Ukophuka ukakayi: iintlobo, iimpawu, unyango kunye neziphumo

Skull Ukophuka ziphakathi ukulimala ezinzulu. komgomo ezinjalo ukuthembeka amathambo cranial kwenzeka emva izithonga kakhulu entloko kwaye soloko ilandelwa yi umonakalo ebuchotsheni. Loku limala ubomi emngciphekweni. Kwaye nkqu ne yabaneziphumo ezihle, ke zinganeziphumo ezibi kakhulu kwimpilo umguli. Kubalulekile ukuba uncedo lokuqala nokwenzakala kwengqondo traumatic yabonelelwa ngexesha. Oku kuya kunceda ukuthintela yingozi. Kodwa nayiphi na imeko, unyango yokwenzakala loo elide kakhulu kwaye ufuna kwimo ezintsonkothileyo.

Amanqaku waphuka skull

ukonzakala entloko zixhaphake kakhulu, ingakumbi xa usemncinane kunye ophakathi. Balala malunga nesiqingatha ukufa phakathi konke ukulimala. Oku kubangelwa yinto yokuba ukuhlukunyezwa ukuthembakala amathambo cranial kukhokelela ucinezelo okanye umonakalo imithambo ingqondo negazi. Ukongeza, yaba lukakayi unalo isakhiwo entsonkothileyo kakhulu. A ezininzi amathambo kunye beentanda zakho, abe isakhiwo eyahlukileyo nezinyuko. Ezinye amathambo elangena yi imithambo yegazi okanye ukuqanda anomoya. Ukwahlula ngaphambili, yaba lukakayi, ebuchotsheni. Kungenxa kwi ingqondo kwenzeka wenzakele kakhulu qho.

Izinto zobumnini kwamathambo cranial ukuba ukuze lubonakale umonakalo xa impembelelo lwangaphandle. Emva isiqulathi cranial ibandakanya amacwecwe yangaphakathi langaphandle, phakathi apho ithambo cancellous. ipleyiti kwangaphakathi ulula kakhulu, ngoko yonakele phezu ifuthe wayedla ngaphandle kokunikezela ngesidima kwipleyiti engaphandle.

Ubangelwa loku limala

Skull Ukophuka kwenzeka ngenxa isicelo wamandla. Baya zixhomekeke kakhulu kubantu yobudala abatsha ophakathi, aphile ubomi osebenzayo okanye kwezemidlalo. Kwakhona, iindlamanzi, ngamakhoboka eziyobisi kunye namalungu nemibutho mthetho. Ngaba kucaca ezinjalo izizathu ukuba kukho waphuka skull:

• intloko yagqampa yaya kwi into eqinileyo;
• ukuwa ukusuka kumphakamo;
• iingozi zeemoto;
• inxeba efile.

Kukho iindlela ezimbini ukufumana zokulimala: ngqo nengxelo-ntetho. Xa ithambo yaphukile kwindawo zokusetyenziswa kwemikhosi - yinto zaphuka ngqo. Ngoko ngokuqhelekileyo kukho ukwenzakala egumbini cranial. Yonakele amathambo ivame licinezelwe size konakalise meninges. Ekuveleni igalelo ngqo idluliselwa kwezinye amathambo. Ngokomzekelo, xa lehla ukusuka kubude kwi isinqe ngokusebenzisa emqolo okanye imilenze ithe yadluliselwa okubuyela wesiseko yokakayi, ngokufuthi ekhokelela zaphuka yayo.

Iimpawu skull zaphuka

Ngendlela ukunceda kuqala nokwenzakala intloko kuxhomekeke kwimeko ngakumbi isigulana sele ibonelelwe. Kuba naliphi igalelo ongqingqwa intloko kufuneka nokusola ngowona zaphuka yokakayi. Eneneni, maxa wambi eli ukwenzakala ezingahambi ngemiqondiso ibonakale ngokucacileyo. Ke kaloku kukho iimpawu ezizodwa, leyo ukufumanisa kuphela ubukho ngokwaphulwa, kodwa ngamanye amaxesha yindawo kwasendaweni yayo kunye umonakalo meninges.

