Injineli yaseMelika Umsunguli Robert Fulton: engobomi, ezeza anika umdla

Robert Fulton - elinye lamagama ezininzi umdla mihla siphila kuyo. Wokuzibonela iziganeko ezininzi ezinomdla, iqela imfazwe, umsunguli nesazi-nzulu. Kunokuba uluhlu olude na iimpawu ezingaqhelekanga lo mntu, kodwa kuya kuba ngcono ukujongana ilifa elo lasekhohlo bobempunde uRobert Fulton?

biography

Ubutsha ye umenzi elizayo kwenzeka eMelika. Umhla wokuzalwa - 1765. Indawo yokuzalwa - kwidolophu Little Britain. UYise uRobert wafa xa inkwenkwe wayeneminyaka emithathu ubudala. URobert nentsapho yakhe kwafuneka ukuba bafudukele kufutshane unina - kwidolophu encinane Lancaster. Apho, uRobert Fulton waqalisa isikolo.

Imfundo ye xesha eyashiya ukuba ezinqwenelekayo. Abafundi banikwa ukuba ngentloko ziingceba elide imisebenzi zamaGrike namaRoma, ubalisa ibali ubomi kumazwe akude yaseYurophu - ayimeleyo ikamva le Umsunguli inzala encinane. Apho kusenokwenzeka ukuba uchitha ixesha lemo ingcibi venkile endala emphethweni dolophu, ifuna ngokusebenzisa izixhobo onobu bugcisa ukuqokelela ezincane. Sele eneminyaka elishumi wenza umzobo yakhe yokuqala yobugcisa, yaye kamva kwi imizobo yakhe amanzi iphenyane umphunga-kunikwe yokuqala yehlabathi.

Emva kwisikolo samabanga aphakamileyo, uRobert Fulton uzama ngokwakhe kwishishini izacholo. Emva koko wazama ukuba abe draftsman. Ebona indlela siyaphela ulwazi, wagqiba phezu uhambo olude eNgilani - elikomkhulu ezintsha zobugcisa. Kulapha ukuba bonke ezaqanjwa Robert Fulton, kuba ekuqaleni ukuba imilo real - amaphupha ijike ibe yinyani.

Hlala e England

Robert Fulton wayehlala Benjamin West - ngegcisa elinye edume kakhulu ixesha. Akazange abashiye iphupha lakhe ukuba enze elwandle emkhombeni injini ngokwesiseko esitsha - akukho sinqanawa sibheqwayo kwaye akukho moya. Okokugqibela, le projekthi wadalwa. Umzobo yokuqala enqanaweni sele ingeniswe Government of England ngo 1793.

Ngowe-1797 waya kuhlala eParis, apho waqhubeka ukusebenza wokusungula lakhe ekhuthaza igama lakhe - uRobert Fulton. Biography of umsunguli kubonisa ixesha elizele yobomi bakhe. E Paris, Fulton ukufunda isiJamani kunye isiFrentshi, kuya kuphucula ulwazi lwabo of chemistry, ezobunjineli kunye nezibalo. Apha wadibana Umsunguli Dzheymsom Ramzi IsiNgesi owathi ngo-1786 bakha indiza le steamboat yokuqala West Virginia.

Kokukhatywa lokuvula

Ngu Franklin engalindelanga, ukufunyanwa yakhe ingqalelo into eziyifunayo, yokudlala engenamsebenzi. Admiralty iye yabonisa ukuba akukho uza ukutyala imali emkhombeni elidume azikho kwaukubakho. Ndaphoxeka uRobert Fulton kunye neeprojekthi zabo ukuya France apho sele efile phantsi revolution, uNapoleon weza amandla 1. Mhlawumbi France kuya kufuneka ukuba iiprojekthi ezintsha?

Robert Fulton and uNapoleon

Le amanqaku Bala Mirabeau, kukho kukhankanywa kwintlanganiso waseMelika kunye uNapoleon. Robert Fulton, umseki enqanaweni, wanikela uKhesare yaseFransi kukunika fleet neenqanawa ezitsha, nto leyo Undibekele ngokusebenzisa ngomphunga ihamba. Wabongoza umlawuli, ukuba koomatshini imfazwe enjalo uNapoleon 1 ngokukhawuleza weyisayo oyimbangi yakhe ingaphelelwayo - France.

