Imbali kola Peninsula. Umlambo kunye nesixeko Kola Peninsula

Le usingasiqithi ibekwe kwi kumntla-ntshona Russian Federation, iba yinxalenye kummandla Murmansk. Ukusuka emantla kokuhlanjwa yi kuLwandle Barents, kunye empuma emzantsi - White. Umda ntshona lizwe - isitya meridional, osuka kwi Kola Bay kufuphi nomlambo Kola ukuya Kandalaksha Bay.

indawo yayo - 100 amawaka ezikwere zeekhilomitha, kunxweme ngasentla aphakeme ophezulu, kunye nemimmandla engasentshona - tyaba kwaye esezantsi-ukuxoka, flat. Xa entshonalanga losingasiqithi zifumaneka massifs - Khibiny kunye Lovozero Massif. Kwiziko yayo ifikelela Ridge Keivy.

indawo okuyo

I Kola Peninsula iquka asixhenxe ekhulwini kummandla Murmansk. Le ise kude kumantla eRashiya. Phantse wonke ummandla wayo ngaphakathi Arctic Circle.

iimeko zemozulu

I Kola Peninsula inalo imozulu zahlukahlukene kakhulu. Imfudumalo North Antlanticheskoe ngexesha ufudumala kwi ntshonalanga. Apha sezulu zaselwandle onomoya Arctic. Towards empumalanga, iziko nomzantsi-ntshona yommandla yokukhula kumazwekazi - apha imozulu kuyabanda ngokulinganisela. I-avareji January lobushushu isusela ku -10 ° C kwi ntshonalanga -18 ° C elisembindini. NgoJulayi, umoya itshiswe ukusuka +8 ° C ukuya +10 ° C.

Ngokupheleleyo cover ikhephu iimini yokuqala ka-Oktobha kwaye iya kude kuye ekupheleni kukaMeyi (ezintabeni, le nkqubo lilibaziseka ngenyanga de phakathi-Juni). kuneqabaka rhoqo yaye lipholile ehlotyeni. Kunxweme zidla yimimoya enamandla (ukuya kwi-55 m / s), kwi uthi yasebusika Blizzard - Kuyaziwa.

Uncedo kunye nemvelo

Kola Peninsula - ithala neentlambo, umhlaba kunye neentaba. Ma peninsula ukunyuka ngaphezu komphakamo wolwandle ngaphezulu kwe asibhozo anamanci leemitha. Imigxobhozo kunye namachibi ubuninzi bazo amathafa.

Amachibi isityebi iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeentlanzi - kunye nesalmon paliey, trout kunye whitefish, Pike kunye grayling. Le ndawo ukuhlamba yi ulwandle obuninzi plaice yesiqhelo kunye cod, capelin kunye eGreenland halibut, unonkala kunye herring.

Imbali lonke elo lizwe

iingcali zalo yahlulwe izigaba ezine eziphambili. Okokuqala saqala phambi kokufika Russian Kola Peninsula. Ngelo xesha, kwakuhlala abantu bemveli - ngamaSami. Bona awayezingela amaxhama, berry ukukha, ukuloba. Sami babehlala kooronta kunye uphahla - Tupaj okanye kwiintente ezenziwe ngesikhumba adle - kuvaksah.

Ithuba lesibini zembali iqala kwinkulungwane yeshumi elinanye, nokufika zokuhlala zokuqala Pomeranian. abemi abo benza efanayo, kwanokuba Sami, kodwa, ngokungafaniyo kubo, kunqabile aphume ukuzingela.

Babehlala kwizindlu zesiqhelo Russian, kodwa kunye neefestile ezo zivaliweyo kakhulu. Baba kuyimfuneko ukwenzela ukugcina ubushushu eliphezulu. Kwezi neefestile ezo zivaliweyo wamisa izigaqa esiluqilima ngumkhenkce. Xa linyibilike, yenza uqhagamshelwano eyomeleleyo emthini.

