Henry VII: izibakala umdla, abantwana. Capella Henry VII e Westminster Abbey

Waziwa njengomnye amanani impikiswano kunawo kwimbali eNgilani, umseki i Tudor basebukhosini ixesha elide. Kwathi ke, uHenry VII, waphumelela i-year programme War of the Roses (1455-1485). Ngulozinzisa elimiweyo iminyaka, ngemilinganiselo ngaloo minyaka, iminyaka engama-24.

imvelaphi

Henry VII Tudor, okwabizwa ngokuba Earl of Richmond, ukusuka kumgca elide begazi, leyo, Noko ke, akazange ibango kwitrone ngenxa mthethweni izinyanya lomtshato Henry - Owen Tudor - kunye Ekaterinoy Valua (umhlolokazi kaKumkani Henry V). Asiyi kungena nezo ahlobene yobukumkani, ngaphandle sithi ukuba utatomkhulu wakhe umseki Richmond Yohane of Gaunt Lancaster House.

Lo mntwana waba nendawo ekhethekileyo kunina, Margarity Bofort, engumhlolokazi iinyanga ezi-3 phambi kokuba unikezelo. Kodwa ngoko nangoko emva kokuzalwa wosana odolo kamama sathunyelwa eWales, yaye kamva UBrittany. UBrittany oselula Earl wafudukela eFransi. Ngaloo noMargarita wamsindisa York, abo babezimisele kutshabalalisa bonke iindlalifa ezingayingozi itrone Lancaster.

Umendo itrone

Umendo itrone yakhe yayinzima kwaye ebhedini. Uninzi Henry VII etyalwa unina wakhe. Yaba yena lowo kwavula indlela ukubuya kwakhe evela emkhosini ngo-1483, yena eliganelwe yindlalifa etroneni, Elizabeth York.

abonisa njani ukubuya ekhaya uHenry yabalasela kokoyisa kwakhe e Bosworth. Wayonakalisayo umkhosi uRichard III yabaphetheyo, uHenry VII Uyabahombisa ngokwakhe ekunene kwi isithsaba edabini, ezithatyathwe umlawuli kwabafileyo! Waza waqala uhambo lwakhe ukuya eLondon, apho iinyawo zakhe iwela imfazwe isixeko elibharhileyo. kumkani entsha wavuma! Yaba eyona ndlela yokuphuma eNgilane, ngenxa yokuba lo mlawuli unako nibambelele amandla ukuthintela igazi ngakumbi. Ngowe-1486 Henry VII utshata Elizabeth of York yaye obenza ukuzalwa kwabo wavuka waya rose eyaziwa ebomvu namhlophe ye Tudors.

urhulumente

Kanye ngamandla, uHenry VII, izibakala umdla atyikitya kweli nqaku, iqala wobukumkani bakhe lonke igunya, ngokunjalo iintsalela kwezi kugudiswa silwe Yorkist ukuba akuzange kube nzima kakhulu. King isekelwe phezu kwiinkundla yobukumkani, nyaka ngamnye ngokubanika amalungelo.

Ukuze amandla belingana naye uthi unina wakhe uMargaret, kodwa yena esingangqubaniyo kunye nonyana, nokumkani, ke, ngandlela zonke ezama ukukholisa unina, ogama uthando ukuba kuvinjwa iminyaka emininzi. Marguerite ukuba lukhulu, ukuba ukubeka ecaleni ngakwisiginitsha yakhe leta R, nto leyo yathetha ukuba isihloko yokumkani.

ukulwa iintshaba

Uzama ukufumana isikhundla sakhe, uHenry wayengekabi ezithambileyo ukuba izitha zabo. Ngoko ke, ezinye ke wahlala naye, ebayalela izithuba kuphela ezifana abapheki okanye imigangatho iqhoshana eyingozi ngakumbi entolongweni, kodwa abulawe omnye kuphela. Kodwa abo babemenzele iyelenqe wayengenalo ukunyamezelana, yaye ukuba umntu akazange afune ukuba basebenzise ithuba lesibini, ngokuqinisekileyo yajika ukuba agwetyelwe ukufa. Babulawelwa ubuke Genrih Tyudor akazange nje.

Iintlawulo neerhafu

Kodwa ke indlela ixakayo kwaye ngaxeshanye isebenzayo yomzabalazo ukuba urhulumente olomeleleyo ukusungulwa eninzi kwezohlwayo wasentsomini kunye irhafu. Kuba lo Henry VII Tudor ekuthiwa despot yokubawa, abaphangi nolungileyo. Ezinye kuwiswe izohlwayo ngakulo ukuba amanyathelo esele sizenzile. Ukumkani wayeyoliswa kakhulu enika akhonze angayiwayo umsebenzi ngokucacileyo nokwenzeka, ukuze ade achache kuloo emva kwabo bahlawuliswe ezigqithileyo. Ngenxa wemvula na ubuncwane yaye wayesenza amaqhinga kunye ihlebo kunye lentlawulelo, izityebi ukutyala entolongweni, izalamane ebonisa ukuba intlawulo, uyekele amabanjwa abamsulwa.

