Imthetho Moldavian: imbali yemfundo, inkcazo, iingingqi kunye nemizi. Omakhwapheni kunye Moldovan SSR iflegi

Eli nqaku liza kujonga oko Moldavian SSR. Le Republic ise-ntshona egqithiseleyo abangakwaziyo yaseYurophu eSoviet Union, apho yingxenye. MSSR wadalwa ngo-1940, ngo-Agasti 2, kwaye ohlulwa ngo-1991, 27 Agasti. Empumalanga, ngasentla nangasezantsi ngayo ngomda kunye Ukrainian SSR, kwaye entshona - kunye eRomania. Ngowe-1989, abemi bayo 4337 amawaka abantu. Chisinau City yayilikomkhulu i MSSR.

Izixeko ezinkulu Moldova ngo-1989 kwakukho Chisinau (abemi 667,100), Tiraspol (181 900 abemi), Balti (158 500 abemi), Bender (abemi 130 000). Ngexesha iminyaka amandla Soviet kwiidolophu ezincinane needolophana kobokuqala landa isixeko Ungheni, Rybnitsa, Floresti, Edinet, Ceadir-Lunga, Comrat.

Kunye USSR Bessarabia

Urhulumente yiSoviet ngo-1940, 26 Juni 27, wathumela amanqaku amabini kwinkokheli isiRomania, leyo efunisa ngokukhawuleza ukugqibezela umsebenzi Bessarabia. ibhunga isithsaba isiRomania ayikwazanga ukufumana inkxaso yaseJamani Italy, ngoko kwafuneka ukuba ukunika imvume kolawulo eSoviet. URhulumente ngesiRomania yamkela kumanqaku isindululo ukususela ngoJuni 28, 1940 ukubuya Bessarabia, indlela kunye nexesha ekurhoxisweni uqhekeko kunye nolawulo. iiyunithi Red Army wangena ngosuku olufanayo (28 Juni) kwiphondo Bessarabia RSFSR.

Ulawulo lwe-9 Army aye ohlulwa ngoJulayi 10. Bessarabia kunye nomkhosi nomhlaba yashiywa kula mazwe yaba yinxalenye Odessa Military District.

ukubunjwa

Ngowe-1940, ngoAgasti 2, ebanjwe VII iseshoni ye-ePhakamileyo yiSoviet waseUSSR, eyavuma umthetho phezu ukusekwa kweManyano ye-Moldavian Republic.

Moldavian SSR kumafa yayo yaba zindawo ezilandelayo: counties 6 Bessarabia (Bender, Balti, Chisinau, Cahul, Soroca, Orhei) kunye nezithili 6 yangaphambili Moldavian ASSR (. Dubossarskii, Kamensky, Grigoriopol, Rybnitsa, Tiraspol, Slobozia) Imimandla ezishiyekileyo MASSR kunye Ismail, Akkerman kunye Khotin kwizithili Bessarabia batshintshelwa Ukrainian SSR.

Kamva, ngowe-1940, 4 Novemba, i-USSR Ephakamileyo Soviet Elawulayo wakhupha ummiselo eyaqinisekisa utshintsho imida phakathi MSSR kunye USSR. Ngaphambi nje oku, Molotov kunye Schulenburg wenza isivumelwano ezongezelelweyo, ngokungqinelana nalo nabantu German yoMntla Bukovina (ngaphezu kwama-14,000) kunye nakumaZantsi Bessarabia (malunga 100,000) asiwa eJamani. Ke emasimini engenanto ukuba zasekwa ezifama, apho bayamenywa abantu Ukraine.

Ukudalwa i Moldavian SSR lwaqhutywa phandle ngokukhawuleza. Ubume kwiriphabliki ziquka 61 abahlali c iyihlawule sisininzi sabantu 55 000 (zokuhlala 14 kwimimandla yangaphambili MASSR, 1 ilali, kwisithili Cahul, 46 emizaneni Bender ababekulo). By the Ukrainian SSR wafudukela kwiilali 96 elinabemi yabantu 203 000 (76 iilali kwisithili Khotyn, 14 - Akkerman no-6 - Ismail counties).

Ezi utshintsho ukushukunyiswa yokuba emizaneni Ukrainian SSR wadlula wabagagamela labemi Bulgarian, Ukrainian kunye Russian, ize kudluliselwa Moldavian SSR - Gagauz kunye Moldovan.

ngenxa

Ngenxa yoko, i-MSSR yaba kwintsimi buqu 33,7 amawaka macala onke. Km, elinabemi yemiphefumlo 2.7 million, i-70% yaba Moldovans. Chisinau yaba likomkhulu kwiriphabliki. Emva kokuba ngokuhlanganisa Bessarabia, i Moldavian SSR iphelelwe amawaka-10 ubude macala onke. Km zomhlaba kunye nabantu abazizigidi 0.5.

