I-fish uek (capelin): inkcazo, indawo yokuhlala, ukubaluleka koqoqosho

Namhlanje siza kuthetha ngentlanzi ye-fish. Sifunda konke ngeentlanzi, malunga nokuba phila khona, indlela yokuzala kunye nezinto ezintle eziphathekayo. Konke okufuneka ukwazi nge capelin, funda kwinqaku elingezantsi.

Izitya zentlanzi zihlala zithandwa kakhulu. Ukuba unako ukulungiselela ngokufanelekileyo ukutya kwezilwanyana zasemanzini, awukwazi nje kuphela ukutya okumnandi, kodwa kunokuba luncedo ukutya. Ukusetyenziswa rhoqo kweentlanzi kunempembelelo enkulu kwiimeko zempilo yabantu. Kubalulekile ukuba umgangatho weentlanzi, kunye neemeko zokusetyenziswa kwazo. Ukuba zonke iimeko zidibene, ungadla iintlanzi rhoqo.

Kuthetha ntoni "capelin"?

Igama elithi "capelin" linezimpande ezindala. Kuthathwa kwiilwimi zeqela laseKarelian-isiFinnish. Iilwimi ezifanayo kwiiLwimi zesiFinnish kunye neKarelian zithetha intlanzi encinci, esetyenziswe njengenhlanzi xa ibamba ikhodi. Nangona kunjalo, intlanzi ye-capelin nayo inegama lesithathu-i-capelan yentlanzi.

Inkcazelo yeentlanzi

Ulwandle lwama-ray ray-ray lunamagama amathathu, njengoko sesele siqonde. I-capelin yintlanzi edlalayo. Kuyo yentsapho ye-smelt.

Ngaba unomzimba wemilo evulekileyo, e-oblate emacaleni. Ekude, inokufikelela kwi-15 ukuya kwi-25 cm, kwaye isisindo - ukuya kuma-54 g.Izikali kulo lonke umzimba lilingana nobukhulu obufanayo: ezo zifumaneka kwicala lesisu kunye kunye nomgca we-lateral zikhudlwana nje kunezo ezigubungela umva. Intloko yentlanzi ibuncinane, kodwa inomtsalane omlomo. Amathambo omhlathi ophezulu afikelela phakathi kwamehlo. Ngokuphathelele amazinyo, zininzi, zincinci kwaye ziphuhliswa kakuhle.

Inxalenye yentlanzi ibonwa njengemingcingo ngomda omnyama. Iimpawu zeepectoral zinomxholo ojikeleziweyo, kanti iifom ze-dorsal zinyanzelisiwe. Amacala kunye nesisu seentlanzi ze-capelin zi-silvery nge-outflow emhlophe, kwaye umqolo uhlaza.

Ukwahlukana phakathi kwesetyhini kunye nendoda

Intlanzi inesici esichaphazelekayo, yinto eyahlukileyo phakathi kwowesetyhini kunye nendoda, ebonakala kwiso. Indoda inamaphiko amade, umzimba wayo unamathuba amaninzi kunomzimba wowesetyhini, kwaye inhloko inomzimba obunzima. Ngethuba lexesha lokuzalisa ecaleni kwesisu, abafana banezinwele ezinjengezikali ezenza indawo ephilileyo. Ubomi obuninzi bentlanzi ayikho ngaphezu kweminyaka eyi-10.

Iintlobo

I-capelin yeentlanzi ifana negama elifanayo. Abanye abaphandi, ukuze kube lula ukwenza ingxelo, bawahlula kwi-subspecies ezi-2 ngokwemigaqo yendawo yokuhlala. Okwangoku, phawula phakathi kwePacific kunye ne-Atlantic capelin.

Ndingayifumana phi na?

Le ntlanzi encinci ikhetha amanzi olwandle. Uhlala kwindawo engama-300 m. Kwezinye iimeko, unokuhla ukuya kuma-700 m. Umquba we-smelt awusoze ugibele emzimbeni wamanzi okanye emifula. Indawo efanelekileyo yokuloba iintlanzi ngamanzi olwandle. Kuphela ngexesha lokuzaliswa kweentlanzi kufike intlanzi ukuya kumanxweme.

I-Atlantic capelin inokufumaneka kwii-Arctic ne-Atlantic yolwandle. Kwakhona kwenzeka eLabrador naseDasis Strait, kufuphi noLwandle lwaseGreenland, emanzini aseChukchi, White, Kara, Barents naseLaptev yolwandle.

