Wooden truss ezenziwe ngezandla zakhe: design, yokubala

Akwenzeki ukuba athandabuze ukuba ukuthembeka uphahla ngomnye iimpawu zayo ibalulekileyo. Xa intliziyo yalo uyilo buxoki truss ethwele efama. ufakelo zabo ngokuba umsebenzi uxanduva kwaye onzima ukuba libonelela ezichanekileyo zokubala. inkqubo umqadi kufuneka baye kufumana ubunzima egubungele izinto, ukugcina ubushushu, sheathing kunye imvula njengoko ice nekhephu. Ukuqwalasela zonke ezi zinto, imiqadi kufuneka anikwe amandla ubuninzi. Bayakwazi ukuvelisa ngokwayo, kodwa le nto kubalulekile ukuba uthathe ingqalelo ummandla apho indlu yakhiwe, ngokunjalo zonke iimpawu zayo, kuquka umoya nekhephu imithwalo. Oku kufuneka kuquke seismicity yendawo kunye nokwakha.

design

izixhaso Wood Abizelwa ukuba hang kunye imiqadi oluthambekileyo mauerlat, ipali Ridge, braces, braces oxwesileyo kunye ezikhaphukhaphu. iindawo United zakha yophahla, eba uhlobo unxantathu okanye kanxantathu ezihambelanayo eziliqela. Ukunikela inxalenye yesakhiwo eliseluphahleni - imiqadi yinkqubo, ekwabizwa ngokuba umqadi. Ikona apho zifakwa, ekwafanekisa kwithambeka eluphahleni.

Wooden ifama ngezandla zakhe zenziwe kwi ubuchwepheshe, nto leyo ibandakanya ukufakwa ezisekele phezu mauerlat ibekwe phezu kodonga. Oku kuyimfuneko kuba zisasazwe weight. Xa inxalenye ephezulu udityanisiwe kwi eziphelweni imiqadi, ubaleke, owokugqibela ebizwa bar podkonkovym. Kule nxalenye ihashe uphahla. Umgama phakathi imiqadi wophahla kufuneka imiselwe iimpawu izixhaso icandelo eziphathekayo, kunye nezinye izinto. Le parameter kuyohluka 0.8 ukuya 2 m.

Yintoni enye ekufuneka uyazi malunga kuyilo yophahla

Wooden ifama, njengoko kuchaziwe apha ngasentla, le nkqubo ibandakanya imiqadi. Kufuneka ibekwe enxuseneyo nasemaxandekeni, njengoko umsebenzi wabo wenza Ngaphandle aphambuke kwesakhiwo eliseluphahleni. Xa kuziwa ukubaleka, ukuba ziwenza loo msebenzi ngendlela umqadi cross uwandiselwe longitudinally ngaphezulu. Ukuxhasa kwezixhaso zokwakha truss iziintsika kunye sleepers. Iinxalenye podstropilnoy kwifama - oko ezikhaphukhaphu, kuba ebulela kwabo yaqinisekisa uzinzo emiqadini.

izibalo

Ukubalwa kwifama ngamaplanga, Kakade ke, kungcono ekhohlo ukuya iingcali, ngethuba ezi zifundo kufuneka zithathelwe umthwalo akhawunti, leyo kuthiwa abasisigxina kwakunye okwethutyana kunye ezizodwa. Njengoko amalungu lokuqala izenzo ikeyiki weight ezifulelwe. Nangona imithwalo ubomi - eli imvula imozulu kunye nobunzima nabantu abangakwaziyo ekhwela uphahla ukulungiswa. Oku kufuneka kubandakanye kwakhona factor umoya.

imithwalo ezizodwa abo bajongene nangokwakha kwiindawo kunye emngciphekweni omkhulu seismic. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba ukubala umthwalo ikhephu, nto leyo lwenziwa yi ifomula: S = SG x M, SG kukho - yinto ubunzima umthwalo ikhephu square metre nganye. Le parameter enemiqathango, kwaye ixabiso emiselwe kwetafile, kuxhomekeka mmandla. Ngokumalunga zentsulungeko μ, kuba ngumba ngokuxhomekeke engile utyekelo eluphahleni. Ukuze kumiselwe umthwalo umoya, ufanele wazi apho indawo ibekwe indlu, kunokuba indawo evulekileyo okanye uphuhliso lwedolophu.

