IMbasa St. Anne. Order of the Empire Russian

IMbasa ye Saint Anne yasekwa ngo-1735 yi-Duke Karl Friedrich, a isiJamani ngokuzalwa. Yena ngo 1725 watshata intombi loMlawuli Peter I, uAnna. Ekuqaleni umyalelo bekucingelwa njenge amabhaso dynastic, kodwa kwixesha elizayo imeko yayo iye itshintshe kakhulu.

NeTshawekazi laseYork bashiya Anne kungekudala wahlala emtshatweni, wafa ngo-1728, phantse ngoko nangoko emva kokuzalwa okukhulu indlalifa elizayo etroneni. Emva kokufa ngumfazi wakhe amthandayo of Carl Friedrich wagqiba ekubeni immortalize inkumbulo yakhe ngokutshintshela umfanekiso le neTshawekazi laseYork bashiya ngomfanekiso kuMyalelo isizukulwana yindlalifa ecaleni kwetrone. Ngexesha ubomi luKhuphiswano lweTshawe neTshawekazi sale ukuze safumana 15 izifundo German kuyo.

Ukususela ngelo xesha, abalawuli Russia bavalelwa ngokufutshane ngamandla, eshiya etroneni yeemeko ezingaphaya kolawulo lwabo.

Indlalifa Elizabeth II

Indlalifa elizayo kuneetrone Russian kunye Holstein Carl-Peter Ulrich. Yena ilifa itrone emva Elizabeth II, ongabanga nabantwana babo, ummiselo esemthethweni ligqibe ukwakha etroneni umtshana wakhe, emva koko inkwenkwe leyo ihanjiswa ukusuka kwindawo Duchy of Holstein eRashiya.

isimo Order State

Ekubeni Order of St. Anne yaba ibhaso dynastic, wafudukela eRashiya, Peter III, waba iNkosi Grand noMyalelo kwi ilifa kuyise, wathabatha ibhaso eliphezulu Duchy ka-Holstein kunye. Xa ngo 1742 yena ngokusemthethweni wanyukela etroneni, kwagqitywa ukuba akhe esinguMyalelo weNkundla elifomatiweyo amabhaso karhulumente eRashiya.

Indlalifa ezintsha kwetrone

Imbali yoBukhosi baseRashiya ngqo imihla yethu izaliswe iziganeko ezibuhlungu, eyona elibalulekileyo leyo isenzakalo washiya uphawu soze imbali yale mihla. Ke kaloku kwathi ngo 1762, xa wobukumkani Paul III, eyathatha iinyanga 6, laphela kabuhlungu. Kwathi, ngenxa yokuba iyelenqe yeka etroneni, leyo yena wenza umfazi wakhe. Emva kokufa kwakhe, laseRashiya pre-revolution afumene indlalifa entsha etroneni - noPawulos, owazalelwa 1754.

Catherine Board II

Njengoko ngexesha yokushiywa * uKhesare yangoku noPawulos ndisemncinane kakhulu ukuba kulawula etroneni, yonke ubunzima ibhodi isekelwe phezu kwamagxa kanina, ngubani onoxanduva ngqo kokufa kukayise. Imbali yoBukhosi Russian ngeli xesha ufumana inkxaso ebalulekileyo kuphuhliso phantsi kolwalathiso uCatherine II. Ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo, na ukumkanikazi edume kakhulu ixesha ngaphandle kwe Russia.

intsingiselo Secret yamabhaso

Ngaphandle kwento yokuba ibhaso yoBukhosi baseRashiya hlukile ayive ezizodwa, uPawulos ndaziva iimvakalelo ndithule ncam ngokunxulumene Order of St. Anne. Isizathu elula ngokwaneleyo. Kolunye ndlela iMoscow, zaza zacwangciswa ngokwe-1762, uPawulos I thaca okokuqala ubuhle Anna Petrovna, ntombi PV yeeNgwevu lendawo Lopuchin.

