Ulwandle oluMnyama: abemi bezinzulu. Ifoto kunye nencazelo

Ngubani obengenani ubuncinane kwiNxweme eliMnyama kuLwandle oluMnyama, akazange adibelele kwisangqa esicacileyo esicacileyo, akazange ahlasele kwiindawo ezinxweme zamatye ngaphantsi kweemvula zasehlobo okanye ekwindla, mhlawumbi walahlekelwa kakhulu! Kwaye ngokufudumala, njengobisi olutsha, amanzi, ngokuqinisekileyo, siye sadibana nabemi baseLwandle oluMnyama: yingozi kwaye ayininzi. Ngokumalunga nabani abahlala kwelinye lolwandle olukhethekileyo lwehlabathi, funda kwinqaku lethu.

Ubume bendalo

ULwandle oluMnyama, zombini olubunjwayo kunye noluhlobo lokuhlaliswa kwezidalwa kunye nezilwanyana eziphilayo, luyingqayizivele kwaye luyodwa. Ikwahlula ngokubanzi kwiindawo ezimbini ezahlukeneyo. Kuya kwe-150, ngezinye iimitha ezingama-200, kukho indawo ye-oxygen, apho kuhlala khona abantu baseLwandle oluMnyama. Into engaphantsi kwemitha engama-200 yindawo ye-hydrogen sulphude engenabomi kunye nokuhlala ngaphezu kwama-85% wamanzi amaninzi. Ngoko ukuhlala kunokwenzeka kuphela apho kukho i-oxygen (ngaphantsi kwe-15% yommandla).

Ngubani ohlala apha?

Abahlali baseLwandle oluMnyama bangama-algae kunye nezilwanyana. Iintlobo ezilikhulu zokuqala, iyesibini - ezingaphezu kweyesibini nesiqingatha lamawaka. Phakathi kwezi, i-500 ayikho i-unicellular, i-1900 ayiyi-invertebrates, i-185 yintlanzi, kwaye i-4 iyimfuyo.

Phytoplankton

ULwandle Olumnyama ... abemi balo - zonke iintlobo ze-algae: i-ceratsium, i-peridinium, i-excuvilla nabanye. Ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, i-pega of algae reproduction iyakubonwa. Ngamanye amaxesha kubonakala ukuba amanzi aguqula umbala wayo, avela kwi-brown and blue brown. Oku kungenxa yokuhlukana okwandisiweyo kweplankton (ukuqhutywa kwamanzi). Rhizosolenia, i-hetoceros, kunye ne-skletonoma zanda ngokukhawuleza. Nangona ukuzaliswa ngokukhululeka kwe-phytoplankton kufikelelwe ekuqaleni nasekuphakathi kwehlobo. Phakathi kwe-algae ephantsi, kunokuthi kuqaphele i-phyllophora, engaphezulu kwe-90% yesilinganisi esisonke. I-Phyllophora iyaqheleka ngasenyakatho-ntshona. I-Cystoseira, enye i-algae, ixhaphake kakhulu kufuphi nxweme elisemzantsi yeCrimea. Kukho ubomi obuninzi befry, ukondla kunye nokuhlala phakathi kwe-algae (iintlobo ezingaphezu kwezi-30 zeentlanzi).

Izilwanyana zeBenthic

Phakathi kwezilwanyana ezihlala emhlabathini okanye phantsi kwebheddi yolwandle (i-benthos) - ezahlukeneyo ezingenayo i-crayfish kunye ne-crayfish, iimbungu, i-rhizomes, i-anemones yolwandle kunye ne-mollusks. I-Benthos ifaka i-gastropods, umzekelo, yonke i-rapana, kunye nabanye abemi boLwandle oluMnyama. Uluhlu lunokuqhubeka: i-mussel, scallop, i- mollusks-ipil-gill. Iintlanzi: i-flounder, stingray, inqana yolwandle, i- ruff nabanye. Benza isityalo esisodwa. Kwaye kunye nokutya omnye.

