I-Pacific Ocean: ukukhululeka kwezantsi. Iimpawu zokhuseleko lwezantsi lwe-Pacific Ocean

Ukukhululeka kwezantsi kwe-Ocean World kunomdla kubaphandi abaninzi, kuba le nto ingazange ifundwe ngokupheleleyo. Kukho nawuphi na, ziyimfihlelo kwaye zingenakucaciswa kwindlela yokujonga izenzululwazi ezifihla uLwandle lwasePacific. Ukukhululeka kwezantsi kweli nqanaba lolwandle kunomdla omkhulu kunzululwazi kwihlabathi lonke, ngoko ke izifundo zomxholo ofanayo zilungiselelwe ngexesha elivakalayo. Iziphumo zenzululwazi ezifunda ngaphantsi kwePacifike zifumene iziphumo eziye zatshintsha ngokupheleleyo umntu ngokuphela kwimihla, kodwa nangenxa yesakhiwo seMhlaba jikelele.

Maqonga oLwandle

Iimpawu zokunceda ezantsi kwe-Pacific Ocean ziyamangalisa kubaphandi abaninzi. Kodwa ukuba uthetha ngokulandelelana, oko kukufanelekile ukuqala ngolu hlobo lwamaqonga "olwandle". Bamele imimandla ethile ye-cortex, esele ilahlekile ukuhamba kwayo, kunye nokukwazi ukubola. Iingcali zenzululwazi zikwahlula kwakhona ezo ndawo zephansi kolwandle eziqhubekayo zisebenzayo ngexesha langoku - i-geosyncline. Iindawo ezinjalo ezikhutheleyo ze-cortex zixhaphake kwiLwandle lwasePacific, olukwindawo yalo entshona.

"Umtya Womlilo"

Yintoni ebizwa ngokuba yi "ring ring"? Enyanisweni, uLwandle lwePasifike lusephambili , kwaye oku oku kwenza ukuba uhluke kakhulu kubalingane bawo. Ngolwazi lwakho, malunga ne-volcano eziyi-600 sele ibhaliswe kumhlaba okwangoku, ngelixa i-418 yazo ikunxweme lolwandle lwasePacific.

Kukho iziqhumane ezingavumelani nemisebenzi yazo engxakini nakwixesha lethu. Oku kusebenza ngokukodwa kwi-Fuji eyaziwayo, kunye neNtaba yaseKlyuchevskaya. Kukho iziqhumane ezininzi kangangokuba ixesha elide ligcina ukuzola okubonakalayo, kodwa ngenye indlela banokuguqula umlilo. Ngokomzekelo, malunga ne-volcano efana neBandai-san eJapan. Ngenxa yokuvuswa kwakhe, iidolophana ezininzi zahlulwa.

Iingcali zenzululwazi ziye zabhalela i-volcano phantsi kwe-Pacific Ocean.

Iintshonalanga ezivusayo "zomphetho womlilo"

Ukongeza kwi-volcano eyaziwayo neyaziwayo emhlabeni wonke eBandai-san, ezinye iimeko ezinjalo zirekhodwe. Ngokomzekelo, i-Volcano eNameless Beerless, esekweminye yemimandla yaseKamchatka, yazibiza kwihlabathi lonke kuma-1950. Xa wavuka kwiinkulungwane zokulala, ama-seismologists angabhalisa malunga neentshukumo eziyi-150-200 ngosuku.

Ukuphambuka kwakhe kwabangela abaphandi abaninzi ukuba bathuke, abanye babo bathetha ngokuzithemba ukuba le ngenye yezinto ezinobundlobongela obukhulu kakhulu be-volcanic paroxysms yekhulu lokugqibela. Into ekholisayo kukuba ukungabikho kwemimandla yabantu kunye nabantu abasemaphandleni.

Kwaye nenye enye "i-monster" - i-volcano eRuiz eColombia. Ukuvuka kwakhe kwabulala abantu abangaphezu kwamawaka amabini amawaka.

IIwaii Islands

Enyanisweni, into esiyibonayo iyisiphelo se-iceberg efihla i-Pacific Ocean. Iimpawu eziqingqiweyo zokhuseleko lwazo zibandakanya kakhulu ukuba ukhenketho olude olude lwentaba-mlilo ludlulela kwiziko. Kwaye ziiIwaii zaseHawaii eziphezulu kwinqanaba laseHawaii elingaphantsi kwamanzi, elibhekwa njengeqela elikhulu le-volcanic elide ngaphezu kweekhilomitha ezingama-2000.

Iqonga laseHawaii liye lafikelela kwii-atolls zakwaMidway, kunye ne-Kure, ezikuntla-ntshona-ntshona.

I-Sami iHawaii iqukumbele ezintlanu ezivaliweyo, ukuphakama kwamanye kungadlula iiikhilomitha ezine. Oku kusebenza ngokukodwa kwimipuphu yaseMauna Kea, kwakunye ne-Mauna Loa. Into ebangel 'umdla kukuba ukuba ulinganisa ukuphakama kwe-volcano yeMaun Loa ukusuka ngaphantsi, ephantsi kwe-elwandle, kuvela ukuba ubude bayo bungaphezu kweekhilomitha ezili-10.

Ukudakumba kweLwandle lwasePacific

Olwandle olumnandi kakhulu, kunye nokufihla iimfihlelo ezininzi, i-Pacific Ocean. Ukukhululeka kweengxowanxu ezisezantsi kunye neentlobo ezahlukeneyo kunye nomhlaba wokucinga ngezinto ezininzi ezifundwayo.

