Iimbongo ezintle kunye ezidumileyo yiLermontov

Ilifa labalobi abanamakhono amaninzi, kodwa yimisebenzi embalwa kuphela eyaziwayo kwizigidi kwaye ihambelana ngokuqinileyo negama lembongi okanye umbhali weprose. Iingqungquthela, amabali kunye neenveli zihlolwe ngethuba, kwaye kwimbali zikhona kuphela ezihle kakhulu kubo.

Iingoma ezilungileyo

Iingqungquthela ngumlingane ongunaphakade wenkcubeko yabantu. Kukho into emilingo kunye nokuqhawula inkulumo yentetho: ngumculo, i-laconic, ichanileyo kunye neyobugcisa. Nangona kunjalo, xa sithetha ngobuhle, asithethi nje ingoma kunye nemifanekiso emihle. Kananjalo sinokucinga ngokomoya, ukunyaniseka kwemvakalelo, ukuchaneka kwengcamango. Kwaye inkondlo enhle ngokwenene iya kuba kuphela xa ubukhali befom kugxininisa ubunzulu bomxholo. Emva koko kuzalwa, abafundi bezizukulwana ezahlukahlukeneyo baya kujonga.

Ngaloo ndlela zazalwa iintonga ezidumileyo zeLermontov. Awukwazi ukufunda oku. Unokufunda iindlela, inkolelo yesalathiso njengoko uthanda, unokuba isithethi esinekhono, kodwa awukwazi ukuba ngumlobi onobulumko, ukuba awuveli kwizinto kunye noThixo.

"Emazantsi asendle ..." Inguqulelo ethandwa kakhulu

Mnu Yu. Lermontov, ngokungathandabuzeki, wazalwa imbongi. Ngomsebenzi wakhe obalaseleyo, kukho rhoqo "into encinane" ekwahlula inkondlo enekhono kwi-géeni. Makhe sizame ukubona oku ngokuhlalutya imibongo engcono kakhulu yeLermontov.

"Emazantsi asendle ..." yaziwa kakhulu phantsi kwegama elidumiweyo elithi "Pine". Abafundi baseRashiya beenkondlo ezidume kakhulu uLermontov abaqhelana nesikolo, phakathi kwabo lo msebenzi. Inguqulelo yamahhala ye-Heine's masterpiece. Ndimele ndithi uLermontov wayengenguye wokuqala kunye nomlobi wokugqibela ukubuyela kulo msebenzi weengqungquthela zesiJamani. U-Heine uguqulelwe kunye noTyutchev, no-Fet, no-Z. Gippius nabanye abaninzi. UL. V. Shcherba wabonisa ukuba ekupheleni kwekhulu le-XIX kwakukho ubuncinane aba-39 baseRussia, kwaye emva koko, akukonke kwapapashwa, ngokwenene kukho, mhlawumbi, ngaphezulu kwabo. Kanti akukho nanye itekisi ibaluleke kakhulu kwiSikrasi. Yintoni enokubongozwa kweengqungquthela zeLermontov? Enhle kunazo zonke, njengale, ziqulethe iimfihlelo ezininzi.

Iimpapasho zokuguqulela kweLermontov

Oku kungabonakala kungaqhelekanga, kodwa iingoma ezilungileyo zeLermontov ziqulethe iimpazamo. Iingcamango ezingenabulungisa, ezazingeniswa yilo mbongi, ngenxa yombhalo oye wayeka ukuba nguqulelo, kodwa waba yi-Lermontov eyazimeleyo. Into ephambili kukuba i-Heine fir yokuqala (okanye i-spruce) ayibongozwa ngokuthi yiFichte (igama lezesini zesini), kodwa i-Fichtenbaum (igama lomntu wesini). Oku kufana nendlela eyahlukahlukeneyo yaseRashiya kukho "umsedare" kunye "nomsedare". Ngako oko, kuvela ukuba ezinye "yena" amaphupha apho kwindawo ethile inhle "yena". Phambi kwethu uthando lomculo. Ngoko ngokuqhelekileyo uHeine waguqulela, esebenzisa amagama athi "umsedare" (iTyutchev) okanye "i-oki" (Fet). Emva kokusebenzisa amagama athi "ipine" kunye "nesundu", iLermontov iguqula ngokubanzi intsingiselo yombongo. Oku akusiyo imbongi yothando, kodwa umzekeliso wefilosofi, onqwenela ukusila. Ngenxa yoko itekisi ekhangayo yephupha elikumantla : i-pin "idibanisa, iguqulwe," ihlanganiswe ngekhephu, njenge-rhizome, njalo njalo. Umfanekiso kaHeine ucacile ngakumbi kwaye ukhaliphe. I-Lermontov iphinda idale inkondlo-ngqungquthela ngokulondeka komntu: imicu imangalisekile, imphefumula, inhle. Imibongo kaLermontov ibonakala iRashiya kakhulu, nangona imvelaphi yangaphandle.