Jellyfish

Abemi basigxina boLwandle oluMnyama banamajellyfish, amakhulu kunye amancinci. I-Cornerot yi-jellyfish enkulu, eqhelekileyo. Ubungakanani bodome besiya ngezinye izikhathi kufinyelela kwisiqingatha semitha. I-Cornerot inetyhefu, inokubangela ukulimala okufana nokutshiswa kwe-nettle. Bangela ubomvu obumnene, uvutha, ngamanye amaxesha - i-blisters. Ukuba le jellyfish enkulu enomdaka obomvu ngokungafaki, kuyimfuneko ukuthatha isandla kwicala, ubambe phezulu kwaye ungathinti iintente.

I-Aurelia yinto encinci ye-jellyfish yoLwandle oluMnyama. Akayena onobuthi njengomntakwabo, kodwa udibana naye kufuneka aphephe.

I-Shellfish

Abemi beLwandle oluMnyama basemanzini, ii-oysters, scallops, kunye nama-rapans. Zonke ezi i-shellfish zidliwayo kwaye zimela izinto ezibonakalayo zokutya ezidliwayo. Ngokomzekelo, ii-oyster kunye ne-mussels zixhomekeke ngokukhethekileyo. Ama-Oyster azimisele kakhulu kwaye angenza ngaphandle kwamanzi malunga neveki ezimbini. Bayahlala iminyaka engama-30. Ukutya kwabo kuthathwa njengobunzima.

AmaMussels ahlambulukanga. Ngamanye amaxesha kwiigobolondo ezinkulu zifumana iparele, ngokuqhelekileyo umbala obomvu. IiMassels zihluzi zamanzi olwandle. Ngexesha elifanayo, yonke into eqokelelwe kuyo ekhethiweyo. Ngoko ke, banokudliwa kuphela ngokucwangciswa ngokucophelela, kwaye kungcono ukunqanda ukutya kweemissels ezikhulile kwichweba okanye kwezinye iindawo ezinamanzi angcolileyo.

Abemi baseLwandle oluMnyama bahlaselwa. Le mollusc ekhethekileyo inokuhamba emanzini, isebenzisa amandla asebenzayo. Ngokukhawuleza utyholisa iigobolondo zetinki kwaye ithathwa ngumlambo wamanzi umgama ongaphezu kweemitha. Iingqumbo zinelikhulu elinamabini. Kodwa konke oku, le mollusc iyimpumputhe! Laba ngabemi abangabonakaliyo olwandle.

KuLwandle oluMnyama lufumaneka kunye nokudlwengula. Le mollusc iyisidlo, kwaye ixhoba layo liyinto efana neye-oyster. Kodwa unempilo enomdla kakhulu, ekhumbuza i-sturgeon, apho ufumana isobho esikhulu.

Amakha

Ingqikithi kukho iintlobo ezilishumi elinesibhozo kwindawo yamanzi. Zonke azifinyeleli ubukhulu obukhulu. Enkulu kakhulu ibomvu. Kodwa akayi ngaphezu kweesentimitha ezingama-20 ububanzi.

Intlanzi

KuLwandle oluMnyama, kukho iintlobo ezili-180 zeentlobo zonke zeentlanzi, kubandakanywa: i-sturgeon, i-beluga, i-anchovy, i-herring, i-tulka, i-horse mackerel, i-tanki, i-faround, i-goby. Ngokukhawuleza ibhukuda intlanzi yentlanzi. Kukho ihashe yolwandle, inaliti-inaliti, iqhubi lolwandle, nolwandle.

Iintlanzi zorhwebo-i-mullet, eninzi yeentlobo zintathu, ithwele umlotha, ungeniswe kwiLwandle laseJapan waza waba yinto yokuloba. Ngenxa yongcoliseko lwamanzi olunamandla, i-mullet yabantu isandula ukuhla.

Phakathi kweempompo zangaphambili - intlanzi ye- starfish okanye inkomo yezilwandle. Uthengela kwi-silt ngokujulile, ngokokuba phezu komhlaba kwavezwa enye i-antennaic, efana nokubonakala kwembungu. I-Antenna intlanzi ikhweba iintlanzi ezincinci kwaye zondla kuzo.

