Imbali mmandla Saratov kunye Saratov: maxesha iziganeko ezibalaseleyo

Kuye kudala emi phezu iVolga isixeko ezukileyo samandulo Saratov. Yasungulwa ngo-1590 njengenqaba ilinde imida kumzantsi-mpuma eRashiya, yaye ukususela ngoko ngaphezulu kwe amane eminyaka apha kubantu beentlanga ezininzi, le baseRashiya. Imbali Saratov izele iziganeko ezimangalisayo, oko alohlukaniswa yemihla iindaba zethu, ngoko umdla kakhulu. Esi sixeko saba embindini kummandla omkhulu nekhaya kwinani labantu ababalaseleyo, abanetalente ukukhonza ilizwe lakhe wabonakalaliswa ngokwabo kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo.

amagama ababini Saratov

Imbali has zonke izibakala eziphathelele kwezi ndawo, kodwa into akwaziwa.

Kwingingqi kuMbindi iVolga abantu besihlawule kudala. amabala yeMbonakalo yelizwe, ninendyebo namarhamncwa nentlanzi, umhlaba otyebileyo, amahlathi kunye nezinye izixhobo zendalo baye bakhokela mabutho Golden mkhosi lityhale bendawo, amaSarmatia zamandulo, ababehlala apha ukususela BC ngenkulungwane V kwaye wakha isixeko uvek, ezaba yokuhlala lesithathu ngobukhulu zonke Mongol-Tatar anazo. Oku kwenzeka, ngokutsho mbali kuqikelelo, ukususela VI ukuya VII AD kwekhulu Kuthathwa ukuba ukususela kweli xesha iqala imbali ukuvela Saratov, njengoko kwi ummandla ziko lommandla Russian Federation, elileli, kwisithili Zavodskoy kwaye ikule uvek. Igama mihla kweza kakhulu kamva, xa abantu iklasi inkonzo Russian umgca phezu Sokolova entabeni esilawula mmandla, enqabeni, ebizwa idolophu intlanzi abaselula. Yena enyanisweni bubudala ngemilinganiselo zelizwe lethu, kwiminyaka Russia 400 - hayi ubudala. Ngoko ke, wathi ubude Tartars kwathiwa Yellow. Ulwimi zamaTurkic ligama elizongomayo "zo otau" (Yellow Intaba).

Owasungula le "iimpahla iVolga" amathathu (Tsaritsyn, Samara kunye Saratov) waba HSH Prince GO Zasekin.

lizwe emva

Le nqaba yakhiwa phezu kodonga lasekhohlo yekhenopi. Akwaziwa oko kwenzeka 1813, kodwa wayitshisa phantsi. Mhlawumbi le nto yenzeke uwungqinge rhoqo, okanye ngenxa yokungakhathali omnye umntu ngomlilo. isixeko Wooden ngaloo maxesha ubunzima ukusuka imililo rhoqo. Engayoyiki le nyaniso, abahlali isixeko baye bafudukela kwenye eweni lomlambo omkhulu Russian, kuxhamle ngokudibana wayesiya kwenye ingozi amanzi (umlambo Saratovka) ukuququzelela wokhuselo yimpumelelo kuloo meko.

Kwaye ukuba ukukhusela ezi ndawo kwiintshaba-mbuya, iindleko. Fish usoloko vodilas ezindilekileyo, Intlanzi, Intlanzi, ukutya, Intlanzi, singasathethi ke Pike eqhelekileyo kunye catfish. Sele ebukumkanini uPetros I kwakukho ingubo ingalo. It sterlet ifomu kathathu uhlobo inkwenkwezi, uphawu le isebenza zokuhlala asebumelwaneni. Imbali Saratov iziko lwerhuluneli iphela ngo-1782, xa isixeko yaba iziko lephondo. Nangoku uhlala kweli phondo, elide lizolile, njengoko oko kungqinwa umgca kulo mbongo "Yeha evela Wit", ebhalwe ngo-1824 AS Griboyedov. "Xa entlango, e Saratov ..."