I-capelin yasePasifiki ihlala kwicala elisenyakatho yolwandle, elibophelelwe kwisiqithi saseVancouver kunye nommandla waseKorea. Impahla emininzi yeentlanzi ezincinci ingafumaneka kwiindawo zaseJapan, eBering naseOkhotsk.

Ukunikezelwa kwamandla

Njengoko kwakushiwo ngaphambili, intlanzi yase-uk iyisidlo. Ukutya kwalo kuqulethwe izibungu ze-shrimp, i-zooplankton kunye ne-fish roe. Kwakhona i-capelin idla ama-crustaceans amancinci kunye nama- worms. Ngenxa yokuba i-fish isentlanzi echaphazelekayo, idinga amandla amaninzi. Yingakho nangona kwiinyanga ezinzima, i-capelin ayiyeki ukutya.

Ukuhlawula

Okokuqala, kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ukuzaliswa kweentlanzi ngokuxhomekeke ngqo kwiindawo ezihlala kuyo. I-capelin, ehlala kumanxweme asentshona ePacific naseLwandle lwe-Atlantic, ivelisa entwasahlobo nasehlobo. I-capelin, ehlala empuma ye-Atlantic, iyaqhubeka nale nkqubo ekuwa. Intlanzi, ehlala kumanzi asempuma yeLwandle lwasePacific, ivelisa yonke ikwindla.

Ngaphambi kokuya kwindawo yokuhluma, imfuyo encinci iqokelela kwi-multimillion shoals. Ezinye izilwanyana ezondla i-capelin zihendwa yilo lixhoba kwaye liphishekela. I-Moyve kufuneka iphephe i-gulls, iimpawu, imikhomo kunye nekhodi. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ngexesha lokuzaliswa kwezi ntlanzi ngaselunxwemeni, ziphonswa ngaphandle kwezigidi.

Ziziphi iindawo apho i-capelin ikhetha ukuzala? Ngokuqhelekileyo yindawo enkulu yomdaka, onobunzulu obunzulu kunye nesihlabathi esisezantsi. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ezinye izikolo zeentlanzi zikhetha ukuhluma ngokukhawuleza, zifike kumashumi emitha. Ukuze inkqubo iphumelele, ukushisa kwamanzi kufuneka kube malunga no-2-3 ° C. I-oksijeni ibaluleke kakhulu. Ukuchumisa enye yezazisetyhini, kufuneka amadoda amabini adibeneyo, ahamba kunye nawo kwicala ngalinye. Ngoncedo lomsila, abesilisa benza izimbobo ezincinci ezantsi, apho isetyhini ibeka amaqanda. Amaqabunga anamathele kakhulu, ngoko ke banamathela kwizantsi. Ubuninzi bawo bufikelela ku-0.5-1.2 mm. Inani leamaqanda alindileyo lixhomekeke kwindawo yokuhlala. Le nombolo inokutshintshela kwimida engumda: ukusuka kuma-5 ukuya kuma-39 amaqhekeza amawaka. Emva kokuphosa i-caviar, intlanzi ibuyela kwindawo yayo yendalo. Abanye abantu baya kuphinda bahlume, kodwa bahlala befa, bebuya.

Ukumalunga nomhla wama-28 emva kokuchumisa i-larva ebonakalayo, ngeli xesha lifikelela kuma-5-7 mm. Ukuhamba kwabo kwangoko kufaka elwandle oluvulekileyo, apho baqhubela kuba ngabanye abantu abadala okanye bafe, beba ukutya kwezinye izilwanyana. Amantombazana amancinci aqala ukuvuthwa ngokwesini kunyaka ozayo, kodwa abesilisa banako ukuhluma emva kweenyanga ezili-13-15.

Iimpawu eziwusizo

Ukubamba i-capelin iyasebenza kakhulu, kwaye yonke into ngenxa yokuba isitya esivumelekileyo kuyo yonke itafile. Iintlanzi zihlala zibanjwe kwimimandla emikhulu, enokufikelela kwizigidi ezi-0.5 ngonyaka. Akuyona nje intle yentlanzi, nangona ibalulekile. Ixabiso layo le-caloric eliphantsi lixabiswa kakhulu, okwenza kube yimphambili enkulu yezonka zokutya ezininzi. I-Cocktail yenziwe ngamaprotheni alula. Umxholo wabo entlanzi malunga nama-23%. Ukongezelela, kuba zikhona ezimbalwa izicubu ezinxibelelwano kwiintlanzi, zilungiselelwe ngokukhawuleza.

