Ekaterinburg: ibali lifutshane. Ekaterinburg: imbali yeso sixeko

I-Ekaterinburg yenye yezona zixeko ezikhulu kakhulu zelizwe lethu. Incinci kwaye ingumnani weendawo zokuhlala ezazisungulwa ngexesha lokuvela kweshishini laseRussia kunye nophuhliso lweeUreals. Yingakho, xa bethetha ngeYekaterinburg, imbali yesi sixeko izele iziganeko ezinxulumene nezityalo zentsimbi kunye ne-metallurgy. Masiqale ukuqhelana kwethu.

I-Ekaterinburg: imbali yommandla ngaphambi kokuvela kwabahlali baseRussia

Kuza kube namhlanje, izazinzulu zineenkcukacha ezivumela ukuba sitsho ukuba intsimi yeYekaterinburg yanamhlanje sele ikhona kwi-8th-7th millennium BC. Phakathi kuka-6000 no-5000 BC. E. Abemi beendawo babezibandakanye ngokuthe ngqo ekuphuhliseni ubutyebi bemvelo bendawo, njengoko kuboniswe ngumbutho wezinto ezifunyenweyo ngexesha lokuphandwa kwamasifundisane endala. Ngokubhekiselele ekusebenziseni izinyithi, kwaqala ukuqhutyelwa kumanxweme ase-Iset ukususela ngekhulu le-1 AD.

Izityalo zokuqala

Ngexesha lokubonakala kwabahlali baseRashiya kwintsimi yaseYekaterinburg yanamhlanje, kwakungabikho abantu basisigxina apho, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha abantu abaxhasi kunye nabazingeli ababengummeli wamaqela ase-Turki naseFinnno-Ugric ayeka. Indawo yokuqala yaseRashiya kule ndawo ithathwa njengedolophana yamaKholide aseNdala kumanxweme aseLake Shartash, eyasungulwa malunga ne-1672. Emva kancinci, kukho indawo yokuhlala eNyzhny kunye ne-Utus ephezulu. Emva kokuba saziwa malunga nemithombo yendalo yale ndawo, ngo-1702 kwagqitywa ukuba ifumene i-Uktusky, kwaye ngo-1704 i-Shuva Kish ironworks. Nangona kunjalo, amashishini karhulumente ayenzanga ngokufanelekileyo njengabo bahlala kwintsapho yaseDemidov, ngoko ngo-1720 uVasily Tatishchev noJohn Blier bathunyelwa kwii-Urals ngokuhlola. Xa befika kwisiqhamo saseKutus, basekela i-Ober-Burgamit yaseSiberia, igunya eliphezulu lokulawula iifemu zaseburhulumenteni kummandla.

Njengoko iziphumo zophando lukaTatishchev luboniswe, indawo ephumelele kakhulu yanyulwa ukwakhiwa kwezityalo zaseShuvakish ne-Uktus. Ngako oko, i-collegium entsha ye-Ober-bergamit ithunyelwe eSt. Petersburg isikhalazo semvume yokwakha ishishini elitsha kwi-7 km ukusuka kwidala. Bekungenelisekanga, kwaye uTatishcheva wasuswa kwishishini, wamyala ukuba abuyele kwi-capital.

Isiseko sesixeko

Kwiminyaka emibini kamva uGeorg de Gennin wafika kwii-Urals ngemiyalelo kaPeter Omkhulu, owathi, emva kokuphinda ahlaziye iprojekthi ecatshulwayo ngaphambili, wamxhasa ngokupheleleyo. Ukwakhiwa kwaqala ngoMatshi 12, ngo-1723, kwaye ngomyalelo ka rhu lumente ngenkqubo ye-Demidovs yaphoqelelwa ukuba ithumele iingcali zabo ezifanelekileyo kwiibhanki ze-Iset.

NgoNovemba ka-1723, isilongwe sokugaya isando saqalwa kwivenkile yesityalo, kwaye esi siganeko namhlanje sicingelwa ukuba siyisiseko sosuku lwaseYekaterinburg.