Inaliti yaselwandle kunye nehashe ayifuni emanzini, kodwa ekhunjeni kwesikhumba emasemva emaduna, apho ihlala khona ukufikelela kwisiphetho sefry. Kuyathakazelisa ukuba amehlo ale ntlanzi angabonakala kwiindlela ezihlukeneyo kwaye ajikeleze ngokuzenzekelayo ngokumalunga nomnye.

IStvrida isasazwa kuyo yonke indawo yonxweme yamanzi yolwandle. Ubude bayo buyi-10-15 cm. Isisindo - ukuya kwi-75 gram. Ngamanye amaxesha uphila iminyaka emithathu. Ixhasa iintlanzi ezincinci kunye ne-zooplankton.

I-Pelamida isihlobo sakwa-mackerel. Ifikelela ubude obufikelela kuma-centimitha angama-75, iphila iminyaka eyi-10. Le ntlanzi inxantathu, isondlo kwaye ikhula kwiLwandle oluMnyama, ngenxa yebusika ishiya kwi-Bosporus.

Iibhokhwe zimelelwa ziintlobo ezili-10. Inkulu kunazo zonke i-martovik, okanye i-toad. Iyona mininzi imithi ejikelezileyo.

Zelenushek elwandle - 8 iintlobo. Bondla kwiimbungu kunye neelluski. Ngethuba lexesha lokuzala, izilwanyana zakhiwa phakathi kwamatye.

I-Flounder-kalkan iphinda ivele kwiLwandle oluMnyama yonke indawo. Udla iintlanzi kunye namaqabunga. Kufikelela ubunzima beekhilogram ezili-12. Kukho ezinye iintlobo zeentambo.

I-Scuttail isihlobo sokrkki. Udla ama-crabs, shellfish, ama-shrimp. Ingaba ngumsila inaliti ene-barbs, ixhotywe ngogonyamelo olunetyhefu. Injoza yakhe ngomntu ibuhlungu kakhulu, ngamanye amaxesha iyabulala.

Isithethi, okanye iisanti zolwandle, ngokuqhelekileyo ziyafika entwasahlobo nasehlotyeni xa e tyelela la manzi ukuze azalise. Ixhasa i-zooplankton. Ubunzima be-perch bufikelele kwigramu ezili-100. Kuqwalaselwa njengenye yezona ntlobo eziphambili zemveliso yomlobi wolwandle.

Sargan - intlanzi ixesha elide kunesiqingatha semitha, i-arrow-shaped, kunye nenkuni ephakamileyo. I-Spawn ngoMeyi-Agasti. Ukufuduka kunye nama-hibernates eLwandle lwaseMarmara.

ULuffar ubhekisela kwiintlanzi ezisendle kunye neenkomo. Ubunzima ukuya kwii-kilogram ezili-10, kufinyelela kumitha ubude. IQumrhu leentlanzi lisuka kumacala. Umlomo omkhulu, kunye nemisundu emikhulu. Ukutya kuphela kwiintlanzi. Ngaphambili kwakuqwalaselwa njengorhwebo.

Sharks

I-Catran (okanye inja yolwandle) ayifane ikhule ifike kwiimitha ezimbini. I-cat shark (i-scillium) - ngaphezulu kweemitha. Ezi zintlobo zeentlanzi ezimbini, ezifumaneka kwiLwandle oluMnyama, azibonakalisi nengozi kubantu. Kodwa kwiintlobo ezininzi zeentlanzi, ezi ziyingozi. Izilwanyana (kunye nesibindi kunye namaqhekeza) zisetyenziselwa ukulungiselela izitya ezahlukeneyo zoLwandle oluMnyama. Ukusuka kwesibindi katrana yenze iyeza elithintela ukuveliswa kweeseli zomhlaza.