Emva kokuphulaphula umenzi, uNapoleon wathi:

- Yonke imihla, ndabeka phezu kwetafile iiprojekthi ezimanyumnyezi kwaye zizakhele usisidenge ngakumbi oko akunakwenzeka. Nje izolo, ndaza wanikwa ilizwe kunxweme eNgilani amahashe, wayehleli dolphins ngesandla. Hamba umke - ukuba mhlawumbi omnye wabo crazy!

Okubangel 'umdla kukuba kwiminyaka esibhozo kuphela kamva, inqanawa IsiNgesi "Bellerophon" uNapoleon ngemoto ukuya kwisiza ethinjelwe yakhe yokuqala - kwisiqithi St Helena .. Elwandle evulekileyo inqanawa idibene umkhumbi IsiNgesi "Fulton" enambuzelayo ngoncedo iinjini umphunga.

Umkhumbi yamfikela "Bellerophon" kusithela lé. Njengoko wabona inqanawa American, uNapoleon wathi okubuhlungu:

- Not ukuphulaphula Fulton, ndaphulukana isithsaba wam.

Imikhumbi yokuqala

Okwangoku, Fulton bafuna abaxhasi ukwakhiwa imikhumbi yokuqala kunye injini umphunga, ngo-1800 ngwenya "Nautilus", ukoyisa ngqondweni ababebukele iye yabonisa eFransi. Kodwa iinjongo zomkhosi "Nautilus" kwakungekho okulungileyo, oko kade kakhulu, nokuhamba ngomkhombe fast ngokulula siyaphepha utshaba ngwenya. zokwakha ngakumbi iinqanawa wanqunyanyiswa, kwaye ixabiso lweenqanawa ezintywilayo ihlelwe iminyaka engamakhulu kuphela kamva - ngethuba leMfazwe yokuQala yeHlabathi. Mhlawumbi ziphefumlelwe mkhumbi iminyaka emininzi emva Verne yokubhala awufi "Captain Nemo". Ngowe-1803, amanzi Seine crisscrossing le umkhumbi kuqala. Kodwa ezinkulu-scale imveliso ayide ixesha elaneleyo kunye nemali. NoRobert Fulton ugqiba kwelokuba abuyele eMelika.

olwandle Ububi

E Melika, uRobert Fulton, kwiminyaka embalwa echithwe ekuphuculweni ivili iinjini imigaqo yokusebenza umphunga-anikwe amandla. Kwiminyaka emithathu kamva, emva kokubuyela kwilizwe lakhe ngasekupheleni kwehlobo ka-1807 le steamboat yokuqala yaphehlelelwa phezu kwamanzi Hudson. bexesha lakhe wambiza ngokuba "umkhumbi Northern Rivers of eClaremont," kodwa kwimibhalo zembali, waziwa ngokuba "Claremont". Enyanisweni, Claremont - igama welifa ezinye Fulton, leyo yayimi ngeekhilomitha 177 ukusuka eNew York. Lo moya wokuqala, "North River" wenziwa kwi-Hudson, ukusuka 'Umlazi-New York. " Kananjalo, ndikholose ngayo amathuba ezoqoqosho wokusungula, Fulton imisizi yakhe kwaye sele kulungiswe nokukhululwa ngeenqanawa eUnited States.

Steamboats e Russia

Ngowe-1813 Fulton wabuza urhulumente IsiRashiya ukuya anike amalungelo awodwa ukulungiselela ukwakhiwa umphunga umlambo kummandla yoBukhosi baseRashiya. UMlawuli Alexander 1 uzinikele zonke amalungelo kuyimfuneko, kodwa ukwenza ulandelelwano Government of Fulton kunye nako. Iminyaka emithathu akukho nqanawa awuthunyelwanga zifakiwe. Emva kokufa umenzi a bodwa 1815 ukulungiselela ukwakhiwa iinqanawa bathenga uCharles Byrd, owathi kulo nyaka usungule inqanawa yokuqala umphunga-ngamandla alo. yengxelo msitho yapapashwa "Nyana iLizwe loobawo" phephancwadi. Kwakhona waba ngowokuqala ukusebenzisa igama elithi "iphenyane", apho kamva abe yinxalenye zale mihla Russian.