I-Fonvizin, "I-Non-Horoscope": uhlalutyo lomsebenzi, ukubonakaliswa kwabalinganiswa

Cinga ngeempawu ze-comedy ethi Fonvizin ("I-Minor") idalwe. Uhlalutyo lo msebenzi luxhomekeke kule nqaku. Lo mdlalo ngowona uphando lweencwadi zaseRashiya zangekhulu le-18. Lo msebenzi uqukwa namhlanje kwiNgxowa-mali yesiRashiya. Ichaphazela inani "leengxaki ezingunaphakade". Yaye ubuhle be-syllable ephezulu bukhanga abafundi abaninzi namhlanje. Isihloko salo mdlalo sinxulumene nommiselo owenziwe nguPetros I, ngoko "abangenalwazi" (abafana abatsha) abanqatshelwe ukungena kwinkonzo baze batshata ngaphandle kwemfundo.

Imbali yokudalwa komdlalo

Emuva ngo-1778, ingcamango yale ngqungquthela yavela kumbhali wayo, ngubani u-Fonvizin. "I-Nedorosl", ukuhlalutya apho sinomdla, yabhalwa ngo-1782 kwaye kunyaka oye waboniswa kuluntu. Sifanele sichaze ngokufutshane ixesha lokudala umdlalo osithandayo.

Ngethuba lolawulo lukaCatherine II, uBenvizin wabhala "uNedorosl". Ukuhlaziywa kwamaqhawe, okuboniswe ngezantsi, kubonisa ukuba babe ngamaqhawe ngexesha labo. Ukulawula kukaCatherine II ekuphuhlisweni kwelizwe lethu kudibene nokulawulwa kweengcamango zobukhosi obukhanyisiweyo. Bayibolekwe yiRashiya evela kwiSikolo saseBuFrance. Ubuninzi bobukhosi babenegalelo ekuhanjisweni kwezi ngcamango, ukuthandwa kwabo phakathi kwe-philistinism ephakamileyo kunye nobuhle. Yena, njengoko waziwayo, uhambelana noDidierot, uVoltaire, u-Alembert. Ukongeza, uCatherine II wavula amathala eencwadi kunye nezikolo, waxhasa ukuphuhliswa kobugcisa nenkcubeko eRashiya ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo.

Ukuqhubela phambili ukuchaza uhlaziyo oludlulileyo. D. Fonvizin ("oMncinci") wadala, ahlalutye iimpawu zalo, kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba, njengommeli wenkcubeko yakhe, umlobi ngokungenakuqinisekana wabelana ngeengcamango ezazibekwe kwixesha elihle kuluntu oluhle. Wazama ukubonakalisa emsebenzini wakhe, phambi kwabafundi kunye nababukeli, ekutyhiliseni nje ixesha elihle, kodwa ebonisa iziphene kunye neziphene.

"Nedorosl" - umzekelo weklasiki

Uhlalutyo lwe-comedy "Minor" i-Fonvizin ludinga ukuqwalasela lo mdlalo njengenxalenye yenkcubeko nenkcubeko. Lo msebenzi uthathwa njengomnye wemimiselo emihle yeklasiki. Kulo mdlalo, kukho ubunye bezenzo (akufumani iimbali ezincinane, kuphela umzabalazo wesandla sikaSophia kunye nezinto zakhe ezichazwe), indawo (abalinganiswa abahambeli imida ende, zonke iziganeko zenzeke malunga neNdlu yeProstakovs, okanye ngaphakathi) kunye nexesha Akukho ngaphaya komhla ohlala kuzo zonke iziganeko). Ukongeza, wayethetha "ukuthetha" amagama, okuqhelekileyo kumdlalo weklasini, i-Fonvizin ("i-Minor"). Uhlalutyo lubonisa ukuba, ngokulandela isithethe, wahlula abalinganiswa bakhe ukuba babe neempembelelo ezintle. Okulungileyo - lo Pravdin, Starodum, Milo, Sophia. Bachaswa nguProstakov, Mitrofan, Skotinin DI Fonvizin (umdlalo "I-Nedorosl"). Uhlalutyo lwamagama abo lubonisa ukuba banika umfundi ukuba aqonde ukuba yintoni impawu emfanekisweni womlingiswa okhoyo. Ngokomzekelo, ukuziphatha komntu kunye nenyaniso kumsebenzi nguPravdin.

