Engenasihloko - mlilo in eKamchatka. kuqhuma

Kweli nqaku sifuna ukuthetha malunga mlilo engenagama. Kuya kuba nomdla oko kuthathwa njengezisemthethweni, dubulo yayo yabonwa ngo-1956. Ngoko ke yintoni na mlilo Ngamagama ena? Yiyiphi enye into umdla? Makhe sithethe ngayo.

indawo mlilo

mlilo engenagama ibekwe kwiqela Klyuchevskoy esembindini kufuphi Kliuchevskoi. Ukuba sithethe oko limela, yinto uluhlu side of summit kutyumka. In kwimpuma na isiqwengana mlilo endala, uninzi lachithwa kwi-dubulo ngo-1956. Yaqhubeka kuphela inxalenye encinane kumzantsi-mpuma. inxenye esentshona uluhlu lo mlilo Nameless. mathambeka zigqunywe udaka olubanzi, owokuqala kuyo ibekwe kumzantsi-ntshona kunye nomzantsi. Yaye emazantsi uphahla elinesithandathu ibekwe yobudala ezahlukeneyo ngokupheleleyo kunye nokwakheka. Ukutshatyalaliswa peak - ukuba loo mngxuma enkulu (ubukhulu - 1.3 x 2.8 km) i kwasekwa entsha ebizwa lwesakhiwo kwiziko yayo.

Ngasekupheleni Pleistocene kuloo ndawo apho kukho ongenagama (mlilo), kwasekwa dacite nkundla. Bekukho 16 ishumi okanye elinanye lamawaka kwiminyaka eyadlulayo kumathambeka ye-mlilo kwakhiwa Ngamagama Stone. Stratovolcano waqalisa ukwenza kwiminyaka 5.500 eyadlulayo. Umsebenzi kwezi ndawo wamnika ngokwayo waziva iminyaka engamawaka amabini.

amaxesha nameless womsebenzi

Ongenagama (mlilo kwi eKamchatka) wawusebenza kule minyaka 2500 edlulileyo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, eli xesha angohlulwa izihlandlo ezithathu. Ngokusekelwe kwiziphawuli ash ubunzima, oko kuthathwa ukuba ukusebenza mzuzu lokufika ithuba zilandelayo:

1. kwiminyaka 2400-1700 eyadlulayo.
2. 13 500-1000.
3. Ukususela 1965 kwada kwanamhla.

Ziqhume. Ongenagama, 1956

Phezu kumathuba mlilo, izazinzulu onokugweba yi nokuqulunqwa yamawa mlilo. Kodwa njengoko dubulo lokugqibela, akuzange kube kudala, kodwa ngenxa kuyo, uyakwazi ukuthetha ngokweenkcukacha ezingakumbi.

Phambi kwakhe ukuphakama mlilo kweemitha 3100. Ngelo xesha, phezu kokuba ichazwe kahle ndawo ububanzi of malunga nesiqingatha sekhilomitha. Kumazantsi kuloo mngxuma yaba enamagumbi cone (ngaphakathi). Kufutshane phezulu kwamathambeka baba imigodi lungqamane mlilo. Nangona lo mlilo uthathwa extinct ixesha elide. Akukho ongewayenako ukuyipopola ukuba ngaphakathi kunokuba ezinye uhlobo umsebenzi apho. Zonke ntshe mlilo. Ngamagama 1956 thaca i "Ndothuka" engalindelekanga, nto leyo ngenkankulu kubizwa ngokuba kumnandi. dubulo yayo ebizwa bafa kuba Kwathi emva kwethuba elide kakhulu kasabatha, eyathatha malunga eliwaka. Ngoko ayimangalisi into yokuba mlilo kugqalwa extinct ixesha elide. Kwaye kuqhuma 1956 wavula ixesha entsha ngokupheleleyo kubomi bakaRafa, leyo ukuya kumhla liqhubeka.

Kutheni Ngamagama ingqalelo extinct?

Kufuneka ke ukuba ukungabikho kweempawu lomsebenzi ngexesha yabangela abathile ngezenzo babangenagama, yaye oko kulilize. Kwaye ke kukho abathile iinzululwazi babecinga ukuba lo mlilo nangoku ekwaziyo ngumothuko. Oku koko kwenzekayo. Ngexesha elifutshane kakhulu, eli ingcamango bugwetyelwe ngokupheleleyo.

