Bryology - isayensi ntoni? Le etymology kweekota ukuyilwa imfundiso

Bryology - inzululwazi ubulembu (bryophytes). Iguqulwe kwi yesiGrike "secada" - "moss", "iilogo" - "imfundiso", ngoko ukuguqula agama - "imfundiso moss." Bryology - isebe eselula isayensi, leyo yenye Botany. Izazinzulu inxaxheba ekufundeni ubulembu, ebizwa bryology.

Subject udaba bryology

Nayiphi na imfundiso zesayensi busenza ukuba isifundo esi sifundo. Ekubeni bryology - inzululwazi bryophytes, isifundo isifundo kwakhe iintlobo yokuqala yelo intsapho izityalo, kwakunye yokwakheka, morphological, kwemichiza, yemfuza, zokusingqongileyo, geographical, ukusebenza komzimba, iimpawu zabo, bryology, phakathi kwezinye izinto, ukhangele ukuba kungenzeka na ngokusebenzisa ubulembu zonyango, iinjongo zasekhaya.

ngezigaba ubulembu

Ngokutsho database, oluqulunqwe ngo-2010, kwindalo kukho iintlobo ezingaphezu kwama-15,000, izizukulwana ngaphezulu kwe-1 amawaka kunye neentsapho ezili-150 ubulembu. Kwiminyaka ethile ngaphambili, kwicandelo le Botany ebizwa ngokuba 'bryology "(inzululwazi - echazwe kweli nqaku) are bryophytes, izazinzulu ingqalelo njenge isebe taxon yokurenkisha ubulembu eyodwa zonke izityalo.

Inzululwazi ningemi, ngoko kukho amaqela amathathu ubulembu ezichongiweyo kumasebe zilandelayo namhlanje zezi:
1. hornwort.
2. mossy.
3. kwesibindi.

Formation of isayensi

Ngokuba lixesha lokuqala ukufunda ubulembu ntoni embindini kwenkulungwane ye-19. Bryology ngokwalo (inzululwazi bryophytes) kugqalwa uqeqesho entsha iye yavela ngexesha ukuba kwenzeka ukusebenzisa ubuchule kuphononongo ngesakhiwo yokungcoliswa izityalo naphakathi ezishiyanayo ngobukhulu, ukususela kwi-3 ukuya kwi-50 mm. Wayo ubume kunye nenkqubo lokwakha moss ozibandakanye I. Hedwig (Switzerland), C. kunye B. Bridel Shimper (saseJamani), D. ihuka (UK), W. Mitten (USA). Ekuqaleni le sisazinzulu Finnish kwinkulungwane yama-20 V. F. Broterus yaba ukuhlelwa bryophytes (kunye bryology - inzululwazi kwabo), nto leyo ixesha elide iye ingqalelo ephambili, kodwa kamva iguqulwe kancinane ngenxa amathuba kuquka izifundo eziphilayo.

ERashiya, oko waqalisa isifundo ubulembu phakathi kwenkulungwane ye-19: woMbutho Geographical, eziquka esiphambili E. K. Gofman kunye zebhayoloji F. I. Rupreht kunye M. E. Tsikkendrat, wathunyelwa ukuya emantla Urals, hambo wakwazi ukufunda ezinye bryophytes kunye herbarium Qokelela, uniko manani, uhlobo ilikhulu elinashumi-nye. Kwinkulungwane kamva, yingcaphephe ngezityalo nengcaphephe A. Russian G. Shrenk kwixesha ukususela ngo-1948 ukuya 1955, kwiphulo lokuqala kumantla eRashiya, apho ngenkuthalo wafunda bryophytes (bryology - inzululwazi bryophytes). Le Isazinzulu likwazile ukufumana iintlobo 25 izityalo, ubukhulu becala uhlobo eluhlaza.

Development of ingcamango yezenzululwazi mzuzu

Okwangoku, i-inventri bryophytes ayikagqitywa. Ngokutsho kwezinye iingxelo, kwakukho akunakuvelisa uhlobo kuqikelelwa 22 ukuya 27 lamawaka bryophytes. Ayikaqondwa zifundwa zenzululwazi bryology-yimvula kwisibanzi ikhweyitha esemazantsi.

Le herbarium inkulu bryophytes baseRashiya esekwe Kumaziko eMoscow, eSt Petersburg, Kirovsk (ummandla Murmansk), Vladivostok, Irkutsk zenzululwazi.