Joke efanayo wayedlala kwinqanaba eliphezulu kakhulu, xa kubiza epalamente ukubamba isixa ngeenxa zonke impi eFransi. Enyanisweni, France ayikho awangekalungeli ukulwa Henry VII wahlawula kabini mali ukwenzela ukuthintela imfazwe. Ukugcina umfanekiso uKumkani waseNgilani wayekade isibini amadabi, emva koko "noloyiso" wabuyela eLondon.

ziindlalifa

Kodwa simele ukumnika ngenxa yakhe: hayi efunde urhulumente enkulu, uHenry yomelezwa nesikhundla isithsaba, eshiya iindlalifa bakhe ubuncwane epheleleyo kunye namagosa atyetyisiweyo, abangazange bafune ukuba ndingawubhukuqi inkosi enjalo.

Akukho ziindlalifa bashiya ngasemva Henry VII Tudor? abantwana Bakhe - oonyana abathathu kunye neentombi ezine. Ethetha iindlalifa kufuneka igama ababini oonyana bakhe abathathu, uArthur Henry. Arthur ogama lakhe behlonipha edume Arthur, apho Genrih Tyudor wafuna kwakusasa (uze wakuba ungakufumani) iingcambu zabo. Ilivo wadala sentengo ukumkani, wathi sosana Arthur eziqulethwe ukumkani enkulu ukususela kumaxesha amandulo, ukuvuselela amandla owayesakuba eNgilani. Kodwa ke, unyana ungenamandla. Wafa entsha, kwiinyanga ezimbalwa emva umtshato kubalulekile dynastic ukuya Ekaterinoy Aragonskoy. Lo mhlolokazi umzalwana wakhe watshata unyana wesibini - Henry VIII.

Kananjalo wayeneentombi ezine Henry VII. UMariya Tudor wayetshate ukumkani eFransi, Louis XII, uElizabhete wanikwa King James IV of Scotland wamphuthuma nkqubo pro-British de kokufa kukayise. Badlale indima ebalulekileyo kuphuhliso eNgilani. Abazalwana noodade abaninzi kungquzulwano, yaye emva kokufa kukayise wakhe phantse wabatshabalalisa yakhiwa Genrihom Tyudorom uxolo-ethe.

Capella Henry VII e Westminster Abbey

Ngomhla ukufa ndacinga kwangethuba kwaye nkqu 1503 savela waqala ukwakha, apho nangoku esasibangela bengcangcazela phakathi kwabahlali of London kunye bayinqule abakhenkethi.

Capella Henry VII ibekwe e Westminster Abbey. Ngokwako kuyinto kuhlengahlengiso Chapel of Henry III. Uhlengahlengiso zabelwe imali crazy! Kodwa isiphumo akagwetyelwanga na indlela.

Chapel of Henry VII - umzekelo ezo mpawu aphezulu ongasekhoyo IsiNgesi Gothic. Esi sakhiwo kubonakala ngathi kulula, ubuhle eliphangaleleyo. Chapel ovuthayo ngaphakathi ngokusetyenziswa kwe ubumba hlaza nemhlophe. isakhiwo Openwork ulunika ukuzola ezulwini kunye ndandifeketha na. Yobuninzi nakwiingqameko kunye nasemagumbini kunye ntsimbi namacici ubumba edumileyo wenza bakhe omnye izakhiwo ezininzi iyaqhutywa.

Kwigumbi kukho Area ebizwa njalo-neembongi. Phakathi kwabo wangcwatyelwa apho Handel kunye Dickens, Apocrypha Uayld kunye ezindlwini Blake.

Ukufa olungenasiphelo

Korol Genrih VII Tudor wafa kwiminyaka eli-10 phambi kokuba kugqitywe ngokutsha ngayo ecaweni. Ke kaloku kwathi ngo-1509, babulawa sisifo sephepha, linyamezeleni inkosi kwiminyaka embalwa.

Kungenxa kule wobugcisa izakhiwo Bamngcwabela ukumkani kunye namalungu entsapho Henry VII. Umfazi wakhe, nabantwana, kwaye nkqu iindlalifa zikude Queen Elizabeth Tudor nembangi Maria Stuart Bloody wafumana indawo yabo yokugqibela yokuphumla kwezi ezindongeni. amangcwaba zawo ezihonjiswe eqingqiweyo exhamle ubuncwane izandla Pietro Torridzhiano.

Ixabiso kwimbali

Ubuntu Henry edidayo ngenxa yokuba Iyandonwabisa iingqondo mbali. Njengoko oluqinileyo, yena wayesaziwa ngokuba okhohlakeleyo, kodwa zibonakaliswa yezopolitiko obalaseleyo, wenguquko kunye yezoqoqosho. Uchazo ngolokuqala Tudor ugalelwe kunye ukuzingca kunye nokuzinikela lizwe, inkohlakalo kunye bhetyebhetye.

Lo Henry VII - ukumkani enkulu eNgilani, aphawula ukuqala elinye amakhosi onamandla kunayo yonke ixesha.