Pinakothek, Munich: inkcazelo kunye nohlaziyo

Pinakothek (Munich) - omnye iigalari-class ehlabathini art edumileyo, leyo ezingaphezu kwama-700 yobuciko ezintle kwiinkulungwane 14-21 ababhala iinkosi edume: uLeonardo da Vinci, Raphael, Dürer A., I. Bosch, Altdorfer, V. titian , S. Botticelli, F. Goya et al.

Imbali lokuqokelelwa

Alte Pinakothek eMunich (Alte Pinakothek) - yinto Imyuziyam ithandwa yaye yaziwa kakuhle, nto leyo 9 amawaka imizobo abaculi abantu iinkulungwane Europe 14-18 .. A isici esasenza myuziyam livela igama lakhe. Pinakothek (Greek "igalari".) - indawo apho baboniswa kuphela picture.

Ukuqokelelwa mizobo baqalisa ukuqokelela ngo-1528 i-wohlobo Duke UWilhelm IV von Wittelsbach, ababefuna ukuhombisa ngumnquba zasehlotyeni Munich Residence imizobo yabo ngezizathu zembali. Le yokuqala kwathiwa, "Idabi of Alexander", azinikele idabi Aleksandra Makedonskogo umkhosi wasePersi ukumkani uDariyo. Emva koko, ingqokelela yaqala ukugcwalisa phezulu kunye namanye amalungu entsapho Vittelbahov.

Ekupheleni lokuqokelela kwenkulungwane ye-17 xa ngokubaluleka yayo iya isiba yenye mkhulu eYurophu. Ngokukodwa, kuyo kongezelelwa umsebenzi artists Flemish ngubani eBavaria waqokelela elector maks Emmanuil (1679-1726).

Ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane ye-18, imyuziyam uye imisebenzi ngabapeyinti ezibalaseleyo eItali, eSpeyin, Germany nase-Netherlands. Ke kwabakho ulwando ngakumbi kule ngqokelela:

• ngo-1777, wancediswa imizobo evela Mannheim gallery;
• 1803 - 1500 imisebenzi yobugcisa bezikhethwe kokudlulileyo ezicaweni nezigodlo;
• 1806 g.- wongezelela nomnikelo e Dusseldorf kwaye isebenza ukususela Karlsberg Castle.

kwigumbi elahlukileyo kwibhotwe Schleißheim yayakhelwe ngendlu le mizobo.

Ukwakhiwa kwezakhiwo Pinakothek

Iminyaka wobukumkani Ludwig I yaseBavaria (1825-1848) - ixesha zimangalisayo kwimbali eMunich igalari. Ngelo xesha yena imisebenzi eyaziwayo amagcisa German kunye Dutch ziye ezifunyenwe 15. Imizobo Italian le Renaissance.

Ukulungiselela badle ingqokelela enjalo nemfuneko enkulu ekwakheni yesakhiwo ezizodwa kunye nokusasazwa imisebenzi ngokulandelelana kwazo.

Ludwig Ndagqiba ukuba ingqokelela lakhe langasese abangabasemisebenzini Ufanele ukuba zaziwe ukuba eMunich njengento iziko ihlabathi yaziwa womzobo kunye nezinye ubugcisa.

Isicwangciso gallery floor kwayilwa ngumzobi Leo von Klenze kwi indlela Renaissance. Nokubekwa amisiweyo lembombo kwesakhiwo kwenzeka ngo-Apreli 1826, ngomhla wokuzalwa oyintanda Ludwig artist Raphael. King of eBavaria wayalela ukuba igama imyuziyam yi igama lesiGrike "Pinakothek".

Alte Pinakothek (Munich) yayakhiwe kwangethuba 1836, kwaye ngexesha elinye Ludwig wakhupha umyalelo kwi ezamahala ukungena zonke ukubenza ze yimyuziyam ngeeCawa. Noko ke, kwiminyaka yokuqala yabemi akukho kangako watyelela imyuziyam, njengoko amalungiselelo kwi ingca kwipikniki gallery.

