Iifama: iintlobo zeefama, inkcazo, udidi kunye nomsebenzi wokusebenza

Ukwakhiwa kweefama zeefama ezihlukeneyo zesicelo, ezisebenza njengemigangatho kunye nesakhelo sezinto ezakhiweyo zakhiwo. Ngokwenene, ziinkqubo zentonga, leyo, ngokuxhomekeka kwiimeko zokusebenza, inokubonelela ngee-degrees ezahlukeneyo zokuxhatshazwa kunye nokunyanzeliswa. Kodwa le ilungiselelo elenziwe lula lento, kuba iinkqubo ezinzima ezimele ifama ezixakile nazo zivela. Iintlobo zeefama zale hlobo zenziwe ngamathambo ahlambulukileyo, ezixhunyiwe kwiindawo. Ukongezelela kokwakhiwa, kuyafaneleka ukuphawula iifama zezilwanyana, apho iifama nazo zisetyenzisiweyo, kodwa zoluhlobo oluthile.

Ulwahlulo olubanzi lweefama zokwakha

Ukwakhiwa kolu hlobo kumelelwe kakhulu kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo. Enye yezona ndlela eziphambili zokuzihlukanisa ngumqondiso wokuya kuyo. Ngaloo ndlela, i-bridge, inqaba kunye neendlela zokukhangela iindawo eziqhelekileyo ziyahluka. Kwiindawo apho kuyadingeka ukubonelela ngesakhiwo somthi, kwakhona isakhiwo seengubo ezijikelezayo ngokuxhasa izixhobo ezisetyenziswayo. Into eqhelekileyo yokuhlelwa yindlela yokwenza inkxaso, apho isixhobo sobugcisa sento sixhomekeke kuyo. Ngokukodwa, ukunyusa amabini, ukuxhaswa kwamaninzi, ukupasa kunye nokulungiswa kweefama zezokwakha ziyahluka. Iintlobo zeenkxaso ezidibeneyo zingabizwa ngokuba yihlabathi jikelele. Ukunikezelwa ngokuchanekileyo kwezixhobo kunye nokulungiswa kwempahla, ezo nkqubo zifanelekile kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zokuxhasa, phakathi kwazo ezithintekayo nezindlela ezinzima. Ukuze ugweme ukucima iinkqubo kunye ntshabalalo ngexesha lokusebenza, kubalulekile ukuqwalasela ubuchule besakhiwo sokuhlangabezana nemithwalo. Iifama ezikhanyayo kunye ezinzima zime ngenxa yokuphatha umthwalo. Kwimeko yokuqala, izixhobo zeprofayili zinokumelana neetoni ezingama-300 nge-50-meter span, kwaye kweyesibini - ngaphezulu kweetoni ezingama-300.

Iinkalo zesakhiwo seefama

Kwiimeko ezininzi, umsebenzi oyintloko weefama zokwakha yinkxaso yamandla. Isiseko sesakhiwo esinjalo sinomsebenzi ongenanto ongathinteliyo, ngoko ke ingqwalasela ephambili kule mali ihlawulwa ukuze kuqiniswe amabhanti, anqumle inkqubo yenkqubo enzima. Ukwakhiwa kwamacandelo amabini anesibini kunye namacandelo amathathu. Kucacile ukuba, ukusuka kumbono wendlela yokuthwala umbane kunenzuzo ngakumbi ukusebenzisa iifama ezongeziweyo. Iintlobo zeefama ezineebhanti ezintathu zinamandla amakhulu, ukugoba kunye nokuxhatshazwa. Ezi zimpawu ziyanciphisa iinjineli ezifunekayo zokwenza izixhobo ezongezelelweyo, ekubeni inkqubo yokuqinisa eyona siseko inikezela ngokukhawuleza umgca wokuxinwa. Ngelo xesha, iibhanti zokuqinisa zinokuklanywa kweendlela ezihlukeneyo, zihluke ngobukhulu kunye nemigqaliselo ye-slope. Kwizakhiwo zorhwebo kunye noluntu, umzekelo, ukusetyenziswa kweentlobo zentlanzi kunye neendlela eziphazamisayo zendlela, apho inkqubo yeebhanti ezifanayo ifumaneka.

Iintlobo zeenkuni zokhuni

Uphawu oluphawulekayo lwentlukwano yeefama yizinto eziphathekayo. Nangona ukunyuka kwamatye e-polymmer kunye nezakhiweyo, iintlobo eziphambili zisezixhobo zetsimbi kunye neenkuni. Ezi zihlandlo zivame ukusetyenziswa kwiindawo eziphawulwe ngamatye. Ngeendlela zabo zokuncedisa i- rafter iinkqubo ziphuhliswa ngeenguqulelo ezahlukeneyo. Ngokomzekelo, iinyawo ezinyukayo ezinqabileyo zithembele ekudalweni kweziseko kwiipalo okanye ezindongeni zendlu kwimizimba eyodwa. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kwiinkqubo ze-gable, iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeetrasti zisetyenzisiweyo, phakathi kwazo zidibaniswe kunye nezixhobo zokulenga. Kwimeko yokuqala, isiseko senziwe ngamabhadi ebhodi, enika inkxaso yokupakisha ngokusebenza. Imilenze yokulinda ngexesha lofakelo luqiniswe ngokuqiniswa, okuthintela izinto ezihlukeneyo ukuba zihambe kunye kwaye zonakalise isakhelo sendlu.