Yena ngoko emehlweni umlawuli ukuba zanyanzelisa ihamba intsapho yakhe yonke eSt Petersburg na. uyise Belle kaThixo evela woMlawuli kwisihloko inkulu kunye Isaci nosapho. Ukususela ngelo xesha, kwinguqulelo yesiHebhere igama Anna - "ubabalo" - iye yaba ikratshi Lopukhins usapho njengenkosana.

Ukususela ngalo mzuzu iqala ibali iphambili Umyalelo pre-olululo eRashiya. Ngokutsho amaxwebhu ezisemthethweni asebukhosini ukuba iye yasinda kuzo namhlanje. UCatherine II bakholwa sengqondo nesimilo unyana ka-Order of game abantwana funny, kodwa ukususela ngelo xesha, njengoko umlawuli elizayo sadibana yokwamkela kunye Anna Petrovna, waqala ukwenza intsingiselo ngakumbi nezisitheleyo. Ngoku, lo Order of St. Anne wayefuna kuye kangangoko ukuba owaseka Order of Karla Fridriha.

Iikopi uMyalelo, wafumana iwonga kukarhulumente

Ngokutsho imbalelwano alondolozwe phakathi uKumkanikazi uCatherine II kunye utitshala noPawulos, umthetho okhethekileyo ovela zadalwa, njengako uPawulos kwafuneka unelungelo elisemthethweni ibhaso egameni lakhe lo umyalelo naliphi na igosa lakomkhulu, ezahlukeneyo anobukroti okhethekileyo.

Kodwa * uKhesare eneenkani oko akuzange, waza wagqiba ekubeni ngokufihlakeleyo unina loyikekayo, akujongwa nibufanele Order of St. Anne umvuzo, ukwenza iikopi ezininzi ezincinane ngokungacwangciswanga umvuzo izifundo zabo. Nxiba ukuba bathembele nesiphatho ikrele lakhe ukuze, xa kuyimfuneko, inokubuyiselwa ngokulula emehlweni prying efihliweyo, yaye kwimeko ukungqubana axhobileyo ikhava umthwalo.

Ukwala ubulawuli German yena

Ngowe-1773 uCatherine II renounces ngokupheleleyo onke amalungelo, izihloko kunye amalungelo zinikwa kuye neendlalifa zakhe itrone Holstein. Ukususela ngelo xesha, lo umyalelo degree 1 iza kuphinda kunikwa kwiindlalifa ubukhosi komlawuli, kodwa njengokuba uPawulos ndahlala iNkosi esemthethweni Grand noMyalelo, ibihleli ilungelo elisemthethweni umvuzo nabo ngokwabo.

Ibekwa of Paul I

Ibekwa uPawulos ndawa phantsi ngoNovemba 12, 1797. Ngale mini, yena ngokusesikweni accedes eziya etroneni, yaye laseRashiya pre-revolution ingena ibali lakhe umlawuli omtsha, omnye nemimiselo zokuqala yona ulwakhiwo Order of St .. Anna ukuya kutsho kwisikhundla amabhaso karhulumente kunye nokwahlula wayo kububanzi obunga-3 amakhulu. Ke ikopi yalo myalelo, leyo kwenziwa ebutsheni kaKesare, wafumana iwonga zomthetho ngayo degrees-3.

Ekuqaleni bekucingelwa ukuba abalawuli Russia uya kunikwa ngokungqinelana uMyalelo lwamagosa kuphela. Order of Imbonakalo uxhomekeke ngqo kwi zinga awayelilungu. ubukhulu bayo ngokuxhomekeke kwinqanaba baba phakathi kwe- 3.5 cm ukuya 5.2 cm.