Uhlobo olutsha lomdlalo, iimpawu zalo

"I-Non-Alaska" ngexesha lokudalwa kwakuyinyathelo elibalulekileyo phambili ekuphuhlisweni kweencwadi zelizwe lethu, ngokukodwa, umdlalo. UDenis Ivanovich Fonvizin wadala uhlobo olutsha lomdlalo wezopolitiko noluntu. Idibanisa ngokudibanisa uchungechunge lweengqungquthela, ezibukhali, ukuhleka kwezinto ezibonakalayo ezivela ebomini babantu abathile abaqhelekileyo bentlalo ephakamileyo (abahloniphekileyo) kunye neentshumayelo zokuziphatha, ubuhle, isidingo sokufundisa iimpawu zomntu ezazizibonakaliso zezikhanyiso. Iingqungquthela ezifundisayo kule meko, ukuqonda komdlalo akuyithwala. Bawongezela lo msebenzi, ngenxa yoko kuba unzulu.

Isenzo sokuqala

Umdlalo ulwahlula kwizenzo ezi-5, umbhali wazo ngu-Fonvizin ("oMncinci"). Uhlalutyo lomsebenzi luquka inkcazo yentlangano yombhalo. Kwisenzo sokuqala sifana neProstakov, Pravdin, Sofya, Mitrofan, Skotinin. Abalinganiswa bebalinganiswa babonakala kwangangoko, kwaye umfundi uyaqonda ukuba i-Skotinin kunye neProstakov bangabalingiswa ababi , ngoxa uSophia noPravdin banomdla. Kwisenzo sokuqala kukho ukuboniswa kunye nokuqala kwalo msebenzi. Kulo mboniso sifana namaqhawe, sifunde ukuba ekunakekeleni kweProstakovs Sophia, abaye baceba ukunikela kwi-Skotinin. Ukufunda ileta evela kwi-Starodom yindawo yokudlala. U-Sophia ngoku uya kuba ngumntu ocebileyo. Usuku ngalunye umalume wakhe ubuya kumthabatha intombazana kuye.

Ukuphuhliswa kweziganeko kumdlalo, obizwa ngokuba yi-Fonvizin ("I-Minor") eyadalwa

Uhlalutyo lomsebenzi luya kuqhubeka kunye nenkcazo yendlela iimeko eziphuhlisiwe ngayo. 2, i-3 ne-4 izenzo zentuthuko yazo. Siyamazi ngeSododum kunye neMilo. I-Prostakov ne-Skotinin bazame ukukholisa i-Starodum, kodwa ukunyaniseka kwabo, ukunyaniseka, ukungazi kwaye unxanxankulu olunzulu lwenzuzo lugxotha. Babonakala banobudenge kwaye behlekisa. Umntu osisigxina kakhulu kulo msebenzi nguhlolisiso lweMitrofan, apho ububudenge bengekho kuphela le nsizwa, kodwa nonina utyhila.

Culmination kunye ne-denouement

Isenzo sesithandathu siyi-cultion kunye ne-denouement. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba iingcamango zabaphandi malunga neliphi iphuzu kufuneka libhekwe njengento yokuphela. Kukho iinguqulelo ezidumileyo ezi-3. Ngokweyokuqala, oku kukuthunjwa kuka-Prostakov ka-Sophia, ngokwesibili, ufunda incwadi kaPravdin, ethi u-Prostakova uyaphumelela, kwaye ekugqibeleni, inguqu yesithathu - ulaka luka-Prostakov emva kokuba eqonda ukungaziphathi kwakhe kwaye uzama " "Kwizicaka zabo. Ngolunye lwale nguqulelo lusebenza, kuba lubona umsebenzi wokwenza umdla kumanqaku ahlukeneyo. Owokuqala, umzekelo, ukhankanya umgca webali owenzelwe umtshato kaSophia. Uhlalutyo lwesiganeko se-Comvivi's comedy "I-Minor" ehambelana nomtshato, ngokwenene, yenza kube lula ukumbona njengento ephambili emsebenzini. Ingqungquthela yesibini ibona umdlalo kwinjongo yezopolitiko kunye nezopolitiki, ukugqamisa umzuzu xa ubulungisa bunqoba kwifa. Ingqwalasela yesithathu yembali, ngokwemiqathango yokuba iProvakov yindlela yokubonakalisa imingcipheko yexesha elide kunye neengcamango zabantu abadala, kodwa, nangona kunjalo, bengakholelwa ekunqobeni kwabo. Lo mbutho, ngokubhekiselele kumbhali, usekelwe ekungazini, ukungabikho kwemfundo kunye nemilinganiselo yokuziphatha ephantsi. Ngethuba le-denouement, wonke umntu ushiya iPostakov. Wayenanto engashiyayo. Ukubhekisela kuyo, i-Starodum ithi ezi "ziqhamo ezifanelekileyo" "zobubi".