In Pinacotheca endala kwahlelwa imisebenzi yezandla, ukuqala kumaXesha Aphakathi kunye nesiphelo yiEnlightenment. Isakhiwo ngayo kakhulu limfiliba yaye ndiyingwevu, ngaphakathi amagumbi kwakhona ezihonjiswe phantse nto. Ukungabikho epheleleyo yomhombiso wenza ingakumbi iindwendwe into ephazamisa injongo ephambili ngotyelelo myuziyam - le Eyokuqiqa ka obukhulu vutshila byo titoloveta.

Ukutyhubela iinkulungwane 19-20 collection Pinakothek waqhubeka nokwandisa nge nokufunyanwa imisebenzi vutshila ixesha, elakhiwa ngokwakha Pinakothek entsha 1853.

Imfazwe kunye nokubuyiselwa kweemyuziyam

Ngexesha 2 World War Pinakothek (Munich) sonakaliswa ngamandla ngexesha iyangena Anglo-American Aviation. Paintings ngokwabo wasinda, t. To. Le yangaphambili yathi zifunjwe zokufihla intloko phantsi komhlaba. Ukwakhiwa kwe Alte Pinakothek ibuyiselwe kuphela 1963.

Kodwa ke kwakhiwe Pinakothek omtsha (bona. Photo) yatshatyalaliswa phantse ngokupheleleyo, abuyisele oko akwenzeki. New Pinakothek yakhiwa ngokupheleleyo ngumzobi A. Brankasa, bavula kuphela ngo-1981.

Masakhane engaqhelekanga, enefestile bay ezininzi kunye neengqameko window omise, ngelo xesha yabangela impikiswano zoluntu kunye nezimvo engafani. Nangona kunjalo, ngaphakathi amagumbi kuhle, ingakumbi iimpendulo HIV lafumana yanika umakhi izibane phezulu.

Ngoku apha oluboniswe imizobo 550 eqingqiweyo engamakhulu 19-20.

Ukuqokelelwa kwe Alte Pinakothek

Kwinkcazelo ibekwe kwisakhiwo esinemigangatho emibini, kumgangatho osezantsi kwi iphiko lasekhohlo apho kukho okwethutyana, etshintsha rhoqo nemiboniso. Phakathi zabazobi, nto leyo Alte Pinakothek (Munich) - imizobo abaculi Flemish kunye German engamakhulu 15-17:. P. Bruegel, Lucas Cranach nabanye (iphiko ekunene) ..

Kumgangatho wesibini - collection Northern Renaissance: imizobo umDatshi L. van Leyden, Rembrandt; Durer no S. Lochner; amagcisa Italian Botticelli, Raphael, uLeonardo da Vinci; Flemish Van Dyck, Rubens.

In iphiko ekunene, ungabona ingqokelela mizobo ye ezimbejembeje yokuhlobisa, kuquka El Greco kunye Murillo, kwakunye namanye amagcisa Italian, isiFrentshi kwakunye nesiJamani.

Ubuciko of the Alte Pinakothek

Uninzi imisebenzi lamagcisa edumileyo i Alte Pinakothek (Munich): Umzobo kweenkulungwane 15-18, nganye eneyazo imbali yayo.

Umzekelo, ekupeyinteni "Madonna Carnation" kwathiwa ngempazamo obuthengiweyo umthengisi, yaye kuphela kamva ndafumanisa ukuba lwalupayintiwe yi namfama uLeonardo da Vinci. Ngoku lo inkosi umzobo kuphela, ibekwe kwi kummandla eJamani. Carnation intyatyambo, leyo igcina Virgin Mary - uphawu ukungafi.

Ngu Fransua Bushe "Umfanekiso Mam de Pompadour" (1758) kunye "Yokuphumla Girl" (1752) baveza amanenekazi: umnikazi-Louis-15, nto leyo ubuhle odumileyo ngomculo okungenakubekwa, noLouise O'Murphy, nenekazi yenkundla, leyo kwixesha elizayo kwakhona iye luthandwa kakumkani.