• Uphawu olungundoqo ngokwaphulwa yokakayi kuphazamisekile abazi lutho. Kusenokuba tyhafi isiqaqa, ukulahlekelwa yinkumbulo, ukudideka, nemibono.
• Ukongeza, yamophula yaba lukakayi zisoloko zihamba kunye enentloko engapheliyo, isiyezi, isicaphucaphu.
• Ukuba umonakalo imicu ingqondo nemithambo i waphawula nobuzaza sifo, paresis kunye nokukhubazeka.
• Ukuba ngenxa ezinjengokwaphuka ochaphazelekayo esikhondweni ubuchopho, kunokuba ukuphefumla nzima, nokuphazamiseka nokuhamba kwegazi.
• Ekuveleni isiseko ukakayi zidla uphawu uphawu hematoma okanye iliso kwi mastoid. Ukopha kungenziwa doped kunye ulwelo fluid ukusuka impumlo, iindlebe.
• ingozi embi kakhulu uthathwa ukuba ukwaphuka amathambo zexeshana. Yenza nesiyezi kakhulu, ulungelelwaniso kakuhle, isicaphucaphu, ilahleko ukuva, ukukhubazeka ubuso.

Ukwahlukanisa skull zaphuka

Ukwenzakala amathambo cranial kunokuba ezahlukeneyo. Bona zahlelwa ngokungqinelana uhlobo ngokwaphulwa, indawo lethu, ubukhali yokwenzakala. Bangakwazi kungachaphazeleka ngamasebe ahlukeneyo yokakayi. Bubunjani wokwenzakala, kukho iindidi ezintathu:

• Kuyinto ezinjengokwaphuka kunawo comminuted, kwaze oko kwakhokelela meninges kunye nempahla igazi nokuba yonakele;
• ukwa odandathekileyo kwakhona ineziphumo ezingababeka engxakini, kuba naye amathambo yokakayi acofiweyo ngaphakathi, nto leyo ebangela ukuba ubuchopho egaya;
• Ukophuka linear zithathwa non-eyingozi, ekubeni ukubana amaqhekeza ithambo kwenzeka, kodwa kunokubangela umonakalo nemithambo kunye ukugruzuka;
• ezinqabileyo kakhulu kwaye kwenzeka perforating ngokwaphulwa evela enxebeni kokudutyulwa, njengoko umthetho, ukwenzakala enjalo engahambelaniyo nobomi.

Ngokutsho kwindawo yokwenzakala ukwahlula ukwaphuka wethambo zezomzuzwana, ke Occipital kunye ngokungqalileyo. Basonta konzakale egumbini cranial. Ukuba esisekweni cranium yonakele, oko kubangela genge emathanjeni yobuso, zisasazwe kwi komzila, impumlo, nkqu meatus eziviwayo. Ukongeza, ezinjengokwaphuka ukakayi kube uzibizela okanye ivaliwe, esinye okanye ezininzi. Imeko isigulane kuxhomekeke ubungqongqo wokwenzakala, ngesidanga umonakalo meninges kunye nempahla yegazi, kwakunye nexesha unyango.

Ukwaphuka egumbini cranial

It evukayo ngesibetho entlonzeni. Ngoko ke, uphawu engundoqo yokwenzakala abanjalo enxebeni okanye ukutyumka kule ndawo. Kodwa kuye kwanzima lokufunyaniswa ukwenzakala elidla yonakele xa ibetha kwipleyiti engaphakathi amathambo cranial ekubonakala ukuba phantse okungenamsebenzi. Isigulane banokuba engqondweni, kodwa ngokuthe ngcembe iimpawu ukonakala kwengqondo liza kunyuka. Ukwaphuka egumbini cranial lunokwenzeka ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukeneyo, uninzi zonke - on impembelelo. Basengozini enkulu yokulimala abantu kotywala ukunxila neziyobisi. Ifuthe ngqo, ezifana kokuwela isinqe, ukuze ezinxulumene yokakayi nokunye. Kulo mzekelo, imeko yomguli yimbi kakhulu, kwaye ukwenzakala kungaba yingozi.