Abalinganiswa ababi

Njengoko sele siqaphele, abalinganiswa abasemqoka bahluke ngokucacileyo ukuba bangabonakali kwaye bahle. I-Mitrofan, i-Skotinin ne-Prostakov ziyiqhawe elibi. Prostakova ngumfazi okhangela inzuzo, engafundile, onobungangamsha, olawulayo. Unako ukunyanzela inzuzo. Nangona kunjalo, uPostakov uyamthanda unyana wakhe. Umfazi othi "Shadow" uvela eProstakov. Lo ngumfanekiso ongenaluthando. Igama lakhe lithetha lincinci. I-Skotinin ngumzalwana kaNksk Prostakova. Lo ngumntu ongeyanga kwaye onesidenge, onobukrakra, njengodadewabo, unomdla kwimali. Kuye, ukuhamba kwiihagu kwipayili yinto engcono. UMitrofan unyana oqhelekileyo unina. Le yindoda eneminyaka engama-16 eyonakalisiwe, eyayithatha ilifa lomalume wakhe ngentshontshi.

Imibuzo yobudlelwane kunye nobudlova

Kulo mdlalo, ku funeka kuqatshelwe, indawo ebalulekileyo inikwe umbandela wobudlelwane kunye nobudlova be-Fonvizin ("iNedorosl"). Ukuhlalutya lo mbuzo, masithi, umzekelo, ukuba u-Prostakova utshatile umyeni wakhe (umntu "olula" ongafuni kakhulu). Nangona kunjalo, u-Skotinina uqobo, kunye nomntakwabo. Indodana yakhe inamathele iimpawu zabazali bakhe bobabini - "izilwanyana" zobungakanani kunye nobuwula obuvela kumama kunye nokungabi nantando yothando evela kubaba.

Unxulumano olufanayo lweentsapho lunokulandelwa phakathi kukaSophia kunye ne-Starodum. Bobabini bathembekile, bahle, bafundiswe. Intombazana iphulaphula umalume wayo ngokucophelela, imhlonela, "iyamkela" inzululwazi. Iimbini zenkcaso zidala amaqhawe angenayo. Abantwana bayisithakazelo iMitrofan kunye nobumnene nohlakaniphile uSophia. Abazali bathanda abantwana, kodwa baphathwa ngendlela eyahlukileyo ekukhuliseni kwabo - iintetho ze-Starodub kwizihloko zinyaniso, inhlonipho, ukuziphatha, kunye neProstakov kuphela iimpapa zikaMitrofan kwaye uthi akadingi imfundo. Abaphathi beesibini - uMilo, obona umzekelo kunye nomhlobo wakhe ku-Sophia, owamthandayo, kunye no-Skotinin, obala i-fortune uya kufumana emva kokutshata le ntombazana. U-Sophia ngexesha elifanayo njengomntu ongenomdla. I-Skotinin akayi kuzama ukuxhobisa umtshakazi wakhe ngokuhlala ngokukhululekile. U-Prostakov noPravdin ngokwenene "ilizwi le nyaniso", "abaphicothi-zincwadi". Kodwa kumntu wegosa sifumana amandla asebenzayo, uncedo kunye nenyathelo lokwenene, kunye neProstakov ngumntu ongekho. Into yodwa le nqhawe ayengayithetha kukuba yayiyihlambalaza uMitrofan ekupheleni komdlalo.

Iingxaki ezibhaliweyo umbhali

Ukuhlalutya umsebenzi we-Fonvizin, kuyacaca ukuba nganye yezi zibini ezichazwe ngasentla zibonisa ingxaki eyahlukileyo ebonakalayo kumsebenzi. Le yinkalo yemfundo (eyongezwa ngumzekelo wabafundisi beCateikin, kunye nabakhohlisi abanjengoVralman), ukukhuliswa, oobawo nabantwana, ubomi bentsapho, ubudlelwane phakathi kwabatshatileyo, ubudlelwane babantu abahloniphekileyo kubakhonzi. Ngokusebenzisa i-lens yemibono yezemfundo, nganye yezi ngxaki zihlolwa. U-Fonvizin, ingqwalasela yakhe, ukunyusa ukungaphumeleli kwexesha ngokusebenzisa iindlela zobuqhetseba, kugxininisa isidingo sokutshintsha iziseko ezidlulileyo, zemveli, ezingenanto. Bahudula ububudenge, ubungendawo bangena emanzini, bafanise abantu nezilwanyana.

Njengoko kuboniswe uhlalutyo lomdlalo kaPensvizin "I-Minor", ingcamango ephambili kunye nomxholo womsebenzi kukufuneka ukuba ufundise ubuqaqawuli ngokuhambelana neengcamango zomgaqo-siseko, iziseko zazo zisasebenza namhlanje.