1. Order of St. Anne 1 degree - encrusted kunye ngedayimani. Nxiba olu hlobo esinguMyalelo wathembela kwi iribhoni ebanzi ebomvu imivumbo ezityheli ukuba zikho emiphethweni. Bathi sinikezelwe kuye ngaxeshanye ngenkwenkwezi yesilivere. Kwaye inkwenkwezi kwafuneka flip phezu egxalabeni lakhe sokunene, uMyalelo nge ekhohlo. Kwisiqalo yegolide laliphakathi inkwenkwezi-etsolo ezisibhozo embindini apho wabekwa umnqamlezo ebomvu. Around umtya Latin sisaci Order Amantibus Justitiam Pietatem Fidem kususelwe, ngoko, ukususela transfer kuqukunjelwe ukuba bawongwa ikhoboka abantu abangcwele.

umbala obomvu, ukushumayela kwam umnqamlezo efikelelweyo yi enamathela kunye lwawo, engqongwe ngesithsaba segolide obhityileyo. Xa kumbindi womnqamlezo yayimi phezu umfanekiselo neTshawekazi laseYork bashiya Anna White Chicken kwi elizeleyo ubude. Kwakhona ingqongwe umda zegolide. Kwicala reverse ukuba ibekwe ilungiswe Order monogram neTshawekazi laseYork bashiya usebenzisa wayesebenzisa oluhlaza. Ngaphezu kumfanekiso yobuso ka-Anna lalindanda iingelosi ezimbini ubambe ezandleni zabo isithsaba asebukhosini.

Ngowe-1829, le ezifakelwa diamond zaye kuphela Award enikwa abemi bamanye amazwe, kwaye ukusukela ngo 1874 lubaxekile umfanekiso isithsaba komlawuli ngokwemiyalelo zesidanga sokuqala.

2. I-Order of St. Anne degrees-2 - okuhombisa iglasi rock cut. Kwafuneka ukuba banxibe entanyeni yakhe, nto zibambene nayo iribhoni elimxinwa. Ngokusisiseko, oko kuwongwa ngayo abantu, ungamkeli ukholo lwamaKristu, kunye nabathengi. Noko ke, lo mfanekiso Order of uAna indawo yi njengexhalanga-headed ezimbini. Ngomhla ngasemva umyalelo owenziwe umbala Azure wabonisa shunqulelo AIPF sama uMyalelo, injongo yaba ogama ukuba bakhumbuze kukhutshwa, ukuba sisidwangube intombi ka-Peter I. Isilivere Star ke wayama.

3. Order of St. Anne 3 isidanga - uhlobo ixhaphakileyo. Nxiba lathembela nesiphatho ikrele lakhe. It is a isangqa encinane ngaphakathi apho lwawo umnqamlezo elime kule isangqa umbandela olunye, kunye zombini iindawo kwenziwa ngombala obomvu.

kwiminyaka eli-13 emva kokuba ukuvunywa ngokusesikweni njenge ibhaso karhulumente ethwele imithetho zawo. Ngoku kwafuneka ndimqhame kwi Bantu, umbala apho ku ngokukhawuleza siyabonisa ukuba bubobabo bhaso emkhosini okanye zamajoni. Ngokutsho ummiselo osemthethweni 1847 Order degrees 3, kwagqitywa ukuvuza amagosa abaye bakhonza iminyaka ubuncinane 12 ngendlela efanayo elingekho ngaphantsi 13 kwe eklasini. Ukususela ngoko, ezi mbasa kuye babe bakholosa phezu ngokuba umvuzo ngenkonzo elide.

4. I-Order of izidanga St. Anne 4 - yasekwa, unyana ka-Paul I - uMlawuli Alexander I. Eli isidanga unikwa kuphela ukuba amagosa omkhosi. Ukuze bekufanele ukuba banxibe kwi izixhobo isetyenziswa ngohlobo-mkhosi, nto leyo akanikwa ebusweni.

Phakathi Izifundo Russian uMlawuli Alexander I, i-Order of degrees 4 igama "Cranberry". Eyona nto kukuba ubukhulu bayo ayidluli 2.5 cm kwaye kanye umbala efanayo nale berry. Ukuba umphathi ngaphambili bezinikezelwe uMyalelo weqondo yesi-4, makanikwe kuthiwa umvuzo ukunxiba ngexesha elifanayo.