Wabanjwa waza wasiwa 8000 Ngowe-1940, abantu bomthonyama, kwaye ngo-1941 13 Juni - ngaphezulu kwe-30 amawaka.

Bessarabia ebudeni beminyaka yemfazwe

Ngexesha abahlali leMfazwe yeSibini yeHlabathi Bessarabia inxaxheba ekulweni macala omabini alwayo. Umkhosi isiRomania enabizelwa 10,000 Bessarabians: balwa eSoviet Union, yaye ngaphezu kwesiqingatha baye banikwa umphefumlo. Lo wenkululeko Moldavian SSR ukusuka umsebenzi isiRomania kwenzeka ngo-1944. Xa kwiriphabliki wathabatha imikhosi Soviet, waya phambi abemi 256 000 Moldova, apho ngo-1944-1945 uphelelwe ubomi babantu-40 592.

Imeko demographic

Ngoko ke, siye ingqalelo ukusekwa Moldavian SSR. Ukuba kwakuqhubeka ntoni? Ukubuyiselwa kuqoqosho republic entsha ye-USSR, uhlahlo lwabiwo zobuncwane wathunyelwa ukuya kwizigidi 448 engange. Okokuqala, iibhulorho, savuka imigca zonxibelelwano ngaphesheya Dniester liqhuma layohlala umkhosi isiRomania. i Red Army bathunyelwa sokuphuculwa kumacandelo ezoqoqosho ezinceda nabantu basekuhlaleni. Zonke Nistru lomlambo ukunqumla September 19, 1944 Kuye kwakhiwa, yaye Moldova Bakwazi yokungenisa oomatshini kunye nezixhobo. Ebusika 1945, kwiriphabliki ukuba yayithengwe izixhobo 22 imibutho emikhulu.

Imeko yezoqoqosho

Ukuze ukubuyisela mveliso Moldavian SSR wafumana amalahle (iitoni 226,000), izinyithi ayoni (iitoni 20,000), iimveliso oyile (51 000 tonnes). Ngu umzekeliso kwinqanaba ka 1940, iswekile yaveliswa ngowe-1945 ngaphezu kwe-16%, lo ijezi phezulu ngama-36%, i-oyile 84%, isitena nge-42%, umbane nge% neemfele nezihlangu-48 nge-46%. 226 yaye ngokutsha ngokuhlangeneyo kunye neefama 60.

republic abaninzi eSoviet (ubukhulu becala RSFSR) Moldova wadlulisela iinkomo (10,800 intloko), iigusha (47 700 intloko), iimbewu (iitoni 17.4), amahashe (17 300 intloko), ayibobuchule nokuhlawulwa amasimi kunye nangaphezulu. Noko ke, ngo-1946, indlala kunye nenani iinkomo aqala ukuncipha. Ngenxa yoko, ngenxa yezimvu 25 000 kunye neebhokhwe, walungiselela RSFSR, ngo-1947 uye wahlala akukho iintloko ngaphezu kwama-18 000. Ngowe-1949, abalimi nempumelelo bela lizwe, kunye nezixhobo zabo: izixhobo, umhlaba, imfuyo nezityalo - kudluliselwa kwiifama ehlangeneyo.

indlala

Njengoko ubona, i uncedo enomtsalane ezifunyenweyo Moldavian SSR. Ibali uya ukuba nangona oku, kweli lizwe kule ntlekele wafika ngowe-1946, nangona kunjalo, njengoko kwezinye iingingqi USSR. Ngo Bessarabia kwakukho ukunqongophala kokutya emva kokuphela kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II, yaye ngowe-1945, ndabona ehlotyeni owomileyo. Ngenxa yokunqongophala kokutya inani amatyala (ubukhulu becala ubusela) zanda.

Ngenxa yobunzima, abalimi baye baqalisa lokwala ukuya kunikezela isivuno (ingakumbi isonka) ngamandla. Ngamanye amaxesha ngokubambiseneyo iimveliso yonke zokuqokelelwa duba. Ezi ziganeko, abasemagunyeni ngokuba "iinyaniso neyethu mpilweni". Kungenxa yoko le nto kubunkokheli be-USSR wabakhulula Moldova ukusuka unikezelo sezibonelelo ezithile kwezinye republic eSoviet, kunye Red Army.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ukususela 1947 ukuya Moldova evela republic eSoviet Union engenisiwe ukutya engaphezulu.

Sovietization

Ubunkokheli eSoviet ukuqhubeka nkqubo Sovietization, 1940, imisiwe ngenxa yemfazwe. Power ngamandla aqiniswa kweli lizwe. I Ephakamileyo yiSoviet of the Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic kunye norhulumente emva kokubuya ngobungxamo, kuqala ibekwe e Soroca, waza ke waya Chisinau. Khokela ukuze kuvuselelwe abasemagunyeni bendawo: iikomiti Region zadalwa yi sabelo ngqo. Ekwindla ka-1944 waqalisa ukusebenza iikomiti olawulo komzi, kwakunye emaphandleni, kwisithili kanye County. Kuye ngokutsha imisebenzi utshutshiso kunye kwetyala.