Isiyaluyalu noqhankqalazo

Ubomi City, Noko ke, kunzima ukuba igama ozele. Ezinkathazweni, iinkani, luqhankqalazo ezithandwayo kunye imfazwe liqengqiwe izihlandlo ezininzi kulo mhlaba. Ngowe-1604 kwakukho yokuguguma inkanuko malunga iikulya of Murom, ababesithi uPetros Fedorovich, unyana wokumkani. awuthimba yamahlwempu Stepan Razin umkhosi umzi-1670, kunye nenkokeli yalo awabeke kwikomkhulu kwakhe, Cossack District. Nasemva kweminyaka 37 imbali Saratov zazaliswa komnye episode sedrama, ekungqingweni, nasekuxinweni eentloko ezaxhobela Kondrat Bulavin. Kangangezihlandlo ezibini watyelela apha yokuqala Russian UMlawuli uPeter Omkhulu (1695, 1722) yaye wayalela ukuba kwandiswe indawo esiyi yi kumatyotyombe ebalulekileyo. Asizange sidlule esixekweni kunye neziganeko ezinxulumene igama elinye bhedengu Emelyana pugacheva. Apha ke wabanjwa emva ingcinezelo uqhushululu.

Uphuhliso lwemizi-mveliso kweli phondo Saratov yenkulungwane XIX

boom Uphuhliso Industrial obujikeleze uBukhosi Russian ngenkulungwane XIX, nempembelelo ukukhula ngokukhawuleza kwemveliso kunye norhwebo amandla kummandla iVolga. Kodwa ngaphambi kokuba kwiindawo eziphambili nathembisayo yemisebenzi yoqoqosho ziye zachongwa ngoosomashishini buthelezi. Yakha mveliso, sikhule ephala zobugcisa kunye namalaphu. Ngokwemisebenzi wabizwa Saratov isitalato. Imbali uye wayilondoloza ngenxa mva Kuznetsk, Myasnitskaya, Salt, Shelkovichnaya Tulupnaya, Brick ezimbini Kostrizhnye (Big amaNcinane) (phantsi igama Iflakisi kunye nenkunkuma imveliso hemp). Phakathi kwinkulungwane yokugqibela itshintshele kwicala lulonke yophuhliso kummandla kwicala imveliso mveliso kunye processing. Elinesihlanu lamakhulu okugaya esikufumanayo emizini kwiphondo (Khvalynsk, Volsk) kunye needolophana ezininzi. okubonakalayo Local (udongwe-quality) wakhuthaza oosomashishini asekuhlaleni ukwakha nokuphuhlisa mveliso ezivelisa ngezitena zodongwe. Technique esetyenziswa zezoshishino, ulondolozo lwezakhiwo eziyimfuneko kunye nokusebenza.

A igama elikhethekileyo umbulelo ifanelwe enkulu Russian wenguquko PA Stolypin, ngubani waba yirhuluneli apha kwaye wahlala phezu esitratweni Volskaya.

Saratov merchant

Trade - Iqabane ebalulekileyo shishino kunye norhwebo. Abarhwebi iVolga eRashiya zaye ingqalelo abantu abakhethekileyo abaxabise igama, njalo njalo ilizwi. Kodwa kwezinye iimeko, yaye ngoko, ngenkulungwane XIX, oko kufuna ukuqinisekiswa bakhi, ingakumbi xa ekuphelisweni izivumelwano ezingundoqo kunye namaqabane ezingaqhelekanga. Apha, enye bureau yokuqala lamatyala eRashiya ahlelwa. Saratov yaba logistics iziko ebalulekileyo kwi iVolga, elifumileyo kwindawo yesithathu neyesine kwi ubukhosi ngokwemiqathango ingeniso.