Igama Order degrees 4 yatshintshwa kanye ngonyaka omnye emva kokuba umthetho utshintsho izalwe banxibe Order degrees 3. "Kuba Mendi" ngoku obekumele ukuba ukongeza ibhokisi iseti-top enyanzelekileyo.

Imbali mabhaso

Ukuqala 1857 umlawuli wakhupha umthetho apho amagosa omkhosi zanikwa nje kuphela uMyalelo, apho umfanekiselo neTshawekazi laseYork bashiya Anna waza wamisela ezimbini ngamakrele sawela; kodwa baqubude umbala obomvu oqaqambileyo, ukuze ingqiqo abantu obumisiweyo kwakhona wafumana isiqinisekiso, ngokuba ngoku nabani owabona ibhaso efanayo, ebizwa i "ndingumthetheli Order Cranberry" emva kwakhe.

Kwethenda "Cranberry" Order yenziwa ukuya Revolution ka-1917 , xa zonke amabhaso umbuso tsarist iye yarhoxiswa ngokusesikweni urhulumente omtsha.

Umyalelo inkaba odolo 1 no-2 isidanga iguqulwe kakhulu, nangona oko akuphazamisani ezintsha kunye amabhaso abantu abavela kwamanye amazwe.

Ukuphuculwa Order

Ekupheleni kwenkulungwane XIX kwaye utshintshe inkqubo lokunikezela uMyalelo degrees-3. Sele ukususela 1847 ukuze ibe lokongamela yesahlulo efunekayo ukuba siye kukhonza emkhosini okanye kwisikhundla segosa elingekho ngaphantsi kwama-8. Ukongeza, ngakumbi baza ekukhangelayo ngokomyalelo degrees-3. Ukususela ngo-1855 2 amakrele bawelela zaye zongezwa kuyo.

De phakathi kwenkulungwane XIX, wonke umntu ukuba ndimiselwe mbasa, wafumana ukongeza izibonelelo ezithile ukuba uMyalelo. Ngoko ke, ukongezelela nayiphi iqondo yoMyalelo obekumele ukuba kunye liqhawe, kodwa ngenxa yokwanda aphezulu amabhaso lo mthetho yatshintsha, eshiya izikhulu wesizwe ukuba igama kuphela abantu wawongwa Order weqondo 1. Abanye banikela isihloko kuphela amanene, hhayi ukudluliselwa abamlandelayo.

Xa kunjalo, ukuba mabhaso zanikwa abarhwebi okanye abantu abangakhange kuguqukela kubuKristu, baba abemi Wawongwa yoBukhosi baseRashiya, iye knighted.

Babantu abaninzi ezaziwayo-kakuhle, lawongwa Order:

• ULieutenant General Vasiliy Ivanovich Suvorov - imbasa Elizabeth.
• Generalissimo Aleksandr Vasilevich Suvorov - Holstein wafumana Order of St. Anne.
• Kutuzov, wamkela Order of St. Anna njengoko ibhaso yakhe yokuqala ka1789.

Lifetime Achievement Award

unxibelelwano ibheji. Anna okanye Imbasa-Anna, eyasekwa ngo-1796 yi uPawulos 1 yaye imbasa ngegolide engathi ngumfanekiswana, nto leyo embindini umnqamlezo obomvu. Kuye yanikezelwa emkhosini, leyo ukuxatyiswa ngaphaya kweminyaka engama-20.

Ukongeza bhaso wathembela ngakumbi imbuyekezo ngemali, imali leyo uxhomekeke ngqo kwi merit nobume uya kunikwa, kwaye akwazi ukufikelela $ 100.

Umyalelo 3 okanye 4 ngaphandle isaphetha kunye nemali zanikwa ukukhuthaza amagosa non-wathuma, ubude kwenkonzo ethe wenza kwiminyaka engaphezu kwama-10.