Nangona kunjalo, akuyena nje loo capelin yinto edlayo kunye nesondlo. Phakathi kwezinye izinto, kusetyenziswa kakhulu. Intlanzi iqukethe i-polyunsaturated fatty acids. Banokunciphisa kakhulu izinga le-cholesterol, eqokelelwa kwiindonga zemithambo yegazi. Ukusetyenziswa rhoqo kwe-capelin yokutya kunokusebenza njenge-arhente ekhuselekileyo yokukhusela, isifo senhliziyo nesifo senhliziyo.

Inyama yale ntlanzi iqukethe iivithamini A, D, B, ezifunekayo ukuze umzimba womntu usebenze ngokufanelekileyo. Kwakhona, intlanzi icebile kwiiminerali: i-sodium, i-potassium, i-phosphorus, eyimfuneko yokuthintela ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo kunye nokuphuculwa komsebenzi wecinga lomntu, kunye ne-iodine, edlala indima enkulu ekusebenzeni kwegciwane le-thyroid.

I-Capelin ngumveliso ongaqhelekanga oqhelekileyo ukuvelisa ushukela egazini kwaye unokuba negalelo ekunciphiseni kwemida. Njengoko uyakubona, intlanzi iyisithako esingenakungenakulungiswa sabantu abanesifo sikashukela, abancinci kunye nabantu ababukele impilo yabo.

Kule meko, intlanzi inezinye iinkcazo. Akufanele kudliwe ngabantu abanokunyamezela. Akukhuthazwa ukuba udle inhlanzi ngobuninzi kakhulu, kuba umxholo ophezulu wezinto ezinobungozi kuwo ungabangela inxaxheba ekuphuhliseni izicubu ezibi. Ngaphandle kokusetyenziswa kakuhle, inani elikhulu leepasisiti lingahlala kwiintlanzi, eziza kubakhokelela ekuphuhlisweni kwezifo ezininzi.

Kubaluleke koqoqosho

Iintlanzi zesigxina kwiSakhalin zibaluleke kakhulu kwezoqoqosho. Okokuqala, kufuneka kuthethwe ukuba le yintlanzi yorhwebo. Ubungakanani bawo kwimvelo bukhulu, ngoko kubanjwa kwiminyaka ethile kudlule iitoni ezigidi ezi-4. Ukususela ngo-2005 ukuya ku-2009, ukubanjwa kwale ntlanzi kwanyuka kwiiyunithi ezingama-270-750 zamawaka. Ngo-2012, i-world catch of uwu idlula i-1 million tons. Intlanzi enkulu kakhulu ibanjwe kwiintlanzi zorhwebo. Umzimba wakhe ufikelela kuma-20 cm ubude.

Inyaniso

Unyaka ngamnye kwisixeko saseRussia saseMurmansk sigubha umthendeleko ngokuhlonipha le ntlanzi. Ukubhiyozelwa kwenzeka ekuqaleni kukaMatshi. Ngeli xesha kwiindawo ezihamba phambili zesixeko ungazama iintlobo ezininzi zeitya kwi capelin kwaye uthenge ngobuninzi bemali ekhangayo.

Abemi beCanada ekuqaleni kwehlobo abayifuni ukuphuma kwiimarike okanye kwivenkile ukuze baphathe abathandekayo babo ngesidlo esimnandi esivela kwi-capelin. Kwanele nje ukuba uhambe ummandla kwaye uqokelele iintlanzi ezininzi njengoko ufuna.

I-Peninsula yaseKola idume ngokuba kukho ininzi enkulu yeentaka ezihlala kuyo. Yibangelwa kukuba kunxweme kukho inqwaba ye capelin, ekhonza njengesiseko sokutya kwababemi beentaba zeefeninsula.

Ukufingqa i-capelin kwinqaku, ndingathanda ukuthetha ukuba le ntlanzi ibaluleke kakhulu ekudleni kwabo bonke abathandayo izitya zentlanzi. Awukwazi ukukhanyela iipropati ezixhamlayo ezicebile kakhulu. Oogqirha bancomela ukuba badla rhoqo umququzeleli weentlanzi ekutya ukukhusela uxinzelelo lwegazi. Kule meko, ukusetyenziswa rhoqo kwe-capelin kunokukhokelela kwimiphumo emibi. Njengokuba kukho konke, ibhalansi iyadingeka apha. Ukuba uyayithanda kakhulu le ntlanzi kwaye akafuni ukuyinika, yithenge kuphela kubathengisi abathembekileyo kunye ntsha. I-capelin etshayiweyo evela kwivenkile elisondeleyo ayikho imveliso enokuzisa nayiphi na inzuzo emzimbeni.