Ixesha ngembali Kola Peninsula wesithathu kungathathwa imfazwe nxamnye bahlaseli. abantu bomthonyama ukususela kumaxesha amandulo nqanda eNorway. Abanalo ixesha elide ibango ilizwe ngamaSami. Kwakufuneka ukuba alwe nawo ukuba bakhusele ummandla wabo. Kuba eNorway bathi usingasiqithi waba yaseBritani. Xa XVII kunye XVIII iinkulungwane, baqhumisela Cola - njengenqaba, zakhiwe ngasechwebeni emlanjeni efanayo.

Isigaba sesine kwimbali losingasiqithi kungenxa ngokupheleleyo inkangeleko isixeko Murmansk. Abafuna yokuqala ukuvela kwezi ndawo ngo-1912. Namhlanje lelona chweba inkulu Arctic.

Cities Kola Peninsula

Yokuqala ekwahlala yomda-nabahlali, owayebonakele phezu kummandla wedolophu ikhoyo Cola, yabonakala ngo 1264. Oku kukhankanywe kwimibhalo kaSimon van Saling - umrhwebi ukusuka eNetherlands ngenkulungwane XVI.

Ngeli xesha unxweme-abahlala baqalisa ukurhweba rhoqo eNorway, i balwa, amaBritane, i Danes, abeza iinqanawa kwi Kola Peninsula. City Cola waba iziko lolawulo. labantu bayo ukwenza ekulobeni, ukuzala iinkukhu kunye nemfuyo.

Ngowe-1814, ibandla lokuqala ilitye phezu usingasiqithi yakhiwe apha. Abemi famous ukuhlaselwa vangama ngokungesabi le balwa kunye British.

Murmansk

Lelona sixeko sikhulu ibekwe kwi Arctic Kola Peninsula. Yasungulwa ngo-Oktobha 1916. Ekuqaleni, yayibizwa Romanov-on-Murman. Eli ligama le sixeko ngo-Apreli 1917. Le ukwakweli elunxwemeni Kola Bay, neekhilomitha ezingama-50 ukusuka kuLwandle Barents. Oku engqongwe ziinduli ezininzi.

indawo yayo - iihektare 15055 (kuquka indawo emanzini Kola Bay - 1357 eehektare). Le dolophu wahlulwe kwizithili ezintathu yolawulo - Oktyabrsky, Leninsky kunye Pervomaisky.

Murmansk akukho sezandleni komnye wemizi emikhulu welizwe lethu, kodwa ke esi sixeko sikhulu ehlabathini, ibekwe kwi Arctic Circle.

NgoMeyi 1985, wamkela isihloko eliphezulu "Hero City", yaye ngoFebruwari 1971 wawongwa Order of Red Banner lezaBasebenzi.

Apatity

Kola Peninsula, ogama iifoto badla kubonakala kumaphepha ezipapashwayo abahambi kummandla wabo ayinayo izixeko ezininzi emikhulu. Omnye wabo - Apatity, nemida phantsi kolawulo lwayo, equka isikhululo kunye ilali Hibiny Tik-Guba.

Uqhekekile umzi phakathi Lake Imandra neentaba Khibiny, ngasechwebeni i-White River. Abemi - Abantu 57905.

Ngowe-1916 kwisayithi le dolophu kuvele kwisikhululo sikaloliwe, ngokunxulumene ekwakhiweni kwendlela. Ngowe-1930 ifama "Industry" walungiswa apha.

Bookmark isixeko kwenzeka ngo-1951, kunye nokwakhiwa Akademgorodok baqalisa kwiminyaka emithathu kamva. Ngokunxulumene kokufa umsebenzi kukaStalin ka-lumiswe de 1956. Emva koko, kwisixeko laseKirov TPP waqala ukwakha. Ngowe-1956 esigunyaziswe kwindlu yokuqala.

Ngowe-1966, esi sixeko siguqulwe. Amalungu ayo wangena ulutsha lali.