I-Katran inomzimba ohlanjululwayo, umlomo omeleleko kunye namazinyo abukhali, ahleliwe kwimigca emininzi. Umzimba wakhe uhlanganiswe ngamancinci, kodwa ubukhali obukhulu (ke ngoko igama lomnxeba - u-shark prickly). I-Katran yintlanzi ephilileyo. Ibhinqa livelisa ukukhanya ngethuba eli-15 ukuya kufutshane. Igcina kunye nokutya imihlambi kaKatan. I-Spring nekwindla - kufuphi nolwandle, ebusika - ngezantsi.

Abahlali baseLwandle oluMnyama - ihlengethwa (iindwangu ezigqithisiweyo)

Kupheleleyo kukho iintlobo ezintathu kula manzi. Izona zininzi iidonphin ze-bottlenose. Kancinane - i-blondochki. Amancinci angamahagu olwandle, okanye iAzov.

Afalina ngumntu oqhelekileyo ohlala kwi dolphinariums. Kwizesayensi, le ntlobo ibaluleke kakhulu. I-dolphin ye-bottlenose ukuba izazinzulu emhlabeni jikelele zifundela ukuba khona kwesizathu. Bazalelwe abadlali beesksi. Ama-amphibians ayavuya ukwenza iindidi ezahlukeneyo. Kubonakala ngathi banengqondo. Oku akunjalo ukuqeqeshwa, kodwa uhlobo oluthile lwenzentsebenziswano nokuqonda phakathi kwedonphin kunye nendoda. I-Afalines iqonda kuphela i-caress nokukhuthaza. Isijeziso asibonakali nonke, kwaye ke nawuphi na umqeqeshi unqabile ukuba abe khona kubo.

U-Afalina uphila iminyaka engama-30. Isisindo sawo maxa wambi sifinyelela kuma-kilogram ayi-300. Ubude bomzimba bufikelela kwiimitha ezimbini kunye nesiqingatha. Ezi ihlengethwa zichanekile ngokufanelekileyo kummandla wamanzi. Iimpango zangaphambili zisebenza njengama-booms kunye nama-brake ngexesha elifanayo. I-Caudal iphela-i- propeller enamandla , evumela ukuphuhlisa isantya esiphezulu (ngaphezu kwe-60 km / h).

Ama-achaline awona isohlo kunye nokuva. Badla iintlanzi kunye ne-shellfish (badla ama-25 kilogram ngosuku). Bangakwazi ukugcina umoya wabo ngaphezu kwemizuzu engama-10. Dive kwi-200 meters. Ubushushu bomzimba buyi-36.6 degrees, njengabantu. Ukuphefumula amahlengethwa, ngokukhawuleza ukunyuka ngaphandle, umoya. Baya kugula zizifo ezifanayo njengabantu. Amahlengethwa alala ebhodini yokulala ebingumyinge wamitha ukusuka phezulu, ngaphantsi kwamanzi, ukuvula amehlo abo ngezikhathi ezithile.

Indlela yokuphila yamadonphin yimfuyo kunye nosapho (ukuya kwizizukulwana ezilishumi kunye). Intloko yentsapho ibhinqa. Abantu abesilisa abanjwe yintsapho ehlukeneyo, kubonisa umdla kumabhinqa ikakhulukazi ngexesha lokuxhatshazwa.

Amadonphin anamandla kakhulu. Kodwa njengomgaqo, awusebenzi kumntu. Ngabantu, iidonfins zigcina ubudlelwane obuhle kakhulu, njengokuba ngabazalwana beengqondo. Ngexesha elide lomlando wobudlelwane phakathi kwendoda kunye nehlengethwa, akukho mzamo okwenziwe ukukhubekisa "umzalwana omkhulu". Kodwa abantu bahlala bephule amalungelo ehlengethwa, bebeka iimvavanyo, bavalela edophinarium.

Ininzi ibhaliwe malunga nolwimi lweedonphin. Asiyi kuthi, njengabanye abaphengululi, ukuba ucebile ngaphezu kwentetho yabantu. Nangona kunjalo, iqulethe izandi ezinkulu kunye nezenzo, ezikuvumela ukuba usathetha ngolunye uhlobo lweengqondo zehlengethwa. Yaye kunye nenani lenkcazelo abanokuyithumela, kunye nengqondo enkulu (engaphezu komntu) - kulo bungqina obunzima.

