I-Confederation. Ngaba imanyano yelizwe okanye uhlobo loorhulumente?

Ukucacisa umxholo we "confederation" iindlela ezininzi ezisetyenzisiweyo. Ngokwesiko, eli gama libonisa uhlobo oluzimeleyo lwesakhiwo seburhulumenteni, apho amazwe awenza ukuba agcine ukuzimela, aneemibutho ezilawulayo kunye namagunya karhulumente. Ngokweminye indlela, i-confederation yifomu eyaneleyo enokuthi ithathelwe ingqalelo kwisakhelo se-federalalism.

Abafundi bokuqonda kwendabuko yekota kubonisa ukuba amazwe awenza ifom yohlobo olulodwa oludibeneyo, olubizwa ukuba lulungelelanise izenzo malunga neenjongo ezithile (umgaqo-nkqubo wangaphandle, umkhosi). Ngaloo ndlela, i-confederation iyimanyano yamazwe ukuba agcine ubukhosi bakhe ngokupheleleyo.

Ukongezelela, ukuzimela kwamalungu omanyano karhulumente ahlala angenakukhutshwa, iipolisa kazwelonke, inkqubo yemali, umkhosi kunye nezinye izakhiwo zihlala zingatshintshi. Njengomthetho, i-confederation yinto yesikhashana. Le nyunyana ibonakala ngexesha elifutshane, ngenjongo yokuxazulula imisebenzi ethile yoluntu. Le mi sebenzi ingaba ukuhlanganisa imizamo kunoma yimuphi ummandla woluntu: ezopolitiko (zangaphakathi okanye zangaphandle), ubugcisa okanye inkcubeko, imicimbi yempi, ezoqoqosho kunye njalo. Ngokuqhelekileyo i-confederation ayinayo imizimba yayo yokulawula nokulawula. Njengomgaqo, i-supervisory, i-supervisory okanye izakhiwo zengcebiso zenziwe.

I-federation kunye ne-confederation ziye zadala ngokubambisana. Nangona kunjalo, ngokwenza okwesibini kunqabile kakhulu.

Ngokwezinye ababhali, i-confederation yindlela yenguqu yenkqubo yesimo senkqubo. Uninzi lwamaxesha amaninzi, yingakho ikhona ixesha elifutshane. Ngoko, umzekelo, kwakukho ngo-1861 i-Confederation of States yaseMzantsi Melika.

Ngaloo nto, kukho uluvo lokuba le fomu ingasetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo kamva. Ngokukodwa, ingaba ngumzekelo wokwakha wefowuni kwiimeko zokuwa kwamagunya amakhulu anempawu zangaphandle zentlangano (njengomzekelo, i-USSR).

Ngaloo ndlela, umanyano wamazwe onokuzimela unamanyano ngesiseko sesivumelwano malunga nokulungelelaniswa kwezenzo kwiinkalo ezithile zeengxaki. Njengomthetho, imiba isonjululwe kwintsimi yezokukhusela, iintlawulo zetyala kunye nenkqubo yokunxibelelana kweposi, umgaqo-nkqubo wangaphandle.

Kukho nezinye iimpawu zenkqubela eyahlula kwezinye iinkqubo zenkqubo yelizwe.

Ngaloo ndlela, umzekelo, amalungu omanyano afundisiweyo ayinayo impembelelo ngqo kwilizwe elizimeleyo. Kwiimeko ezininzi, la mabhunga enza izigqibo zabo ngokuhambelana nokuvumelana phakathi kwamalungu anomdla kunoma yimuphi umba. Kule meko, ukungena ngokusemthethweni kwezigqibo kuza emva kokuvunywa kwabo ngabasemagunyeni kwilizwe ngalinye.

Njengomthetho, i-Confederation ayinayo irhafu kunye neenkqubo zomthetho. Nangona kunjalo, kule fomu karhulumente inokudala indawo enye yezoqoqosho, ivelise enye imali kunye neziko lobemi bobuzwe.

Kwi-confederation, amandla omthetho amaninzi atyelwa ngamabandla e-bicameral, alawulwa ngabaphathi bawo. Akukho mnye umzimba wezomthetho kule sakhiwo. Kunoko, yiBhunga leManyano, elinikezwa ngamandla angancinci. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba kwihlabathi lanamhlanje, ngokuqhelekileyo i-confederation ayibonakali njengolu hlobo lwesakhiwo sombuso, kodwa nje nje ngokuba ngummandla welizwe ozele ukuzimela. Yaye le nyunyana yenziwa ngeenjongo ezithile. Ngaloo ndlela, kukholwa ukuba inkululeko iyinkampani yomthetho wamazwe ngamazwe kunokuba ifom karhulumente.