Umsebenzi van Dyck "Self-mfanekiso" (1619) kunye 'uSusanna kunye Abadala' (1622), inkosi lo mfanekiso enkundla Imizobo zonqulo.

Wobuciko Paul Rubens "Umgwebo Wokugqibela" (1617) ubalisa ibali isiganeko ebalulekileyo: xa abantu ibali lobomi izono zakhe neempumelelo ezinkulu bemi phambi koThixo, ukuba ukujonga nakwizibetho zabo - indlela ezulwini okanye esihogweni. Lo ngomnye weyona mizobo mkhulu kwimbali yehlabathi ubukhulu 610 x 460 cm, nto leyo ilungiselelwe ngokukodwa iholo somyuziyam.

Xa ukupeyinta "Ukufa Seneca" (1613), ngumzobi odumileyo Dutch P. Rubens isixelela into zembali ukuba lenzekile sobulumko odumileyo uSeneca, lowo i koMlawuli uNero xa isohlwayo lokungcatsha wayalela ukuba ukuzibulala. Sobulumko uSeneca wamphulaphula ngokwaneleyo manzi, yaye kunye nomfazi wakhe wayekulungele ukwamkela ukufa kwakhe.

Imbali iNeue Pinakothek

INeue Pinakothek eMunich yasekwa ngo-1846 njengoko nokuqhubekeka endala kunye yokuqala iqulethe imisebenzi yobugcisa lwe ngenkulungwane ye-18. UKumkani Otto of Greece waqhubeka nomsebenzi kayise yaye ayila KUNYEnokutyhilwa imisebenzi yesikolo Munich amagcisa ukupeyinta. -Waziwa kakuhle landscape opeyintayo K. Rothman wabhala ngokukodwa canvases gallery 23 ezinkulu ubonisa ukuzinikela Greece.

umsebenzi Ngo-1909, yokuqokelelwa aye adityaniswa French Impressionists (Cezanne, Manet, Gauguin et al.).

I Pinakothek entsha iqulethe imisebenzi yobugcisa kweenkulungwane, 19-20, ixesha romanticism, classicism kunye ngokoqobo. Bebonke kwi zokugcina imizobo 3,000 eqingqiweyo 300, 22 of abakulo kwiiholo apha 550 imizobo nemisebenzi 50 abakroli.

Imifanekiso ye Pinakothek entsha

Obukhulu kakhulu edumileyo, nto leyo emele i Pinakothek omtsha (Munich) - imifanekiso:

• "Ivazi with Oojongilanga" yi V. Van Gogh (1888) - Ungumfanekiselo yomfuziselo themba kunye nomntu ubuchule bokucinga, isipho abaphulaphuli intwana encinane kwelanga.
• "Poor Imbongi» Karl Spitzweg (1839) - ichaza ukudideka kunye nomoya ungaqhelekanga kwikhaya imbongi engasese, ukuthabatheka ubuchule babo ukuze ubona akuyo.

• "Emva kokuba ubusuku" Yu K. K. Dalya (1819) - lo mfanekiso buzane iziphumo ngozi, leyo wahlala emveni kokuba isaqhwithi, kwaye ngexesha elinye, ucula iindumiso imvuselelo ngohlobo kwavela ukukhanya.
• "Don Quixote" Onore Dome (1868) sesona lilolo hero, leyo igcisa ngokukodwa ebhalwe ngaphandle ubuso.