Iintsimbi zetsimbi

Umlinganiselo oyintloko wokuhlenga iifama ezinjalo luhlobo lwecandelo lezinto eziphathekayo. Kukho izixhobo ezivaliweyo nezivulekileyo. Iinkqubo ezivaliweyo zenziwa ngokusetyenziswa kwezinto zengxande yesigxina okanye isetyhula. Ngokuphathelele iinkqubo ezivulekileyo, zisebenzisa ii-corners kunye neendowuni enye, iziteshi, imveliso ye-tavrovye kunye nezinye iimveliso zetsimbi ezibekwe ngolu hlobo lwephrofayili encinci. Emva koko, kubalulekile ukuphawula iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zokuqinisa izinto ezisetyenziswayo ukuxhasa amabhande. Ngaphandle kweentlobo eziphezulu zamandla ezintsimbi, kuxhomekeka kwiimeko zokusebenza, kunokufuna inkxaso eyongezelelweyo yenkxaso. Iibhonbs ezidibeneyo eziqhelekileyo ezixhaswayo, umzekelo, zifuna inkxaso enokwaneleyo yenkxaso, enokunikezelwa kuphela ngetsimbi zensimbi kunye no-14 mm. Ikhudlwana ububanzi besithuba epulazini, ephakamileyo iimfuno zokuqinisa ukufakwa.

Imigaqo yomsebenzi weefama zokwakha

Ukuqonda inkqubo yokusebenza apho kusetyenziswe khona iifama zefama, umntu kufuneka abhekise kwisixhobo saso sendalo. Ukwakhiwa kweetrasti kubandakanya i-triangles, ezinokuthi zibekwe kwiinqununu. Ngokomzekelo, i-bored complex box booms ye-tower crane iqulethe i-triangles yobukhulu obuhlukeneyo - encinci nangaphezulu. Ekubeni naliphi na intonga esebenzayo ngakumbi ekubonakaliseni ukusebenza kwayo ekululazeni, kunokuba iguqulwe, amandla amakhulu asetyenziswa kwiindawo apho iindawo zokuxhunywa kwefama zifumaneka khona. Iintlobo zeefama ezinamaqela atyunjweyo asaluthola - kwiimeko ezininzi, ukugxininiswa kwenziwa ngokugqithiseleyo kwaye kulindeleke ukuba indawo ayitshintshi. Ngamanye amazwi, nangona imivalo emibili kwisakhiwo sensimbi iyanqunyulwa, abayi kujika.

Iifama zezilwanyana

Kweli candelo lemfuyo, ifama yinjongo yezolimo, apho, ngokomthetho, imfuyo ikhula. Izinto ezinjalo zingabandakanywa kwi-agrotechnical complexes yeefama zelizwe, ifama ehlangeneyo kunye namanye amabhizinisi asebenza kwimisebenzi yezoqoqosho. Iifama zamanje ziyaziwa ngokufumaneka kweendlela zokuchonga, ezivumela ukuba ukunciphise abasebenzi bezandla kwiinkqubo zokugcina izilwanyana. Kwiinkalo ezinjalo zinganikwa iiyunithi ezinika ukutya okuzenzekelayo, ukugaya, ukuvuna, njl njl. Ifama yeentlanzi ifumana ukuthandwa kunye nohlobo olufuna ezinye iindlela kwiinkqubo zobugcisa kwezoqoqosho. Ngokomzekelo, umnini kufuneka aqinisekise ukuba ukucoca rhoqo ngamanzi, emoyeni, kunika iinkqubo ezifanayo zokutya. Iimeko ezidalwe kwaye zenze iifama ezipheleleyo zefama.

Ukwahlulelwa kweefama zezilwanyana ngokuyila

Ukuba iifama zokwakha zikhokelwa yimisebenzi yokwenza inkxaso yenkxaso yezakhiwo, ngoko kulo mzekelo kufuneka kucatshulwe inzuzo yemali. Le nto ayikwazi kodwa iyichaphazela iindlela ezisetyenziswayo kwintlangano yobugcisa yezo ndawo. Amashishini amakhulu akhethe ukwakhiwa okukrakra kweefama ukususela ekuqaleni. Olu khetho lwenza kube lula ukufumanisa iifama ezenzelwe imveliso enkulu yemveliso. Kodwa kwiindawo ezincinci zoshishino, iintlobo zeefama zezilwanyana, ezizinto ezincinci zincinci zolu hlobo olukhethiweyo, ziyaqhubeka zithandwa. Njengomthetho, banikezela njengenxalenye yenkxaso yobuchwepheshe isethi epheleleyo yezixhobo eziyimfuneko, kodwa kuphela ngokulindela inani elincinci leentloko.

Isiphelo

Ngezo zonke iintlukwano kwimisebenzi yokwakha kunye nemfuyo, sinokukwazi ukukhupha iingongoma zabo. Ngaloo ndlela, xa kulungiswa iifama zokuzalisa izimvu, ihagu, okanye iinkomo, akunakwenzeka ukuba amagumbi amaninzi e-hangar ayakha. Kuphela kuzo kwaye ingasetyenziselwa itsimbi okanye izinto zokhuni. Iintlobo zeefama zemfuyo phantse nayiphi na intsebenzo zifuna ukugcinwa kwemimandla emikhulu, ezicetywayo ukuba zilungiselelwe ngoncedo lweepaneli kunye neerfter systems. Eyona ndlela ikhethekileyo kukuba isakhiwo sesakhelo, esibandakanya iinkalo zeefama zokwakha. Ezi ngxelo zingasetyenziselwa inxalenye, kwaye njengenxalenye epheleleyo yokuxhasa inkxaso yeziko elithile.