Ukwaphuka isiseko yokakayi

Izinga basinde yomenzakalo ezinjalo kuxhomekeke ukufaneleka ukhathalelo. Kukutshintsha kule ndawo kunokuba uzimele okanye sikhatshwe yi konzakale egumbini cranial. Ukongeza, ezinjengokwaphuka ukwahlula le cipande, oluphakathi kunye ngomva fossa. zokulimala ngokuxhomekeke kwindawo kunye nobukhulu kunye wopha impumlo neendlebe, lokuphelelwa utywala. A uphawu uphawu le akudala cranial fossa ngokwaphulwa batyumke iliso. Xa zokulimala ubunzima onke amalungu iimvakalelo yomguli: Umbono kakuhle, nokuva, ivumba, ukulungelelanisa intshukumo. ingozi embi kakhulu uthathwa ukuba ukwaphuka isiseko ukakayi. Survival xa malunga ne-50%.

ukuxilongwa yokulimala

Ukuba naluphi na uphando ukwenzakala entloko kuqhutyelwa yadalwa a zaphuka. Ukongeza uphando nexhoba okanye kweemeko ezihambisana yokwenzakala, ugqirha ihlola umguli. Kuvavanywa ukuba novakalelo, ubukho ikhaliphe, lajonga ukubetha kwentliziyo, yaye indlela abafundi ukuba ukukhanya. Kananjalo X-ray intamo e uqikelelo ezimbini. iziphumo livakale Imagnethi yomhlaba kunye Itomography computer, ingqondo kunye okuhlatywa echoencephalography kusetyenziselwa ukungqinisisa uxilongo. Esinjalo isifundo kuyimfuneko ukuba enze kwanaxa kungekho neziphumo olubonakalayo wokwenzakala, njengokuba emva impembelelo kungachaphazeleka kuphela kwipleyiti engaphakathi amathambo yokakayi.

Amanqaku Ukophuka skull ebantwaneni

Phezu kwayo nje inkolelo eninzi amathambo cranial kwi umntwana elinamandla, ukonzakala ezinjalo kwenzeka qho ebantwaneni. Kwaye uphethwe wabo nzima, kwaye neziphumo zikholisa kakhulu ngakumbi. skull zaphuka e umntwana kuyingozi kuba nangoko emva kokwenzakala ixhoba unokuziva okulungileyo. Oku kungenxa kuphuhliso elingonelanga esithinzini ngokungqalileyo kunye nezinye iingingqi ebuchotsheni. Imiphumela kuvela kamva: ukwanda ngamandla uxinzelelo, ukulahleka osezingqondweni, ukugabha, ixhala, tearfulness. Uphawu lwe ukulimala yokakayi xa abantwana iintanda ezininzi yomgama, beentanda amathambo divergence engqondweni. rhoqo ngaphantsi kubantu abadala, kukho kwizaphuko eliqela, hematomas kunye hemorrhages. Kodwa nobunzima be ezinzulu: bavame sokuwa, hydrocephalus, ukulibaziseka zophuhliso, ezibonwayo kunye ukungase-.

uncedo lokuqala

Emva kokufumana yokwenzakala kwengqondo okubuhlungu ngayo kubaluleke kakhulu kangakanani ngokukhawuleza unyango ixhoba liya kunikwa. Lidla kuchaphazela ubomi babo. Nangona ixhoba akukho asiwe esibhedlele, kufuneka sibekwe kwindawo ngokuqinileyo ngaphandle kwimiqamelo, ukurekhoda intloko umphezulu ethambileyo. Ukuba engqondweni, oko banokulala ngomqolo. Xa besifa ixhoba ukuba babuyele kwicala elinye, ukulungisa ezintofontofo intloko ngoko ke uxakwe kunye nokugabha. Uyacetyiswa ukuba ukususa yonke nezacholo, iiglasi, amazinyo emboleko, iimpahla unbutton. Ixhoba kufuneka kubonelelwa ukufikelela simahla umoya.

