrimea, nto leyo ekufuphi kwilali Inkerman.

incazelo

Inqaba yakhiwe VI ngenkulungwane njengokhuselo nxamnye neentshaba bezibandakanya ezinde ezintandathu abaqhagamshelwe kwenye nenye amakhethini, ngamanye yi ezinye izibonelelo, leyo inxibelelanisa le zilikhusi ezimbini. Baye yakhiwa ngamatye ekwari nesisombululo lekalika, Ebubanzini bodonga waba kwimitha eyodwa bese phezulu ezine, kwaye ukuphakama laliziimitha ezilishumi elinambini. Calamita Fortress lalilikhulu kakhulu, indawo yayo 1500 m ^2, kwaye ubude - 234 leemitha.

Indawo inqaba zange ezikhethwe ngengozi: kuyo yaphulwe kwelinye icala, kuza kwibheyi nzulu kweli lizwe, ukuya ububanzi nekhilomitha enye, yaye kwelinye icala kumi inqaba ngokwayo. Ngaloo mihla, yonke intshukumo eyabakho jikelele inqaba zazibonakala.

Nqaba Calamita e Sevastopol: kwimbali

Imbali izixeko emqolombeni ye eCrimea ayaziwa. Oku kukwasebenza Calamita inqaba, elakhiwa ngenkulungwane VI, ngokutsho kwezinye izifundo. Ngeetshathi, wabonakala kuphela XIV-XV eminyaka. nqaba ngaphambili wazala amagama afana Gazaria okanye Kalamira.

Kungenzeka, kuloo nqaba wakha Byzantines, kodwa yintoni na kwaye iya kuhlala ingaziwa. Kodwa ukususela kwinkulungwane XV, ibali leyo ayikho mfiliba kangaka. Ngelo xesha, kwakukho lo ulawulo lwe Theodoro, leyo ungquzulwano kunye amathanga ngamaRoma.

Ukuze ufumane ukungena elwandle, Theodoret wasondeza River Black ukwakha izibuko yayo Avlita kunye nokukhuselwa ukwakha inqaba weemonki rock.

Ngowe-1475 samandla eCrimea beza Turks, capturing kuquka inqaba. Bathi igama e Inkerman. I Turks sele wandivelisa imipu, kwaye kwafuneka ukuba aliphinde inqaba phantsi isixhobo. Bona izokhula iindonga, komelezwa bakha inqaba, kwakunye ukwakha inqaba eyahlukileyo, leyo wayisa phezu okwabangela.

Ekuhambeni kwexesha, le nqaba Calamita e Inkerman waqala ukuphelelwa ixabiso layo ukuzithethelela. It yatshatyalaliswa ekuhambeni kwexesha, kodwa ahlaselwe kanobom ngexesha Idabi Sevastopol.

I yangoku Calamita

Namhlanje ungabona inqaba wonakele, iintsalela iindonga, umnqamlezo, leyo imi phezu kwisiza webandla kunye ngezantsi enqabeni - woonongendi mqolomba. Ntoni igama Calamita, kodwa asazi ncam. Abanye bakholelwa ukuba inguqulelo ukusuka kulwimi Greek - kuba "ekapa omhle", abanye liguqulelwe ngokusuka kwisiGrike njenge "Yaye iyingcongolo na," kuba indawo igutyungelwe iingcongolo kunye nezityalo ezifana nazo, kodwa kukho iinguqulelo ezininzi zelizwi.

Into yokuqala owenzeke endleleni - kwesango inqaba, kulandele iimitha yakhe, 12 kude Tower №2, iqala umsele apho bemba imingxuma. Nenqaba yesithathu emboxo. Loo nto yandixabanisa kakhulu, ongaqondakaliyo ngoko kuyilo wakhe, nangona ngokwemigaqo yokuba le milinganiselo: 12 * 13 m.

Nenqaba Inombolo kakuhle ezigcinwe 4 nto ethethwe emhadini yaye eneneni nizahlule amandla Calamita, ekubeni umsebenzi owenziwe barbican (ngamanye amazwi, wakhonza nokuwakhusela ezongezelelweyo). Kwinkulungwane XVIII ijele apha.

Ukongeza ezinde apha unako ukubona iintsalela ibandla lamaKristu, elakhiwa feodorites xa owned mmandla, yaye kamva yatshatyalaliswa, kodwa akukho bani owaziyo. Uyakwazi ukubona mangcwaba encinane, nto leyo iba i XIX-XX iinkulungwane, apho wahlala khona obelisk sokubandakanyeka oomatshini kunye eziphathekayo kungcwatywa ilitye hero kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II.

emqolombeni isigodlo

Sala rock oluninzi emiqolombeni, yaye omnye kwabo VII-IX kwiinkulungwane Inkerman St. Clement Monastery wokuwonga elaa saint yadalwa, abasweleke Hersonissos.

