I-Absolute Idea kaHegel

Ukuphuhliswa kweengcamango emva kokuba uKant afinyelele kwi-apogee yakhe kwimisebenzi kaGeorg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, owathi wehla kwimbali, engumdali wenkqubo ephakamileyo kakhulu kunye neyobukhombisayo yesimo sobuchule.

"I-Absolute Idea" kaHegel

Ukubiza ifilosofi "ingcamango epheleleyo", uG. Hegel wathi iindidi zinyaniso zezinto eziyinyaniso, ezisekelwe "kwingqondo yehlabathi", "ingcamango epheleleyo", ngenye indlela - "umoya wehlabathi".

Kucacile ukuba "ingcamango epheleleyo" yinto ephazamisa ukuvela kunye nokuziphendukela kwemvelo yezinto zendalo nezomoya, umgaqo osebenzayo. Kwaye kuyimfuneko ukuba umntu aqonde le "ngcamango epheleleyo" ngokucinga. Olu qeqesho lwengcamango lubandakanya amanyathelo amathathu.

Isigaba sokuqala

Nasi ingcamango epheleleyo, ingcamango eyayikho ngaphambi kwengcaciso yesifundo kunye nenjongo, ifakwe njengomgaqo-nkqubo ochanekileyo. Ngaloo ndlela, ibonakaliswe kwinkqubo ehambelanayo kunye neziphumo zengqiqo.

Kwiingcamango zakhe zefilosofi uHegel wahlula uluhlu kwiimfundiso ezintathu: malunga nokuba, malunga nesitshixo kunye nemeko. Ukuqala kweengcamango zakhe kukulingana kokucinga nokuba, okanye, ngamanye amazwi, imbono yehlabathi lenyaniso njengento ebonakalayo yomoya we-Idea. Ekuqaleni, imbono epheleleyo yayingcamango engabonakaliyo yokuba. Emva koko le ngcamango "yokuhlambuluka" yayigcwele umxholo wekhonkrithi: ekuqaleni, ukuba ibekwe njengento engapheliyo, ngoko yachazwa ngokuba yinto, koko kwakhiwa umntu othile, njalo njalo.

Ngaloo ndlela uG. Hegel uhamba ukusuka ekuqondeni ukuba yiyo-into ebonakalayo - kwisimo sakhe, kwaye emva koko uyayifumana ingqiqo. Ukongezelela, ngexesha lokwakheka kweengcamango, uHegel uchaza inani eliqhelekileyo lokulolonga.

Isigaba sesibini

Kwinqanaba lesibini lokwakheka kwengcamango yembono epheleleyo, ukukhutshwa kwayo kwinxalenye yemvelo, ukuhoxiswa kwendalo kuya kwenzeka. Oku kulandelayo kulandela ukuba uHegel udala izibonelelo kwifilosofi yendalo. Kuye, imvelo ibonakaliso lwangaphandle, ukubonakaliswa kwengcinga, kodwa inkqubela phambili ezizimeleyo kwiindidi zengqiqo.

Isigaba sesithathu

Ifilosofi ichaza izigaba ezintathu zokuphuhliswa kwendalo: indlela, i-chemism, i-organism, phakathi kokufumana uxhulumaniso oluthile. Olu lwalamano luya kuba sisiseko sokufunda ukudibanisa kwezinye izigaba zezinto eziphilayo kunye nokungaqhelekanga. Ngaloo ndlela, eHegel, ifilosofi yomoya yahlula zibe ziimpawu ezintathu: imfundiso yomoya othobelayo, oquka i-sayensi yomntu; Imfundiso yomoya wenjongo, equka ukufundiswa kweengxaki zokuziphatha, imbali, umthetho; Imfundiso yomoya opheleleyo, ozibonakalisa kwicandelo lenkcubeko yobomi bomntu (inkolo, ifilosofi, ubugcisa).

Ngenxa yoko, ngokweHegel, ukuguqulwa kweengcamango ngokupheleleyo kuhamba ngesangqa, kwaye kuyafana nenkqubela yehlabathi eliphathekayo, eliyimveliso ngqo le ngcamango. UHegel wabakhokelela ekugqibeleni ukuba ukugqitywa kwalo mbono (xa uziqonda ngokwawo kunye nomendo wayo) kukubunjwa komoya opheleleyo. Le yona nkqubo yesafilosofi kaHegel.

Ukususela ngoko, inkqubela yeengcamango ezipheleleyo iyenyuka ekunyuseni ukwandiswa nokufumana i-trajectory trajectory, ukuyeka ukuguqulwa kwengcamango, ukuyigweba ekuqhubeni rhoqo kwisangqa, ngaphandle kokuphuhliswa. Ngaloo ndlela kuvela ukuba inkolelo kaHegel isondele kakhulu kwiinjongo ezijoliswe kuyo, kuba ingumxholo "ngcamango epheleleyo", ingcinga ecacileyo, eyenza imvelo nendoda. Ngenxa yoko, i-triad yenziwa apho ifilosofi kaHegel yakhiwa: ingqungquthela yi-antithesis-synthesis, eyenza ukuba iqiniseke ngokuqinisekileyo. Emva koko, iindidi zale ngqungquthela aziqinisekanga ngokukodwa, kodwa ziveliswa ngabanye. Ingqibelelo enjalo yenkqubo iphikisana nomthetho wayo oyintloko-umgaqo-nkqubela.

Isiphelo

Iingcamango ezingapheliyo njengekota zibonakala zibalulekileyo kwifilosofi yonke yeHegel, ebonisa ukuzaliswa ngokupheleleyo kwezinto eziphathekayo, ihlabathi elikhoyo, ngoxa lili hlabathi elikhoyo ngokwenene. Kwakhona isifundo sefilosofi kaHegel.

Njengengcamango ephambili yenkolelo kaHegel, ingcamango ecacileyo iyahlula iibakala ezintathu:

• Okubalulekileyo (kubhengezwe kwinqanaba lokuqala);
• I-Active (ibhengezwe kwisigaba sesibini);
• "Ukuzikhumbuza" (kuchazwe kwisigaba sesithathu).

Ukuba yinkqubo engqiniswangayo inokuphela kwento enengqiqo, ingcamango epheleleyo kufuneka ibe "ubunye-ubunye obukhona," kubonakaliswe kwindawo yendalo kunye nomoya. I-triad (ingqiqo enengqiqo-imvelo-umoya) yiparameter enzulu yembono epheleleyo, eyazifumanayo ngokubambisana "nezinye" kunye "ngokwayo" kunye "nokususwa" okulandelayo malunga nokuphumeza ubunye. Ngenxa yoko, ingcamango epheleleyo kaHegel yimiba yobomi, ayicaciswanga nje ngeengcamango, kodwa nangokuba ifakwe kwisimo sengqondo sokwenene.