Ekaterinburg: imbali yeso sixeko kwisiqingatha sokuqala sekhulu le-18

Ngexesha leziseko zalo, i-enterprise entsha ye-metallurgic yayiyinkulu kakhulu kwaye inamandla kunawo wonke kwihlabathi. Omkhulu-Jikelele uGennin, owayengumphathi weprojekti, ngokwakhe wayethetha noCatherine uQala kunye nesicelo sokunikezela ngumbutho wenqaba yegama elithi Katerinburkh. U-Impress wavuma, kodwa wayala ukuba abize isixeko sase-Ekaterinburg. Leli gama alizange limbambe, kwaye kungekudala igama elithi "Ekaterinburg" libonakala kwimaphu yaseRashiya.

Imbali yokuphuhliswa kwee-metallurgy kwii-Urals isuqala ukufana nencwadana enomdla, egcwele iimbasa kunye neziganeko ezimangalisayo. Kunelungelo lokuthetha ukuba abaKrestu baKhe baqala ukuhlala kuloo mzi ukusuka kulo lonke elaseRashiya kunye nabavukeli baseMoscow abahlaselayo. Apho bajika baba ngamakhoboka, kwaye abo bazama ukuphunyuka bathunyelwa entolongweni, oku kuthiwa kuthiwa yinkampu yoxinaniso.

Ukuhlaselwa kwePugachev

Ngoko umzi wakhiwe ngokusemthethweni emathanjeni abasebenzi, kwakukho ukuqhuma. Ngoko, ngexesha lovuko lwasePugachev, abaninzi abahlali abazange bahlukane nokuzinikela kubavukeli baseYekaterinburg. Imbali igcinwe ubungqina, kubandakanywa ukuba ukuqhushulwa kwakuqhutywe phakathi kwamagosa angenelisekanga nomlawuli wenkqantosi, uGeneral Bibikov.

Idolophu yaseNtabeni

Emva kokuba umzila omkhulu waseSiberia ungadluli ngeYekaterinburg , uphuhliso lwayo olukhawulezayo lwaqala njengentambo yokuhamba phakathi kweYurophu neAsia. Kule minyaka, ukubonakala kwakhe kwaguqulwa kakhulu. Ngokukodwa, izikhumbuzo ezininzi zembali yaseYekaterinburg zenziwe, ezithathwa njengamabonakaliso aphezulu namhlanje.

Ngowe-1807, isixeko sanikwa isimo seentaba, esinike amalungelo. Ukususela ngelo xesha, imboni yezombiwa zegolide iqale ukuchuma, ixhomekeke ekuvuleni i-deposits ye-metal enqabileyo engama-85 kwidolophu. Ngokuphuhliswa kweemigodi, isixeko saqala ukukhula ngokukhawuleza kwaye sibuye sibe ngenye yezona zibalulekileyo zezoqoqosho kunye neenkcubeko zaseburhulumenteni baseRussia. Kwavulwa i-museum yeentaba, i-theater yezobugcisa, i-observational meteorological, etc.

Imbali yeso sixeko ukusuka kwisiqingatha sesibini se-19 ukuya kutshintsho lwe-1917

Emva kokupheliswa kwe-serfdom ngo-1861, ukumbiwa kwemayini kwaqala ukuhla. Ingxaki echaphazelekayo kunye ne-Ekaterinburg. Imbali yophuhliso lwayo isuka ngokuthe ngqo. Ngamanye amagama, ukuthetha ngolwimi lwangoku, kukho ulwahlulo loqoqosho, ekugqibeleni lunefuthe elihle kubomi bemihlali. Ukuphuhliswa kweYekaterinburg kwaphinda kukhuthazwe ukwakhiwa komzila wesitimela odibanisa isixeko kunye ne-Perm.

Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20 loo mzi waba ngumbindi wentshukumo yokuguquguquka, eqhutywa nguYakov Sverdlov. Ngomnyaka we-1905, i-rally mass-government rally yahlelwa nguye yahlakazwa ngamaCosacks kunye namaBlack Black, aphinde ahlaziya i-pogrom yegazi.

Ngaphambi kokuba kuqhambuka iMfazwe Yehlabathi YeyokuQala, uKerensky naye wayevakatye rhoqo kwiYekaterinburg, oye wakwazi ukubamba intlanganiso yenguqulelo. Ngokufanayo nale nto, ubomi obuqhelekileyo beqhubeka kulo mzi, kwaye phantse ekuhambeni kwe-revolution yonyaka we-17 i-yunivesithi yokuqala kwi-Urals yasungulwa. Ngokuqhelekileyo, imbali yezikolo eYekaterinburg inomdla kakhulu, ubuncinane njengomzekelo wenkqubo efanelekileyo yemfundo kwiphondo.

Imfazwe Yomkhosi

Nangona imbali yezitrato zaseYekaterinburg kunye nezindlu zayo ngabanye zinomdla omkhulu. Ngoko, wonke umntu uyazi i-Ipatiev House, apho ngo-1918 batyhila yonke intsapho kunye nabanye abahlobo abasondeleyo bakaNiclas II. Oku kwavela ngaphambi kokungena kwegazi kwidolophu ngo-Oktobha 1917 kunye nokubanjwa komlawuli, ngokugqithiselwa kwakhe kwii-Urals. Emva koko umzi okwesikhashana wawuphantsi kokulawulwa kwamaqela aseCzech, kwaye kamva - amabutho aseKolchak. Nangona kunjalo, ngowe-1919, iinxalenye zemikhosi yesi-2 neyesithathu ye-Army Army zangena eYekaterinburg.

Sverdlovsk

Ngo-1924, iYekaterinburg yaqanjwa kwakhona. Igama lesiSoviet laloo mzi lalizwakala njengeSverdlovsk kwaye kwaze kwaba ngo-1991. Ngaphambi kweMfazwe Yehlabathi yesiBini, isixeko sakhula ngokukhawuleza, kwaye amaziko amfundo kunye nenkcubeko, kunye namashishini amakhulu shishini, avuleka khona. Kwiminyaka elandelelanayo, konke oku kunokwenzeka kwanika inkonzo enobulungisa ekunqobeni intshatsheli kunye nokubuyiselwa koqoqosho olutshabalalisiweyo lweSoviet Union. Kwiminyaka emashumi emva emva kwemfazwe, ukuphuhliswa kweYekaterinburg kwaqhubeka ngokukhawuleza, kwaye ekuqaleni kokuwa kwe-USSR kwakuyizixeko ezicebileyo kunye noshishino oluphuhliso.

Ekhulwini lama-21

Iminyaka ye-perestroika kwaye "ukutshatyalaliswa kwama-90" akuzange kube nefuthe elihle kwi-Yekaterinburg. Ngokukodwa, ezininzi iinkampani zoshishino zavalwa. Nangona kunjalo, ukususela ekuqaleni kwee-2000, imeko yatshintshile, kwaye namhlanje isixeko siyaqhubeka sifumana uphuhliso lwezoqoqosho. Ngeli xesha, iYekaterinburg inomdla weentlobo zezopolitiko, iinkcubeko kunye nokuzonwabisa. Ngokomzekelo, kutshanje uqalise iphrojekthi "Love Story". I-Yekaterinburg iphinda ibe yindawo yokudlala yemicimbi yezemidlalo, kwaye izikratshi zayo zikhangela abakhenkethi, kubandakanyeka kwamanye amazwe.

Ngoku uyazi ukuba yintoni imbali yaseYekaterinburg. Kwabantwana kukho indawo ezininzi ezithakazelisayo, ngoko kwithuba lokuqala lokutyelela esi sixeko kunye nosapho lonke.