Elawulayo Ephakamileyo Juni 16, 1949 wakhupha ummiselo osemthethweni ukusekwa kweekomiti olawulo wesithili, kamasipala, County kunye ilali. October 16 yapapashwa umthetho omtsha ekusekeni ukupheliswa counties nezithili. Tips - NgoDisemba 1947, unyulo lomasipala kwahlelwa kweli lizwe okokuqala emva kwemfazwe. Iikomiti Executive anyulwe iseshoni yokuqala qumrhu. ulawulo amasebe komishini ezizodwa wadala phantsi iikomiti olawulo.

nokuhanjiswa

Nabalimi belizwe xa bebonke, ngubani ikwazile imali zinto propati yabucala, zixhaswa yi eRomania ngowe-1941. Le iklasi wahlala e Moldova de-1949. Kwiminyaka 1944-1945, inkokheli eSoviet waxinwa force dekulakize ezinjalo abemi. Emzonda ne bepropathi bendawo amapolisa ndawo nxiba kwirekhodi. Urhulumente waseSoviet ibale ukuba ngowe-1946, wahlala phezu kummandla Moldova 27 025 abanini mhlaba babucala.

Emva kokuba imfazwe, indlala elizweni, ukuze kubekho intshukumo anti-eSoviet. Phakathi kubahlali basemaphandleni ezichaphazeleke yindlala, ziye zasasazwa amaphetshana nokubiza abantu ukuxhathisa urhulumente waseSoviet. Kunye amaphetshana anti-eSoviet wakhupha kwicala yonqulo, zawutwabulula ihlelo yasekuhlaleni.

Ngowe-1949 April 6th Politburo of the CPSU (b) badlula isindululo malunga ukuthuthwa Bessarabia, owayesakuba cultists, kulaks, abanini, oosomashishini kunye nabo ababesiza abahlaseli German kwaye ngesiRomania kwaye zancedisa Whites. Ngaphandle lizwe abagxothiweyo iintsapho lonke. Le nkqubo ibizwa ngokuba "Operation" South ". Moldova 11 290 iintsapho abantu 40 860 bagxothwa. impahla kuleli ocande ilifa karhulumente amandla kunye nemibutho iifama, nezindlu kunye nezakhiwo bathengisa kubantu abazimeleyo.

Moldova yaba yinxalenye eSoviet Union iminyaka engama-47 Agasti 27, 1991, phambi kokuba isibhengezo ukuzimela kwayo.

division zokuphatha

Yintoni eye ukumela Moldavian SSR? izithili zayo imali units 52 zibangelwa ngokwahlula counties ka November 11, 1940. 6 kwimimandla ngaphezulu lizwe onayo esuka kumncedisi we Moldavian ASSR.

Moldova wabamba counties zilandelayo:

• Bendersky (Bender, Kaynarsky, Volontirovsky, Comrat, Kaushansky, Cimislia Romanovsky kunye neendawo);
• Balti (Bolotinsky, Balti, Briceni, Bratushansky, Edinet, Glodeni, Kishkarensky, Lipkansky, Korneshtsky, Rîşcani, Singerei, Skulyansky, Faleshtsky Ungheni kunye neendawo);
• Kishinevsky (Buzhorsky, Budeshtsky, Kishinevsky, Calarasi, Kotovskij, Nisporeni, Leova kunye Străşeni);
• Cahul (Vulcaneshti, Baymakliysky, Kagul, Taraclia, kunye Kangazsky Ciadîr Lunga-imimandla);
• Soroksky (Vertyuzhansky, Ataksky, Zguritsky, Drochia, Cotiujanschi, Soroksky, Ocnita, Floresti Tarnovski kunye neendawo);
• Orhei (Kiperchensky, Bravichsky, Criuleni, Raspopensky, Orhei, Rezina, Telenesti kunye neendawo Suslensky).

Moldova waba zilandelayo zithili yokutyumba Republican:

• Dubossarskii;
• Grigoriopol;
• Rybnitsa;
• Kamensky;
• Tiraspol;
• Slobozia.

Yintoni enye ilifa Moldavian SSR? isixeko yokutyumba Republican babelandela kweli lizwe:

• Chisinau;
• Balti;
• ephuza;
• Tiraspol.

ubunkokeli

Ngoko ke, i Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic yinxalenye yiSoviet Union ngo-1940. abaphathi bayo abaphezulu waba i aseMoldova wamaKomanisi Party, nto leyo yaba yinxalenye CPSU. Ngowe-1990, ukuhlalwa kunyulo lamaqela yaqala. Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba umzimba eliphezulu Communist Party of the MSSR yaba iKomiti Central (CC). Ngowe-1940-1990 koko wabubhekisa unobhala yokuqala siseko weRiphabhliki Moldova CP.