ukwakhiwa truss yomthi ibalwa, nayo zisekelwe kwixabiso olumisiweyo wolayisho umoya kummandla othile. Kuyimfuneko ukuba bakuthathele ingqalelo yobude besakhiwo. Kodwa ukuze ubone umgama phakathi imiqadi kufuneka bazazi icandelo labo kunye nobude. Ukuba icandelo lusaziswa 8x10 cm, kunye nobude imiqadi ayikho ngaphezu kwe-3 m, umgama phakathi izinto ezifanayo mazifike-120 cm. Ngokwandisa icandelo umqadi umnqamlezo ukuya 8x18 cm kunye nobude imiqadi ukuba 4m umgama ilingana 140 cm. Njengoko ixabiso elikhulu izenzo icandelo leyo ilingana 10x20 cm, kunye nobude izixhaso akufunekanga ibe ngaphezulu kwe-6 m, umgama iya kulingana 140 cm phakathi kwabo.

Ezinye iziqalelo ze kwinkqubo eliseluphahleni, ngoko ke kufuneka la macandelo alandelayo: mauerlat - 15x15 okanye 10x15, imiqadi oxwesileyo - 10x20, ngokuqinisa - 5x15, ezikhaphukhaphu - 10x10, kwaye iyachiza yokugqibela kula macandelo.

Kubalulekile ukwazi kwemivalo enqamlezileyo engumdibaniso kunye neebhodi kwiteksti uyimfama, kwimeko yokuqala, eli xabiso liza kuba 10x15, ngoxa yesibini - 2,5x10 cm Ukuba uya kufakwa yophahla eyenziwe ngomthi, ungakwazi ngokulula ukubala inani elifunekayo izinto, ukwazi candelo imiqadi kunye nobude. . Kubalulekile ukwazi kwakhona inyathelo ufakelo.

Ukuveliswa yophahla

Inxaxheba kwinqanaba lokuqala kufuneka ukwenza master template apho umsebenzi kuya kwenziwa. Ezisekele babe uyilo efanayo, ngoko itemplate kusenokongela ixesha kunye nomgudu. iibhodi ezimbini kwelinye emphethweni isikhonkwane izakubanodibaniso, isiphumo siya kuba uyilo elijongeka isikere. Xa yabulawa, ifama ngomthi ngezandla zakhe, imiphetho simahla isikere ifunyenwe ukufaka isekela kwiindawo imiqadi placement. Oku kuya kuqinisekisa yeyiphi ukutenxa uya kuba yophahla ithambeka.

An pair olongezelelweyo izikhonkwane iya kudibanisa engile edulusele phakathi iibhodi. Kweli nqanaba, oko kuthathwa ukuba template ukulungele. Ukongezelela, ukulungisa kunye ngoncedo bar ezinqamlezayo. Ukuze angle ayizange iguquke phantsi komthwalo, ibha ingalungiswa kunye ngezikhonkwane.

Indlela yomsebenzi

Ukuba ugqiba ekubeni wenze truss ngomthi, ngoko kumele zithathwe xa ekudaleni template, nokuba uya kuba izinto ezinxaxhileyo engephi, yonke isakhiwo omdala. Xa inyathelo elilandelayo ufuna ukwenza itemplate entsha lokulungisa rifling kwi iziqalelo nkqubo. Kufuneka reserved 0.5 ngamaplanga cm ngenxa ukulungisa ibhodi ezakusetyenziswa, Ebubanzini leyo 2.5 cm.

isiphelo

Rifling kufuneka zikhethwe, kuthathelwa ingqalelo umnqamlezo-candelo emiqadini. Xa izixhaso zenziwe ngomthi, encediswa itemplates esele zenziwe kunokuba rifling kwaye uqale ukuqokelela efama.