Winter kwi Kola Peninsula

Eli xesha lide kule ndawo. Winter buhlala kangangeenyanga ezisibhozo. Ngo-Oktobha, kukho ikhephu, yaye ngoMeyi, amachibi kunye nemilambo nangoku icebound. Yaye ebusika Kola Peninsula (ifoto ubona inqaku lethu) - yinto, ihlabathi intsomi ezizodwa. Ngaphandle kwento yokuba lobushushu ungabeka ngezantsi degrees 40, akazange ngamakhamandela kwaye phantse hayi waziva yengqele, ngenxa kwinqanaba eliphantsi ukufuma.

ebusuku polar

Ngenxa yokuba i-Kola Peninsula ekumntla le Arctic Circle, kwisithuba ekupheleni Novemba de kuye ekupheleni kukaJanuwari ngukumkani apha ebusuku ezibandayo.

Black isibhakabhaka namaqhosha iinkwenkwezi eqaqambileyo, izibane mzi, ukukhanya yombane. Emini, isibhakabhaka kancinane lula, oko kuvela shades ezimfusa, ebumnyameni oluhlaza nkqu ezipinki. Ngoko iiyure ezimbini mfutshane kokusa. Emva koko ke isibhakabhaka mnyama kwakhona.

izibane

Bambalwa abemi inxalenye yaseYurophu kweli lizwe ithuba kubona lo mbono amangalisayo Uyabahombisa Kola Peninsula ebusika. Black isibhakabhaka injengeyentyatyambo iilwimi abangasekhoyo umlilo - ukusuka nemfusa aluhlaza-noluhlaza. Oku ngathi laser show kuwo akunakwenzeka ukukhangela kude. Kokuba ndazigcina ngoSeptemba ku-Epreli. Kude kube ngoku, esi ezimibalabala Aurora uthathwa into ongaqondakaliyo, ukukuqhela ezingeke nkqu nabahlali Arctic.

Peninsula umfula

Amadama kweli lizwe kakhulu ukondla amanzi anyibilike (ukuya kwi-60% ye-flow). imilambo kola Peninsula azele ngamanzi iinyanga 2 zonyaka (ngoMeyi-Juni), kwaye ke kakhulu ukukhula nzulu. Umgangatho wamanzi kubo kuxhomekeke ikakhulu iimvula zehlobo.

Ubude ezingaphezu kwama-50 amawaka. Km. Baya kuba somfula enolwandle ngeenxa zombini yomntla - i Barents nomhlophe. Ezinye zazo ngaphezu 200 km - Varzuga Ponoy, Tuloma. Asezikhundleni 70% yendawo epheleleyo isitya zaloo mmandla Murmansk. Phantse yonke imifula kwicala meridional flow, sicatshulwa latitudinal kwahlukile kuphela umlambo Ponoy.

Uninzi lomlambo (Niva, Unomyayi, umba, njl) Ngaba zivela namachibi amakhulu. Amanzi idla zana-blowu nengafihliyo. Ngexesha lezikhukula lomlambo athwale izixa ezikhulu intlenga, isanti, amagqabi efile. Kola Peninsula ube elide owayevunyelwe-up - iinyanga 7, isiciko umkhenkce ithatha iintsuku 210 ngonyaka. Imilambo ngoMeyi.

omthombo

Kwi imilambo Tuloma, Niva, Kovda, Ingekalili zizityalo umbane kunye nokwakhiwa okugcina amanzi. Ngokungafaniyo imilambo plain emazantsi, kumantla ngenxa amanzi okupholisa kwi enemisinga kwixesha ezantsi abandayo kwakhiwa umkhenkce.

Imilambo ye Kola Peninsula yahlulwe kumaqela amane:

• poluravninnye (Varzuga Ponoy, Strel'na);
• Wondla umlambo (Varzina, Niva, Kolvica);
• echibini uhlobo (umba, Drozdovka, Rynda);
• uhlobo ntaba (Kuhn nzulu White).

ukuloba

Kola Peninsula namhlanje yenye yeendawo ezininzi umdla iingcali bokwenyaniso nokuloba trout kunye nesalmon. Yinto eyaziwayo ehlabathini lonke eyona ndawo babambe "intlanzi unguwo." ababambisi ngokuqhelekileyo River Peninsula yahlulwe abo eyele kuLwandle Barents ebandayo, nabo abadlulisela amanzi abo White.