Woonongendi iye amabandla emithathu yayikhona kuze 1485, bada bafika ngamandla, lo Turks and banyazelisa iimonki ukuba ashiye weemonki.

Kwiinkulungwane eziliqela kamva, ngowe-1852, oko kuvulwa le ukunyanzelisa Archbishop Innocent, kodwa wahlala ixesha elide, ekubeni iCrimea War. Noko ke, ngo-1867 woonongendi uye waphila, kunye nokubuyiselwa iicawa wakha Emnye Church yabanjwa. Kamva, xa imbeko loMlawuli Alexander III itempile St. Panteleimon yakhiwa, yaye ngo-1907 - Church of St Nicholas, leyo satshatyalaliswa ngexesha lemfazwe.

Xa USSR kokuwa, lendela babuyela ezimbaxa weemonki kunye nokuqalisa kwe ukubuyiselwa lwehlabathi, kwaye yakhiwa St. Panteleimon ibandla.

Indlela ukuya enqabeni Calamita

ECrimea, Inkerman dolophana elime kule ngingqi ikuyo le Sevastopol, elifikeleleka ngemoto, uloliwe, ibhasi kunye iphenyane. Injabulo omkhulu elwandle uya kuthabatha uhambo iphenyane ecaleni Sevastopol bay.

Xa uhamba ngebhasi, indlela kufuneka luzakuqala ukusuka Sevastopol ukuya stop "Vtormet" kwaye ugxininisa Filling Station, ukuze baqale ekunyukeni kwabo ukuya tempile.

Kulula ukufumana ukuya kwindawo yakho ngemoto kwi E zendlela 105 okanye M 18 Ngokubhekele phaya, kwi River Black iya kuba Ekuveleni yokuqala kwicala woonongendi emazantsi apho kukho inkoloseko eliqele, kumele ukuba kubekho enye kugqitha kuyo ngalaa msele, ngenxa emangcwabeni yakudala, leyo lixhomekeke phezu kwenqaba esangweni .

anika umdla

Calamita iyi- yinxalenye Kherson Reserve. Xa, ngo-1968, kwenziwa nokubuyiselwa enye iinqaba zifunyenwe imizobo iibhloko lekalika, apho iinqanawa ngemizobo eneenkcukacha kakhulu baboniswa. Izazinzulu babecinga ukuba la manani ezinxulumene XIV-XV eminyaka.

Xa kwakhiwa le nqaba kanye, akukho mntu owaziyo. Noko ke, izazinzulu zikholelwa ukuba ukwakhiwa yaqala ngenkulungwane VI. Le nqaba elimiswe njenge ukhuselo iindlela zorhwebo ekuhlaselweni.

Apho ke kuloo nqaba ngenkulungwane XV ngokutsha ukukhusela asakhasayo port Avlita. Kamva, le ndawo yoyiswa baseTurkey, bakha inqaba ezintsha nezindala yakhiwe ukuba kwenzeka Kalamita. Ukuba Turks bebeziqhelanisa ukuba imipu wayinika igama elitsha lika Inkerman, gama elo elithetha "umqolomba inqaba".

reviews

Fortress Calamita, ngokutsho kubakhenkethi - indawo umdla kakhulu ukuba unalo ubutyebi bembali. Ukusuka ekhohlo yakhe encinane, kodwa le ndawo ulingana tyelelo kuyimfuneko. Oku apho bachukumise imbali onwabele iimbono ezintle vula eliweni emishini.

Cave isigodlo isebenza ngexesha lethu, kwaye kwakhona kuvelelwa. Kakade ke, xa iiseli akayi kunivumela nabani na, kodwa ukuze ubone woonongendi kunye nebandla evela ngaphandle akuvumelekanga, ngexesha elifanayo unako ukuthenga iti njengohlaza emishini.

Tyelela i lesikhumbuzo zembali inokuba zakho okanye zityelele kwi Calamita nqaba ukuba baphonononge ibali lakhe zolwimi ngokunzulu. Bonke abaye wakha watyelela le ndawo, bavuya. Wonke umntu kufuneka tyelela nqaba, ukuba ube e Sevastopol. Ukubona kwaye achitha woonongendi, ixabiso layo ayikho engange ngaphezulu kwe-100. umntu.