Ngako oko, isigqi sombongo sitshintsha. UHeine uthetha ngobuhle obungenakulinganiswa, ngoko isandi sevesi sibukhali ngakumbi, siyabetha. ULermontov, ngelixa edala ingqungquthela yakhe, usebenzisa iziqulatho ezahlukeneyo. Ukutshintshwa kwe-amphibrachia emine eneemilenze ezine kunye nemilenze emithathu kwenza ukuba uhlaziyo ludibelele, lube lugqibelele. Ngenxa yoko, inkondlo esitsha ngokupheleleyo izalwe - ingqiqo, inzulu kwaye inhle.

Iqhankqalaza "Sishiya"

Mhlawumbi, nayiphi na umntu waseRashiya, xa ebuzwa ukuba abize izibongo ezidumileyo yiLermontov, uya kukhumbuza amagama athi "Umkhumbi wedwa unomhlophe ...". Baye baba yinkolo ngokwenene: le ngoma eyaziwayo, kunye nesihloko sebali V. Kataev, kunye neengxelo eziqhubekayo kwimibongo yezinye iibongozi. Ngoma ingoma engavumiyo ye-Ostap Bender evela kwi-movie eyaziwayo ibhekisela kule mbongo: "Inqwelo yam ilungile, ngoko yedwa ikhupha imvelaphi yeenqanawa ezinkulu." Kwaye khumbula ngokukhawuleza uLermontov. Kwaye, mhlawumbi, iingcali kuphela ziyazi ukuba oku akukona umgca weLermontov. Lo ngumgca ovela kwisibongo esithandwayo esisodwa, ngokuchanekileyo, isiqwenga sombongo ongapheli ngu A. A. Bestuzhev-Marlinsky. Kodwa ibanjwe ngqo kwiLermontov. "I-Parus" iyingxenye ebalulekileyo yenkcubeko yaseRussia. Kodwa le nkondlo eselula - imbongi ngexesha lokubhala kwakhe yayineminyaka elishumi elinesixhenxe kuphela ubudala. Oku kwenene, awukwazi ukufunda i-genius. Umbongo uhlaba, umculo (wawungekho ngaphandle kwesizathu sokuba waba yingoma) kwaye ngelo xesha azinzulu ngokubaluleka.

I-Riddle of Simplicity

Ekuqalekeni, "Hamba" - inkondlo elula kwaye kulula ukuyiqonda. Umkhumbi ngokwawo uqondwa njengesifanekiso somntu ofunayo, umntu ongenasiphelo, osikrakra ngexesha "lokuzola" kwaye "ocela iziphepho". Ngokubanzi, inkondlo yothando lomntwana, malunga nesibhengezo. Kodwa ukuba oko kwakunjalo, "Ukuhamba" akuyi kuba ngumbukiso weengoma zaseRussia. Leyo yinto nje, ukuba izibongo ezidumileyo zikaLermontov zibonisa isicwangciso sesibini, esilula ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuchaza, kodwa ngokuqinisekileyo sivakalelwa ngumfundi. Kwaye le si cwangciso sesibini esinika isicatshulwa sikaLermontov ngokubaluleka kokuqhayisa, nguye owenza inkondlo ibe yinto enhle kakhulu, ilula. Kubalulekile ukujonga amagama - kwaye konke ukulula kuyanyamalala njengomoya.

"Ulwakhiwo lobuhle"

Isiqendu ngasinye senkondlo sakhiwa ngokwecwangciso "umboniso-mfanekiso". "Imifanekiso" iyatshintsha kwisangqa "ukuzola - isiphepho - ukuzola". Kodwa izimvo ziphuhliswa ngokungqinelana neengcamango ezahlukeneyo. Okokuqala umbuzo uceliwe, ngoko siva ukukrakra okukrakra, kwaye ekugqibeleni ... Kubonakala ngathi kukho impendulo. Kodwa akukho mpendulo. Le nqanawa "icela iziphepho," kodwa isiqhwithi sase sisekho. Kwaye kwakungekho ukuphumla apho. Kukho "njengokungathi" ukuphumla, kodwa kungekhona uxolo. Kwaye siyaqonda ukuba ukufunwa kweqhawe lomculo kutshabalalisiwe, akukho uxolo ngoku, luyinto engafaniyo. Kwaye kwangexesha elifanayo - kule ngxowankulu ayikho "i-Sail" kuphela, kodwa nayo yonke i-Lermontov indalov - ukukhangela iqhawe akuluncedo, umntu uya kulahlwa yinto engapheliyo. Yaye yindoda kuphela njengoko egcina yena "umoya wokukhangela". Le yintlekele, kunye nenjongo ephezulu yobomi babantu.

Kule nqaku ufunde ukuba izibongo zikaLermontov zihle kakhulu kwaye kutheni abafundi bebona baze bazive benomdla. Umba kukuba iingcamango zikaLermontov zixhomekeke kuninzi kakhulu, kwaye ziqondwa ngathi ngendlela ekhethekileyo, zibonakaliswe kwiindinyana kumgangatho obonakalayo wamagama, iingoma, iingqungquthela.