Ukuloba Kola Peninsula kamnandi hayi kuphela wabaqalayo, kodwa abathandi lo msebenzi kunye namava. NgoJulayi, xa usingasiqithi lomlambo kuza inani elikhulu salmon ngakuba umkhulu kakhulu - "Tindi" yaye ngoAgasti neenkomo iqulethe naphakathi salmon.

Lo mhlaba ngqwabalala ushiye uphawu yayo phezu kwabemi okugcina amanzi. Uninzi lwemilambo akukho grayling apha endaweni naye uza Isakare Arctic whitefish.

Wemifula apha ikhula into eqinileyo kakhulu ezintlanu, yaye maxa wambi nobukhulu semikilogrammovyh kunye trout ngaphantsi kwe kilograms 2.

Lo mlambo idumileyo, esizakukhokelela nabalobi abasuka kulo lonke elo lizwe ukusuka kwamanye amazwe ukuya Kola Peninsula (Russia), ezinxulumene elunxwemeni emantla, ke Jokanga, Cola, Rynda, Kharlovka, Varzina, East Face. Ecwangciswe ngayo yi ukuloba ilungileyo kwi Kola Peninsula ezingaphucukanga.

umfula Kharlovka

Lo mlambo emangalisayo yaziwa kakuhle iinkosi abanamava lokuloba salmon. Ukongeza, apha Ngokufuthi abahambi abayiqondayo uhlobo ezimangalisayo ngasentla. Bona ezitsalwa engxangxasi omhle. izihlwele Huge yamanzi kungakhokelela ekubeni umntu olungathethekiyo nguwo lowo ubuncinane kanye ukuba kubona lo mbono emangalisayo.

Kharlovka eyaziwa ingakumbi nesalmon enkulu ubuncinane trout enkulu omdaka. Noko ke, ukuba acande nomthamo ingxangxasi nga abanokuloba kuphela amanzi efanelekileyo emlanjeni. Ngamanye amaxesha abalobi catch jula uze ubukele salmon ozama ukoyisa loo nto. Amhlophe iintlanzi amanzi amagwebu nokutsiba emanzini. Xa inxalenye ephezulu kukho engxangxasi ipleyiti yendalo apho sifake inkqubo film. Abemi Kola Peninsula iye Ayimangalisi bevidiyo unique sentlanzi enkulu ezifana iimpukane lekhamera lens elide.

In Kharlovka ukuloba kakhulu, kutheni kuza nje apha rybolovy- "savages", kodwa ukuze alungiselele ezikumgangatho ophezulu ukhenketho ekhokelwa.

intsimbi

Lo mlambo ezitsala ingqokelela lokuloba enkulu kunye nobuhle bendalo. Ezintathu Ingxangxasi enkulu multistage, isixa omkhulu trout elwandle kunye nesalmon le ndawo nomtsalane kakhulu.

Ukuloba Kola Peninsula emlanjeni intsimbi has a lot of abalandeli. Abanye babo ukuza kwezi ndawo kuhambo lokuloba iminyaka 17-18.

Terek Beach

River, esiphezu kwiindonga ezisemzantsi zoMlambo Terek athandwa kakhulu kuluhlu olubanzi Abalobi kulo lonke ihlabathi.

Oku zobungangamela umlambo umba, yaye uba nemingenela Razdolnaya Varzuga, Kica kunye Pan umiwe neenkomo ezininzi salmon, aziwayo Terek umlambo Strelna Chapoma, Chavanga, Pyalitsa.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba le Terek lomlambo kunxweme babe uluhlu olubanzi kakhulu iintlanzi ophilileyo. Bahambe ifu zidala salmon, salmon, trout ulwandle.

Kule milambo rhoqo ubomi komlanjana trout, trout elimdaka, grayling, whitefish.

Kweentlobo zeCARP zezi Roach, IDE. A marhamncwa thaca zakhele, Pike, burbot.