Ihlala isongeza ukuba iimpawu zifumaneka kwizilwanyana ezincelisayo kwiLwandle oluMnyama, kodwa kungekudala kuye kwaba ncinane kakhulu ngenxa yezinto eziyingozi zomntu.

Ehlabathini

Abemi baselwandle kunye nesizwe sabantu basondla kwizilwanyana zasemanzini. Ezinye iintlobo zeentaka ezihlala emhlabeni zivelisa ukutya kwazo ngamanzi. Abemi belizwe, abavelisa ukutya elwandle ziinkumbi kunye neziqhumane. Bondla kwiintlanzi. U-Cormorant, umzekelo, unokushukuma ngokugqibeleleyo aze adle, adle inani elikhulu leentlanzi, nangona epheleleyo. Iimpawu ze-pharynx zikuvumela ukuba ugxume ixhoba elikhulu. Ngaloo ndlela, iintaka zizona ndawo zihlala kubemi, zikhupha ukutya elwandle lolwandle lwaseNxweme oluMnyama lwaseCaucasus naseCrimea.

Ulwandle oluMnyama: abemi abanobungozi

Akunabo bonke abenzi beeholide kunye nabakhenkethi abaza kuLwandle oluLwandle oluMnyama bayazi ukuba abantu abaqokelela emanzini basengozini. Abahlanganiswa nje ngesilumkiso nesiphepho, kodwa kunye nabanye abameli bezilwanyana zasolwandle.

I-Scorpion, okanye i-urchin ye-sea, ibhekisela kwimimangalo engathandekiyo. Intloko yakhe igcwele ngameva, kwaye emhlane wakhe-umphefumlo onobungozi obunzima. Akukhuthazwa ukuba uthathe i-scorpion, ekubeni ivava yayo inetyhefu kwaye ivelise into engathandekiyo, enoba imfutshane, ivakalelo ezibuhlungu.

I-Scuttail (i-cat cat) nayo yingozi, ngamanye amaxesha iyingozi kubantu. Ngomsila wesilwanyana sisithambo sesithambo, sitywe nge-mucus enetyhefu. Le ntshukumo kunye neenotshi zidla ngokubangela ukuba i-laceration ehlala ixesha elide. Kwakhona, ukusuka ekugqibeleni, ukuhlanza, ukukhubazeka kwemisipha, kunye nokubetha kwentliziyo kunokuqalisa. Ngamanye amaxesha ukufa kuvela, ngoko qaphela.

Enye, into ebonakalayo engabonakaliyo, intlanzi - inamba yolwandle - iyingozi kubantu abaninzi. Ekuqalekeni, unokuyithatha inkunzi entsha. Kodwa ngasemva kwesi ntlanzi kukuphela kwesipilisi, sinetyhefu. I-prick ifana nokulunywa kwenyoka enetyhefu. Kwezinye iimeko, isiphumo esibulalayo sinokwenzeka.

I-Jellyfish rooters kunye ne-aurelia ehlala kwiLwandle oluMnyama zihlala ziyingozi kubantu. Iintambo zabo zixhotyiswe ngeeseli ezibethayo. Ukutshisa okunokwenzeka (njengokusuka kwintlambo kunye namandla), ukushiya umkhondo kwiiyure eziliqela. Ngoko kungcono ukuba ungathinti i-jellyfish - kwaze kwabafileyo, uphonswe ngamaza kwintsimbi.

Akukho shark, okanye ezinye iintlobo zezilwanyana neentlanzi ziyingozi kubantu abasemanzini oLwandle oluMnyama. Ngoko uhlambe ngesibindi, ufike kwiindawo eziqashisayo zokuLwandle olumnyama lwaseCrimea kunye neCaucasus, ngokuqinisekileyo, ukunyamekela!