Imfundo:, Imbali

Ihlabathi Elidala?

Nangona oku kuvakala ngenye indlela, ukufunyanwa kwehlabathi elitsha kubonakalisa ukubonakala kweMdala. Ukususela ngoko, iikholeji ezintlanu zidlulile, kodwa ihlabathi elidala liyingcamango esetyenziswayo nanamhla. Yiyiphi ixabiso owabeka kuyo ngaphambili? Kuthetha ukuthini namhlanje?

Inkcazo yekota

Ihlabathi Elidala liyinxalenye yelizwe elaziwa ngabantu baseYurophu kwiMinyaka Ephakathi ngaphambi kokufunyanwa kwezwekazi laseMerika. Ulwahlulo lwaluxhomekeka kwaye luxhomekeke kwisikhundla somhlaba malunga nolwandle. Abathengisi nabahambi babekholelwa ukuba kukho iindawo ezintathu zehlabathi: iYurophu, iAsia, i-Afrika. Ngasenyakatho kwandula iYurophu, ezantsi-Afrika, nakumaMpuma ye-Asia. Emva koko, xa idatha ngokuhlukana kweendawokazi zelizwekazi liba lichanekileyo kwaye lipheleleyo, kwafunyanwa ukuba kuphela i-Afrika lizwekazi elihlukeneyo. Nangona kunjalo, iimbono ezigxininisiweyo zenzeke ukuba zingabi lula, kwaye zonke iindawo ezintathu zehlabathi zaqhubeka zibizwa ngokuqhelekileyo ngokwahlukileyo.

Ngamanye amaxesha igama elithi Afroevrazia lisetyenziselwa ukuchonga ummandla welizwe elidala. Enyanisweni, eli lizwe likhulu le-continental massive-i-supercontinent. Likhaya malunga nama-85 ekhulwini labemi behlabathi.

Ixesha

Ukuthetha ngehlabathi elidala, ngokuthethileyo akuthethi nje indawo ethile. La mazwi athatha ulwazi malunga nexesha elithile lembali, inkcubeko kunye nokufumana okugqibeleleyo. Lo mbuzo woKuvuselela, xa ubuqhetseba obuphakathi kunye ne-centrirism kuthatyathwa ngumbono wefilosofi yemvelo kunye nesayensi yezilingo.

Ukutshintsha isimo sengqondo somntu kwihlabathi elikujikelezile. Kancinci ukusuka kwidonti yombutho wonke oothixo abanamandla okulahla ubomi babantu ngokubhekiselele kwiimfesane kunye neengqungquthela, umntu uqala ukuzivakalela ukuba ngumphathi wendlu yakhe yasemhlabeni. Uzama ukufumana ulwazi olutsha, olukhokelela ekufumaneni inani. Iinzame zenziwe ukuba zichaze isixhobo sehlabathi elijikelezile ngoncedo lweemishini. Izixhobo zokulinganisa, kuquka ukuhamba, ziphuculwe. Sekunokukwazi ukulandelela ukuzalwa kwezesayensi zendalo ezifana ne-physics, i-chemistry, i-biology kunye neenkwenkwezi, eziza kutshintsha i-alchemy kunye neenkwenkwezi.

Utshintsho olwenzekayo ngokuthe ngcembe lulungiselela umhlaba wokwandisa imida yehlabathi eliwayo. Bakhonza njengento ebalulekileyo yokufunyanwa kwamanye amazwe. Abahambi abanesibindi bahamba baye kwiindawo ezingachangekanga, kwaye amabali abo aphefumle amaqhinga amaninzi nakweyingozi.

Uhambo lwezembali zikaChristopher Columbus

Ngomhla ka-Agasti 1492, iinqanawa ezintathu ezixhotyiswe kakuhle phantsi komyalelo kaChristopher Columbus wanyuka e-Palos echwebeni eya eNdiya. Kwakuyiminyaka yokufunyanwa kweMelika, kodwa uvulindlela odumileyo wayengazange azi ukuba ufumene izwekazi elingaziwa ngabantu baseYurophu ngaphambili. Wayeqiniseka ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba wenza iindibano zakhe ezine ukuya eNdiya.