Ngowe-1955 Klyuchevskoy Isikhululo seismographs kwabhalwa umothuko wamva ezininzi kanye kwicala babangenagama. Noko ke, le miqondiso ayahlukanga isimo ngokumalunga naye ziingcali. Ngesizathu esithile kubhekwe ukuba isenzeko kungenxa kokufika ikamva icala elandelayo komgodi lo mlilo njengoko Kryuchevsky.

Nango-Oktobha 22 mlilo engenagama weza ebomini ngeendlela engalindelekanga ukuba wonke.

ubomi obutsha mlilo esebenzayo

Dubulo (Ngamagama akucingeleki kakhulu) kwakukho ezikhutshwayo enzima wentaba ababesukele ukuya kubude iikhilomitha ezintlanu. Kodwa ke ngequbuliso loo mlilo zaqala ukuncipha. Uluvo lokuba lo ngokwenene kwaba sekupheleni. Noko ke, yonke into yajika kwagqama ngokwahlukileyo ...

Ngo March 1956 a yesiqalo enkulu wanyikima yonke indawo. amafu Huge wentaba wabalekiselwa ukuphakama ezingamashumi amathathu anesihlanu km. yatshatyalaliswa ngokupheleleyo phezulu mlilo. Endaweni yayo kwakheka ndawo ububanzi of km enye enesiqingatha. Kulo mzekelo, ukuphakama nangoko ethotywe iimitha ezingama-250.

Le dubulo ngokwayo ndalathiswa ukuya ngasempuma.

Nemiphumela emibi kuqhuma

Waba namandla kangangokuba kumgama ozikilometa eziyi-25 yonke imithi ziye elinwabileyo kwaye atshiswe. Isanti eshushu, nothuthu, iingceba ngomaleko omkhulu kakhulu wayifihla ummandla ^{km2 500.} Ngelo xesha satshatyalaliswa phantse bonke utyani. Snow okongezeleke ebusika, nangoko sayeka, batsiba entilini nemiqukuqela yamanzi amdaka. Kukho baphumela yaye wathimba nobutyobo yazo umthi. Amanzi wadlula emfuleni, ezise elininzi amatye kunye nemithi ubumdaka,, ukusuka apho kwasekwa isithintelo ivaleke ngokupheleleyo. flow enetyhefu imihla emininzi amanzi anetyhefu ka eKamchatka, eyenza engafanelekanga ngokupheleleyo ukutyiwa ngabantu. Ukongeza, ubumdaka nesalfure-aqulethe nikhokelwa ekufeni yeentlanzi. Nantsi into emangazayo wamnika mlilo engenagama in eKamchatka.

Emva kokuba mngxuma, kunye ezantsi wakhe waqalisa onokunyuka lwesakhiwo, udaka ebomvu-eshushu. Ngowe-1966, emva kweminyaka elishumi emva dubulo yayo, ngexesha nendawo enyukayo ngasendlwini mlilo waziva ubukho wokuphila kuyo. Maxa wambi ukhe ngeenyawo ngokucacileyo umothuko wamva ngobulungisa namandla, nto leyo kwamaxandeka thaca ukuze kuvuleke nemingxuma enemijelo igesi ezininzi wavuka, enuka nesalfure. asigqitywanga zokugwencela, Kwanyanzeleka ukuba ayeke.

izimanga New-mlilo esebenzayo

Ngoku mlilo engenagama - mlilo asebenzayo eKamchatka. I-mlilo ngowe-1956 kwaba ezinkulu emhlabeni wonke kwixesha langoku zembali. Emva kwesi siganeko, mlilo engenagama uvuswe kabini. Kodwa zombini iqhuma base (1977, 1984). umsebenzi wayo kwaqondakala ngowe-1984 Kodwa sele ngowe-1985, i-mlilo wanikela isimanga entsha.

Barr ezintsha zabhaliswa ekupheleni kukaJuni. iqela mlilo wathunyelwa kwindawo phantsi kolwalathiso Firstova P. P. A Juni 29 engenagama kwakhona liqhuma. Kwakhona kwakukho amadlozi zokukhomba empumalanga. Le kuqhuma yayinamandla kakhulu. Xa amandla yena yesibini ngo-1956. Kwaye kwakhona, akukho namnye ngale evela Nameless. Waye ingqalelo sele sifundile, ukuba uyothuka zakhe ngamaxesha sakuqhela. Eli qela ke waya kuloo ndawo, phantse wafa kunye ngokungummangaliso basinda.