Pinakothek der Moderne

I yesithathu, le nxalenye mihla kwigalari (open ukususela ngo-2002) - Pinakothek der Moderne (Munich), nto leyo luzinikele zobugcisa yanamhlanje. Oku kuquka 4 imyuziyam azimeleyo:

• Ukuqokelelwa Contemporary Art, ilungu yokuqokelela wohlobo lwemizobo.
• State Museum of Applied Arts.
• Museum yezakhiwo - uxelela ikakhulu malunga German bokwakha iinkulungwane 19-21, lo mboniso iyatshintsha rhoqo (500 amawaka imizobo kunye nezicwangciso adalwe bezakhiwo ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo, kwakunye 100 lamawaka iifoto izigqibo zokwakha ..) ..
• State mfanekiso Munich ibandla (350 amawaka. Engravings kunye 45 amawaka. Imizobo).

isakhiwo Pinakothek der Moderne lamiswa ngumzobi S. Braunfels eminikelweni zabucala. It is banzi kwaye ukukhanya, embindini kwayo - dvusfernaya rotunda kumacala amabini diverge ukusuka ezitepsini ebanzi, Uzikhaphe iindwendwe kulo mboniso.

Kwinxalenye komhlaba ukuqokelelela yoyilo kumgangatho woku-1 imelwe ukuqokelelwa yezakhiwo kunye graphic kunye nemiboniso okwethutyana.

Iphiko west iqulethe yingqokelela kwimpucuko yamandulo, empuma - uxelela imiyalelo zobugcisa owayephila: expressionism, cubism, fauvism, Bauhaus, kwemiYalezo, ubugcisa pop, minimalism, kunye nabanye.

Zonke iingqokelela zahlanganiselwa kwisiqingatha sesibini kwinkulungwane yama-20 njenge abaqokeleli umnikelo yatshintshelwa isipho kule myuziyam. Isipho lokugqibela - ingqokelela iminyaka 1960-90h zobugcisa German nakuMntla Melika. yanikwa ngo-2006, E. and M. Stoffel -.

Le ngqokelela iquka imisebenzi abaculi abaziwayo :. Henri Matisse, F. Leger, Dali, uPicasso, njl Kukho kwakhona lounge kunye nemisebenzi ifoto abafoti yelo xesha.

Pinakothek eMunich: iiyure abavula, amaxabiso

bobathathu Pinakothek zikufutshane omnye komnye, sisebenza ngeCawa amaxabiso 1 €, kodwa namhla lwembali abantu abaninzi kunye kubakhenkethi.

Idilesi: Barer Street Straße 27 29, 40, Munich (Pinakothek). Ivula iiyure:

• Old - 10.00 ukuya 18,00, ngoLwesibini ku 20,00, ivaliwe ngoMvulo.
• Entsha - 10:00 ukuya 18:00, ngoLwesithathu ku 20,00, kude ngoLwesibini.
• Pinakothek der Moderne - ukususela 10.00 ukuya 18,00 ngoLwesine ku 20,00, iintsuku ezisixhenxe ngeveki.

Ngeemini eziqhelekileyo, ixabiso yahlukile kwi Pinakothek:

• Old - € 4 ixabiso itikiti.
• New - 7 €.
• Pinakothek der Moderne - 10 €.

Pinakothek eMunich: ukubuyekeza

Izimvo abakhenkethi abatyelela Pinakothek eMunich, - zonke, ngaphandle kokukhetha, ngomdla HIV. Kuba abantu abanomdla yobungcali ukupeyinta, kunye neendlela ezahlukeneyo kwimizobo wanamhla, neegalari zobugcisa i ziyindlela lolwazi kunye imifanekiso ezintsha kwihlabathi kwimizobo vutshila byo titoloveta.

iindwendwe ezininzi ibuhlungu ukuba Alte Pinakothek (Munich) de 2018 kuvumelekile ukuba iindwendwe kancinci, ezinye sesichengeni ayisebenzi ngenxa umsebenzi wokulungisa.

Abakhenkethi abatyelela igalari Munich odumileyo unika ithuba lokuba aqhelane iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zobugcisa (ukupeyinta, ukukrola, ukwakha kunye noyilo) of zaphawula eziliqela, ukusuka kwiZigaba Aphakathi namuhla.