Uhambo oluvela kwiLizwe elidala ukuya kumazwe amatsha lithatha iinyanga ezintathu. Ngelishwa, kwakungenasiphelo okanye engathandabuzekiyo, andithandanga. I-Admiral ayizange igcine umkhumbi wokuqala wamanqamlezo angaphantsi kwimeko yokuvukela, kwaye amandla amakhulu okufumana ukufumana indawo emitsha yayikukratshi, ukoma amandla kunye nokungafani. Ezi zinto zangexesha elidala, ezivela kwiLizwe Elidala, zaza zazisa kubemi belizwe laseMelika kunye neziqithi ezikufutshane ubuninzi beentlungu.

UChristopher Columbus ngokwakhe akafumani nto ayifunayo. Ukusuka ngohambo lokuqala, waqikelela ukuzama ukuzikhusela nokukhusela ikamva lakhe. Wayegxininisa ekugqityweni kwesivumelwano-mvume esisemthethweni, ngokubamkela ukuba uyifumene isihloko senkosikazi, isihloko sesigxina kunye nommeli-mhlaba wehlabathi elitsha, kunye nepesenti yemali engenayo evela kumazwe angentla. Kwaye nangona unyaka wokufunyanwa kweMelika kwakuya kuba ithikithi lovulindlela kwikamva elikhuselekileyo, emva kwexesha uColumbus wawa phantsi kwaye wafa ngobumpofu, engazange afumane isithembiso.

Ihlabathi elitsha libonakala

Okwangoku, ukudibanisa phakathi kweYurophu neNew World kuye kwaqina. Urhwebo lwalusungulwa, ukuphuhliswa kwamazwe aphantsi kobunzulu belizwekazi, kwaqala ukuba kubakho amazwe ahlukahlukeneyo kumazwe, ixesha lokuhlala kololoni laliqhubela phambili. Yaye kunye nokufika kwegama elithi "iNtsha elitsha" kwisigama-magama laqala ukusebenzisa igama elisezantsi elithi "Ihlabathi Elidala". Emva koko, phambi kokufunyanwa kweMelika, kwakungekho mfuneko yale nto.

Kuyathakazelisa ukuba ulwahlulo lwendabuko oluya kwiLizwe elidala kunye elitsha alinakuguquka. Nangona kunjalo, engaziwa ngexesha le-Middle Ages i-Oceania nase-Antarctica ayicatshangwanga namhlanje.

Kwixesha elidlulileyo elishumi, ihlabathi elitsha linxulumene nobomi obutsha nobhetele. Izwekazi laseMerika lizwe elithembisiwe, apho amawaka abahlala khona ayefuna ukungena. Kwiimemori zabo, indawo zabo zendawo zagcinwa. Ihlabathi Elidala lizithethe, imvelaphi kunye neengcambu. Imfundo ehloniphekileyo, iindawo ezithandekayo zenkcubeko, izikhumbuzo zembali - oku kwanamhlanje zihambelana namazwe aseYurophu, kunye namazwe aseNdala.

Amakhadi ewayini atshintsha indawo

Ukuba kwintsimi yejografi isigama, kubandakanywa ukwahlukana kwamazwekazi kwihlabathi elitsha nelidala-sele liyinto engaqhelekanga, ngoko ke phakathi kwabadlali abaza kubakho iinguqu ezinjalo. Kukho amanyathelo azinzileyo: "Iimvelaphi zeWebhu zeNdala" kunye ne "Iimitsha zeMitsha zeMihlaba". Umahluko phakathi kwezi ziphulo akukhona kuphela kwindawo apho iidiliya zikhula kunye nendawo yokupaka. Baxhomekeke kwimibono efanayo ephawulekayo kumazwekazi.

Ngaloo ndlela, iwayini yehlabathi elidala, eliveliswa kakhulu eFransi, eItali, eSpain, eJamani naseAustria, iyahlukelelwa yintsikelelo yendabuko kunye neengqungquthela ezintle ezintle. Kwaye iwayini yehlabathi elitsha, elineChile, eArgentina, eAustralia naseNew Zealand, idlula, inotshonkco, kunye neenkcukacha ezicacileyo, kodwa zilahlekelwa ngokucokisekileyo.