Masithi ilifu evuthayo swii zibe iikhilomitha ezilishumi elinambini, batshatyalaliswa bonke utyani entsha, nto leyo eye nje wabonakala kwindawo eyintlango emva mlilo wokugqibela. Zatshatyalaliswa kunye mlilo izindlu, wakha isibingelelo emazantsi. Ngethamsanqa, ke ngelo xesha nabemi. Dome, emva kokuba dubulo ka 1956, basinda, kodwa Crater kwakhona linyuke.

mbono ungaqhelekanga

Mlilo babe yinqobo isoloko rhoqo "ezilungisele oko." tha kakuhle kunye Nameless. Amava abonisa ukuba kuyimfuneko ukuba kusoloko ukuluqaphela. Nokuba namhlanje kakhulu kuzolile, oko akuthethi nto. Kungekudala zize ebomini. Ngamagama eside rhoqo uzenza ngayo. Kwaye ngalo lonke ixesha yenzeka ngokungalindelekanga. kuqhuma nganye - into emangalisayo, ibangel 'umdla. element Strong umlilo, udaka eshushu, udubulo kwaye izitakantlantsi evela ngamatye. Le bonke ukujaduka mlilo. Ukuba umntu waba ithuba lokuphila zibone lo mba endalo, indoda utshintsha ngonaphakade isimo sakhe ancamathelayo kuzo. Zonke iqhuma Nameless kwenzeka kunye udubulo kakhulu kwaye kakhulu kakubi yonakele.

Uhlobo kunye nefomu babangenagama

Ngu walo mlilo Isakhiwo imele ukubunjwa zejoloji kwi kwesikhoko apho lwentaba uza komhlaba kunye neefom mlilo. Mlilo kakhulu Active zahlulwe zibe esebenzayo, aleleyo and extinct. A ukuyilwa bodwa stratovolcanoes fomu, lengqula, SLAG, kunye nabanye. Ngamagama libhekisela nje mlilo esebenzayo.

Ukongeza, nguye uhlobo Ukwakheka a stratovolcano.

indima nameless kwilizwe volcanology

Hlola kwaye uchaze mlilo baqalisa kuphela kwinkulungwane XVIII. Incwadi yokuqala mlilo ena yapapashwa Krashennikov GP umva ngo-1756. Linemali ulwazi malunga imithombo yamanzi ashushu kunye Anaki kwezi ndawo, kuquka kwi Nameless. Kamva kwakukho nezinye imisebenzi. "Atlas of the mlilo USSR" sade epapashwe kwi leSoviet. Yaye ngowe-1991 kwakukho umsebenzi yanamhlanje mlilo kwi ena Peninsula, apho zazanele eneenkcukacha Anaki ukusebenza. Ngenxa yakhokelela kuqhambuko 1956, engenagama ngonaphakade wangena imbali. Ukususela ngoko, ihlabathi volcanology, uhlobo olutsha - "Engenasihloko" okanye "ngqo udubulo." Ngaphambili, ngokubhekiselele ezinjalo ukuba kungekhona inzululwazi.

Ikamva babangenagama

Mlilo izazinzulu ikwazile ukubuyisela uhlobo Akanalo kule minyaka izizigidi 2.5 yokugqibela. Lithethe ityala izigaba ngaphambili kakhulu kunzima. Ngoko ke, kufunyaniswe ukuba umsebenzi waba umlinganiswa eliguquguqukayo. Ngu umzekeliso kumaxesha angaphambili banokufumana kwizigqibo ezithile malunga nokuziphatha elizayo le-mlilo. Ngoku sinako ngokukhuselekileyo ukuba ngelo xesha lakalokunje engenagama gabhu ibekwe ukuya kwixesha elilandelayo umsebenzi olomeleleyo. Thathela ingqalelo ixesha zeminyaka edlulileyo, oko kuthathwa kunye kungenzeka ephakamileyo umjikelo okhoyo ngoku uya kuthatha iminyaka eli-100 ukuya-200.

Oosonzululwazi nenye inkalo umdla babangenagama wabonwa. Uhlobo dubulo yayo watshintsha malunga 1400 kwiminyaka eyadlulayo. Ukususela sobhedu iphawulwa ukujaduka avela kuye. Ndimele ndithi ukuba ukujaduka ngo-1956 yaba phakathi kwabatyebileyo babo. Ekubeni kukho uxinzelelo ngamaxesha yale isiphumo, oko kuthathwa ukuba kwixa elizayo mlilo uya kunika omnye ukumangala ngohlobo umsebenzi nangakumbi.