Award yoBukhosi Russian

• Qinisa Andreya Pervozvannogo - Peter kwam ngo-1698. Ukuvuzwa ngenxa sobukhalipha nokunyaniseka ukuya kwilizwe kunye uKhesare. Ngokutsho legend, uPeter Omkhulu, aza abuya kuhambo eNgilani, wayefuna ukuba imbasa efana oko akubona eRashiya.
• Order of Liberation - waseka uPetros Great ngo-1713. Ngexesha ubomi uPetros ndafumana eli bhaso evela esandleni mlawuli kuphela umfazi Catherine A .. A isiganeko ingenakulibaleka esenzeka November 24, 1714.

Kwixesha elizayo, baye bawongwa abafazi nosaziwayo Russian ukuba imisebenzi luncedo kwezentlalo. ekuqaleni Kuye wazalwa umvuzo yokuziphatha efanelekileyo umfazi komlawuli ngexesha iphulo akuphumelelanga Prussia ngo-1711.

Ngokutsho legend, emva kokuba imikhosi Russian Babengqongwe baseTurkey, uCatherine banikela izacholo zabo ukunyoba kumphathi-Turkish, ngoko amajoni waphumelela ekwenzeni uxolo babuyele ekhaya. AmaNgqina oku akuzange ukuqinisekisa ukuba ukudluliswa ngamatye nje isicengo, kodwa ukuziphatha endilisekileyo okhulelweyo uKumkanikazi kwaqatshelwa yi zonke emkhosini. Umyalelo waba grade 2, luphawulwa ezahlukeneyo amatye yokutrima. Le isidanga yokuqala encrusted kunye iidayimani, kwaye eyesibini - iglasi lazithwebula entabeni.

• Order Aleksandra Nevskogo - uCatherine I kuqaliswa ngo-1725. Lenzelwe ukuvuza amagosa karhulumente eziziisekondari. Ngokuba lixesha lokuqala ibhaso yenziwa ngokomyalelo ngosuku lomtshato uPetros I ukuya Catherine I. Le mbasa yafunyanwa abantu abali-18.
• Order Military of St George - wasungulwa uCatherine II ngo-1769. Zanikwa amajoni abaye babonisa isibindi ethile ekulweni. Ndibe degrees ezine umahluko.
• Order of Prince Vladimir - wasungulwa uCatherine II ngo-1782. Zanikwa abasebenzi kunye namagosa ezintlwini ephakathi. Inani abamkeli alibhekiseli. It yenziwa ngokwamazinga ezine ezahlukeneyo.
• Order of zonxibelelwano. Anne and Maltese Cross - wasungula noPawulos kunye nonyana wakhe Alexander I, zincediswa ukuze ayikokubambana ngendlela. degrees Anne 4 ngo-1797. Zanikwa abasebenzi emkhosini zamajoni, zizakubalulwa ngokulinganayo phambi komlawuli. Order of the Maltese Cross wabonakala xa iYiputa Malta bababamba, uNapoleon wanikela ngqo uMlawuli noPawulos ukwamkela isidima iNkosi Ozukileyo Order of St John waseYerusalem.
• Order of the White Eagle, i-Order of St. Stanislaus kunye Order of Virtuti alitari - oqalwe uNicholas I ngowe-1831. Le miyalelo ibe yinxalenye odolo Russian emva ukulawula ye-Russian Poland. Kuye thaca kwi amajoni Polish ukuba nesibindi ngokulwa. Kwaye ewonga ezi odolo kufuneka kwenziwe kuphela kwisithuba seminyaka emihlanu ukususela kumhla we ekupheleni kwemfazwe.
• Order of Princess Olga - wasungulwa uNicholas II ngo-1913. Kunikwa umfazi ngenxa ethwele benkonzo karhulumente. Ngokutsho iMbasa ibhaso kungenzeka umlawuli ngokwakhe, okanye umntu ezandleni wakhe diploma ekhethekile lombuso.

Ekupheleni kweli nqaku Ndingathanda kwakhona ukugxininisa igalelo elikhulu kakhulu pre-revolution Russia ubukhosi Elawula ekudalweni karhulumente mihla, imbali iphela Ukwakheka phezulu ukuya revolution ka-1917 ingalandwa ngokwemiyalelo ezifunyenwe yi babantu liphambili ixesha.