Ngowe-1990, emva konyulo Epreli, kwasekwa ingqokelela i "Popular Front" (imibutho non-yobukomanisi) kunye namalungu athile ulawulo Moldovan Communist Party, wala ubuKomanisi. Oku kuboniswe ukwabiwa kwezithuba eziphambili: emantloko kwamandla olawulo bema abameli "Abantu Front", kwaye mthetho - wangaphambili ngamaKomanisi. Ukususela April 27 Septemba 3, 1990 ngentsika sihlalo ePhakamileyo yiSoviet of the Moldavian yabamba Mircea Snegur. Its okufanayo ngowe-1990, Septemba 3 wonyulwa umongameli wezwe. Mircea Druk waye nguSihlalo weBhunga labaPhathiswa of 25 Meyi 1990 ukuya kwi-28 Meyi 1991, ngoko ke le ndawo wathinjwa Muravskiy Valery.

IBhunga Supreme

Yintoni umzimba liphezulu lowiso Moldova kwiminyaka 1940-1991? Yaba iBhunga Ephakamileyo (enetsheyimba), apho namasekela (ngaphandle konyulo 1991), zinyulwe bungenazintshaba ngenxa emi-4 (iminyaka emi-5 ukususela 1979). Phambi konyulo, abaviwa ezivunywe yi iinkokheli Communist Party Moldova.

IBhunga Ephakamileyo ayikho ngumbutho esisigxina, amalungu ayo bahlanganisana amaxesha 2-3 ngonyaka kwiseshini, eyathatha iintsuku ezimbalwa. Ukuqhuba umsebenzi wolawulo tipolitiki ngokuqhubekekayo abanyulwe ukusebenza kaMongameli, ingqalelo intloko adibeneyo republic.

ingubo ingalo

Ngoku cinga ingubo iingalo Moldavian SSR. Olu luphawu yesizwe Moldavian SSR, ngokusekelwe ingubo lwesizwe eSoviet Union. Ngokutsho inqaku 167th loMgaqo-siseko Moldova, ezivunywe ngo-1978, Aprili 15, iqulathe umfanekiso ngehamile baza irhengqa, zibekwe elangeni. Le yokuqamba ingqongwe izikhwebu zengqolowa, izikhwebu zengqolowa, iqela iidiliya iribhoni ebomvu, apho kukho yimibhalo: emazantsi zincwadi Ebonakalayo "RSSM" kwicala lasekunene, uyakwazi ukufunda isilogeni Russian, On ekhohlo - oku ibinzana ebhalwe "sabasebenzi onke amazwe, ukuhlanganisa!" ulwimi aseMoldova. Phezulu kophawu lwesizwe zinokuhonjiswa inkwenkwezi-kwakubonisa ezintlanu.

Coat of Arms ye Moldavian SSR na iinguqulelo ezininzi. Ekuqaleni, ukuba yahlukile kuleyo upelo kade igama elithi "ukuhlanganisa" ulwimi aseMoldova kunye nobude imitha yelanga. Ingubo entsha iingalo Republic savunywa kwiseshini plenary ngurhulumente Moldova, lwenzeka ngo-1990, ngomhla we-3 kuNovemba.

iflegi

Kwaye kukhangeleka ngathi iflegi ye Moldavian SSR? It is a ebuxande ngelaphu-kabini ezimbini ibomvu, iziko apho elizeleyo ubude beqabe ngombala oluhlaza. Kwisiqalo ebomvu kwikona ephezulu ekhohlo uyinxalenye kwisiseko ngumfuziselo MSSR - ihamile kunye irhengqa kunye ebomvu zegolide-wakhomba ezintlanu, ozibiyele umda segolide column.

Green band uphethe omnye yesine ububanzi eli laphu. Isando irhengqa abhaliwe an yembutho wentelekelelo ngakubani ekwafanekisa le isihlanu ububanzi iflegi. Isiphatho ihamile kunye irhengqa ezikoneni asezantsi isikwere, yaye incakuba irhengqe waphumla kumbindi ecaleni layo elingentla.

star-etsolo Five nayo kuboniswe isangqa ubukhulu eqhelekileyo elingana ngolweshumi ububanzi web. ulawulo MSSR iphumeze lo myalelo iflegi kaJanuwari 31, 1952. panel olulandelayo ichazwe kwinqaku 168 loMgaqo-siseko MSSR 1978.

Sinethemba lokuba emva kokufunda inqaku lethu, ufumana umfanekiso epheleleyo Moldavian SSR.