Isisombululo Ammonia - ukulungiswa kunye nokusetyenziswa

Nitrogen (nitrogen) iye uxhulumaniso eziliqela ukuya hydrogenous (hydrogen), apho eyona ibalulekileyo ammonia esinzima. Elabhoratri kulungiselwe ngokushushubeza umxube ze ammonium chloride ne potassium hayidroksayidi. De kwenkulungwane ye-19, idiphozithi Chilean sodium nitrate kwakujongwa umthombo kuphela nitrogen. Ngenxa yophando lwenzululwazi, ekhemisi kukho iindlela ezininzi esesibhakabhakeni nitrogen nitrogen yaphakanyiswa. Eyokuqala kwezi yaba cyanamide inkqubo ammonia yokuqaphela. Le ndlela isekelwe impahla nitrogen kukhatshwa ukuya calcium carbamide. Ukulungiselela le njongo, i-nitrogen eshushu nje ocande calcium carbide:

N2 + CaC2 = CaCN2 + C

I-CaCN2 (calcium benqanda) nitrate ukuzithengela isetyenziswa nje isichumiso kwezolimo. Kufuneka kuchazwe ukuba unyango kule ezimbaxa kunye ngomphunga ukuvelisa ammonia:

CaCN2 + ZN20 = 2NH3 + CaC03

Ammonia ngayo ukuze acid kunye nitrate isichumiso nitrogen. Xa chemistry mihla isagquba enye indlela yokufumana NH3 - kuyondelelaniswe yakhe nitrogen kunye hydrogen:

1/2 N +3/2 H2 = NH3

ammonia ukuzithengela kuthiwa zokwenziwa. Industrial ammonia yokuqaphela lwenziwa phambi ngumnxibelelanisi kwaye kubushushu degrees 500.

Ammonia - igesi leyo eye ivumba elitsarhayo iimpawu, oko Ikhaphukhaphu komoya. NH3 akufuneki imuncwe ixesha elide, kuba yityhefu. Le gas lula enyibilikayo H2O. Kanzulu ammonia zolwelo equlathe-25% NH3.

Xa zipholile (ukuya -79 ° C) nesisombululo ammonia zolwelo uba crystalline. Izifundo Scientific aye abonisa ukuba ubunzima ephambili NH3 kwi isisombululo zolwelo yimilo kweemolekyuli hydrated (NH3 · nH2O) yaye kuphela inxalenye encinane ammonia ichithiwe (malunga 0.5%) ngayo ngamanzi:

NH3 + H2O = NH4 + + WO -

indlela awana izisombululo ammonia ngenxa yobukho unako hayidroksayidi. Ngokwemveli isisombululo ammonia yonyulwa NH4OH. Le ayinayo isicombululo ebangelwe kukho iqela hydroxyl, oluthi luqokelelane ngenxa dissociation ze ammonium hayidroksayidi.

isisombululo Ammonia uthathwa isiseko buthathaka. Kule iilebhu amaxesha ammonia yalungiselelwa ngokufudumeza ammonium chloride. Ammonia yi chemical compound ayasebenza ukuba idityaniswe izinto ezininzi, lo gama ukubonisa iimpawu kunciphisa kuphela.

Ammonia elivutha mpilo phambi selangatye ezibuhlazarha-yellow, ngoxa oxidized ukuya nitrogen simahla. Xa ubukho kuvala (platinum) · ammonia igcwala iqhubeka de oxide nitrogen. Le yokusabela lisetyenziswa kwinkqubo yokuvelisa nitric acid. Kufuneka ke ukuba inkoliso ammonia ukuzithengela ichithwa kwimveliso izichumisi Nitrate kunye ne-nitric acid.

Ngexesha ngumphunga kwi -33,4 ° C ulwelo NH3 ukusuka kokusingqongileyo afunxa eninzi ubushushu, ibangela ukuphola. Lo mhlaba ukusebenzisa kwayo kwiinkqubo ifriji kuba ngumntu yokugcina ice iimveliso zokutya ezonakalayo. Amaxesha amaninzi ammonia ulwelo lisetyenziswa ukwakhiwa kwezakhiwo phantsi komhlaba. Isisombululo ammonia isetyenziswa waselebhu, ishishini imichiza, impahla yendlu, kwaye amayeza.

isicelo solution ammonia. Isetyenziswa njengoko kuthetha ukuba excitation kunye nokususwa nokuphefumla lomguli evela waphela. Ezinkulu lamanani NH3 kunokubangela ukubanjwa sokuphefumla. Maxa wambi isisombululo ammonia isetyenziswa emetics (amathontsi-10 100 ml amanzi ngamnye). Qaphela ukuba lo ukulungiselela zamachiza ingenakusetyenziswa kulophulo ngokwemixholo phambi kwezifo yesikhumba (nangokhwekhwe, dermatitis). Ukuba ubuthi ammonia umphunga amagqirha ukumisela acetate, citrate, tartrate (tartaric acid) kwi-1% ingqalelo. In kuhlinzwa usebenzisa isisombululo ammonia (25 ml / 5 ilitha ebilisiweyo, amanzi ashushu).