Ukuba ukonzakala entloko ukopha, ubophe yakhe engenazintsholongwane uyasetyenziswa, ungenza isicelo ngumkhenkce, kodwa aninako ningayichukumisi okanye zabeka uxinzelelo phezu yokwenzakala. Akuyi Kucetyiswa ukuba isigulane na amayeza phambi kokufika ugqirha, njengoko, umzekelo, opioids kunokubangela ukusilela sokuphefumla. Njani ukuba ixhoba kufuneka ubone ugqirha, nokuba lisezingqondweni na yaye uba entle. Eneneni, ukuhlukumezeka ukakayi soze kuyaqapheleka. Ngaphandle unyango ngexesha kunokubangela nemiphumela emibi kakhulu.

Iimpawu unyango kwamathambo, yaba lukakayi

Ixhoba nenkxwaleko intloko kufuneka esibhedlele. Kuxhomekeka ebukhulwini kunye nendawo nomonakalo linokukwenziwa unyango endala okanye yotyando. Nikelani ingqalelo alale. Intloko kufuneka iphakame ukunciphisa ukuvuza kolwelo fluid. Kwimeko yokwenzakala wenqwelwana ukakayi idinga empontshwa okanye nokutsalwa. Kuba kwamathambo yengxinano lwenziwa unyango zonyango embindini kunye nowobulali. Izigulane ziye zabelwa iziyobisi ezifana:

• iintlungu, non-steroidal anti-ukudumba;
• womchamo;
• antibiotics ukuphelisa esi sifo ubovu;
• kunye arhente nootropic vasotropic;
• izisombululo ukuphucula ukujikeleza lobuchopho.

Ukuba ezinjengokwaphuka sinobuzaza, ezifana comminuted okanye tus, kunye elimele amathambo, ngoko unyango ngotyando. Kuyimfuneko ukuba ukususa kobutyobo kunye namacandelo zeethishu necrotic, ngokunjalo ngegazi ukugeleza. Ngexesha ukusebenza kwakhona ephelisa umonakalo luvo kunye imithambo yegazi. unyango Surgical kusetyenziswa xa ukuqalisa usuleleko ubovu, zibe mazilungiswe ngoncedo unyango endala.

Imiphumo iingozi ezifana

Ukuba ukhakhayi ukwaphulwa yomgama, ngaphandle ukubana iigusha kunye hematomas enkulu, yaye ukuba usulelo ziphetshwe ubovu, i-ALS ukuphilisa idla intle. Kodwa akubi njalo ngaphandle iingxaki iqhuba ukhakhayi zaphuka. Imiphumo iingozi ezinjalo kunokuba enkulu kunene:

• meningitis, kobuchopho;
• hematoma intracerebral kungabangela Encephalopathy;
• ukopha lweenkcukacha kudla ngokuphumela ekufeni;
• emva base ukuqhekeka ngokwaphulwa ukakayi lisenokuba ukushwabana umzimba uphela;
• izigulane badla baphathwa ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo kunye nezomoya, ukuhla kwengqondo.

Kwimo yesiqhelo emva skull zaphuka

Xa lung ukwenzakala recovery isigulane uyakhawuleza. Rehabilitation ngokubanzi wenziwe ekhaya yaye iquka ukuphumla, umoya omtsha, ukuthatha neuroprotective kunye ukulalisa, ukutya okhethekileyo. yokulimala ngaphezulu kakhulu kunqabile ngaphandle imiphumo. Ukuvuselelwa kwezi zigulane ixesha elide, maxa wambi kuthatha iminyaka. Sekunjalo, abaninzi abakhubazekileyo abakwazi ukubuyela ubomi oqhelekileyo.