Ngokomlinganiselo omkhulu, oku kusebenza kwisibini se-Pacific Ocean, esinamaqondo angama-4,300 amamitha angama-300, ngelixa iifom ezinjalo ziyinxalenye ebaluleke kakhulu yophando lwezenzululwazi. Ininzi edumileyo kwihlabathi jikelele yi-Challenger, iGalatea, i-Emden, iCape Johnson, iPlaneti, iSnellius, iTuscarora, iRamalo. Ngokomzekelo, uMngqinga unomlinganiselo wee-11 000 zama-33, ezilandelwa yiGalatea kunye nobude bayo obude be-10 000 iikhilomitha ezingama-539. Ubunzulu be-Emden bubungama-10 000 iikhilomitha ezingama-399, ngelixa i-Cape Johnson inomlinganiselo we-10 000 wamamitha angama-497. Eyona nto "engacacileyo" kukudandatheka kweTuscarora kunye nobukhulu bayo ubude obude be-8 000 iikhilomitha ezingama-513.

Iintaba ezingaphantsi kwamanzi

Ukuba ubuya kubuzwa: "Chaza ukukhutshwa kwezantsi kweLwandle lwasePacific", ngoko unako ukuqala ukuthetha ngee-akhawunti, ngenxa yokuba le nto iya kuhamba ngokukhawuleza. Ezantsi kwelo lwandle olumnandi kuninzi iintaba ezingaphantsi kwamanzi, ezibizwa ngokuba yi "guyots". Ziye zibonakaliswe ziphezulu zazo, kwaye ngelo xesha zingaba kwindawo ephakamileyo malunga neekhilomitha eziyi-1.5, okanye mhlawumbi nangakumbi.

Inyiyo eyintloko yezinzululwazi kukuba ngaphambili ama-seamount ayesentaba-mlilo eqhutyayo eyanyuka ngaphezu kwezinga elwandle. Kamva bahlanjululwa baphantsi kwamanzi. Ngendlela, le nkcazelo yokugqibela iphazamisa abaphandi, kuba inokunikela ubungqina bokuba kwangaphambili le nxalenye ye-cortex yafumana "ukuphambuka" okukhethekileyo.

Indawo yePacific

Ekuhambeni kwesi sihlandlo, uphando oluninzi luqhutywe, ezininzi iindwendwe zenzululwazi zithunyelwa ukuze kulungele ukuqwalasela ngaphantsi kwe-Pacific Ocean. Iifoto zibonisa ukuba ibhedi enkulu yelwandle elumangalisayo lenziwe ngobumba obomvu. Kwinqanaba elincinci, i-silt eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka okanye amaqhekeza e-coral echotshiwe angatholakala kwizantsi.

Kuyaphawuleka ukuba iindawo ezinkulu eziphantsi kweLwandle lwasePacific zihlala zihlanganiswa ngesidlo, i-globigerin, i-radiolarian kunye ne-pteropod sludge. Enye into ebangel 'umdla kukuba kwiindawo ezahlukahlukeneyo ezantsi, umntu unako ukuhlangabezana namazinyo e-shark okanye izivumelwano ze-manganese.

Ulwazi olubanzi kwizantsi le-Pacific Ocean

Ukubunjwa kwezantsi kwe-Pacific Ocean kuchaphazelekayo ngezinto ezifana nokungaqhelekanga, kunye nokugcina. Ezi zilandelayo zingaphakathi kunye ne-tectonic - zibonakalisa ngokwawo ngamanzi amaninzi angaphantsi kwamanzi, ukunyakaza okunyanzelekayo kwehlabathi, kunye nokuqhuma kwe-volcanic. Yiyo leyo iPacific inomdla kuyo. Ukukhululeka kwezantsi kuya kutshintshwa rhoqo ngenxa yobuninzi beenqanawa ezinxweme zombini kunye nobunzulu phantsi kwamanzi. Izinto ezinje ziquka imizila eyahlukeneyo, ukuqhuma kolwandle, kunye neengcingo zamanzi. Ukuhamba okunjalo kubonakaliswe ngento yokuba zizaliswe ziincinci eziqinileyo ezingapheliyo emanzini, okwangoku zihamba ngesantya esikhulu kwaye zihamba kunye nomthamo. Kwakhona kubaluleke kakhulu ukuguqula ukuphucula okuphantsi kunye nobomi bokuphila kwezilwanyana zaselwandle.

Inzululwazi ezininzi zazinomdla kakhulu kwi-Ocean Ocean. Uphuhliso oluphantsi luye lwahlukana ngokweemeko ezininzi. Ngokufanayo: umgama ongaphantsi kwamanzi welizwekazi, indawo yokuguquka, elwandle, kunye neendawo eziphakathi kwamanxweme. Kwimizi-mitha yesigidi esingu-73. I-10% ye-margin yangaphantsi kwamanzi ichanekile ngqo kwi-Ocean Ocean.

I-continental slope yinxalenye yezantsi, ene-slope yama-3 okanye ama-6 degrees, kwaye itholakala emaphethelweni angaphandle kwireferensi yomgama ongaphantsi kwamanzi. Kuyamangalisa ukuba kufuphi neziqithi ze-volcanic okanye ze-coral, apho iPacific Ocean isityebi, umthambeka ufikelela kuma-40 okanye kuma-50 degrees.

Indawo yokutshintshela ibonakaliswa nobukho befom yeekondari, eziza kubakho ngokulandelelana. Ngaloo ndlela - kuqala isitya sommandla oselunxwemeni udibanisa inyawo lomhlaba, kwaye ukusuka elwandle kuya kuncitshiswa kwiintlambo eziphakamileyo zeentaba. Oku kuyafana neJapan, East China, i-Mariana, iindawo zeenguqu ze-Aleutian, ezifumaneka kwicala lasentshonalanga ye-Pacific Ocean.