Le Abarhwebi bezo eminyaka ochaphazelekayo kuphela malunga Barysh, waza wafuna ukuba ashiye ngasemva memory elungileyo. Enkosi kubaxhasi Azarov, Zlobin, POZDEEV kunye nezinye udini ezininzi ezibalulekileyo natyetyiswa amaziko enkcubeko (theatre, zobuciko, B & B). kwiitempile ezakhiwe, izibhedlele, umthambo, iimyuziyam kunye namanye amaziko amaninzi ukuze eziluncedo ekuhlaleni. abarhwebi abaninzi abathi amakholwa Old, waza wabonakala ngokomyalelo uCatherine Omkhulu kummandla iVolga. Bakwazi ukufumana ulwimi okudibeneyo amalungu ezinye iicawa abahlala kuloo mmandla, yaye wazisa inzuzo enkulu kweli phondo.

amandla Soviet

Iziganeko yotshintsho olululo kunye nengcitho imfazwe fratricidal sichaphazele kwezoqoqosho kunye imeko neyoqoqosho yommandla iVolga nzulu. Ekuchithweni lukhulu kangangokuba kuphela ngowe-1927 lo mmandla yakwazi ukuya kwi ezinye neziphawuli nako ndoqhayisa liphondo yasebukhosini bangaphambili. Negalelo kule nkqubo yezoqoqosho omtsha kubhengezwe inkokheli yamaBolshevik. Collectivization ngokwesiseko zatshintsha isakhiwo lali, ayaphula indlela yokuphila, nto leyo kwimveliso yezolimo waya ukwehla. Kweli phondo kwakukho amatyala rhoqo Sasungulwa uqhushululu, ababalulwa ekutshatyalalisweni ngezigaba kokutya emzimbeni intshabalalo-collectivizers namatshantliziyo. Ezi ukuvukela zaye zicinezelwa kalukhuni.

Banesifo kunye novalo ezibulalayo

Kuyo banesifo kwenzeka nokuxhotyiswa industrial, isabelo kwemveliso yoshishino yaba ngumba ku lawula kwindawo sophuhliso.

Imbali kwisixeko Saratov kule minyaka imfazwe ngqwabalala kutyhilwa amandla elikhulu kummandla multi-yobuhlanga. Kule ndawo abasuswe imveliso, ngaphambili kuqhutyelwa imimandla yelo ukuya endaweni ka nomsebenzi okwethutyana. Ezi ziquka ukuthunga, umatshini-isakhiwo kunye namanye amashishini. Saratovchane nesibindi balwa imiphambili. Umzekelo, inani bendawo elinye kuphela indawo encinane kwiziko lesithili, kwidolophu Volsk wawongwa Hero isihloko eSoviet Union ebudeni bemfazwe lafika amahlanu.

Saratov baseJamani

nabafiki German ukususela kwinkulungwane XVII ngokuzithandela ahlala kulo mmandla otyebileyo. Imbali kwiphondo Saratov yaye alondolozwe kuthi amagama amakhulu zokuhlala kwabayilwileyo isandi German (Rosenberg, Unterdorf, Rosenberg, Balzer, njl) bahlali baye walondoloza ungubani lazo esizweni, amaLuthere inkolo, ulwimi kunye nenkcubeko, ngaloo ndlela esiba abantu Russian kunye amathanda sizwe. Neman kunye negalelo labo uphuhliso lwezoqoqosho kummandla.

amagama German baqalisa shwaka imaphu ngo-1915, ebudeni bemfazwe waseJamani. IVolga kufika zabuyiselwa emva kokuba Februwari Revolution. Emva kokuba beza iiBolsheviks kumandla, nangona ukubethabethana zabo inguqu, uhlobo nokuba iVolga German Ukuzilawula Soviet Socialist Republic (ASSRNP), eziquka cantons 22 (ummandla uwonke-25 amawaka macala onke. Kweekhilomitha M., imizi emine, inemizana phantse 550 needolophu, abemi ngaphezulu kwama-500 lamawaka. keli.). Ngowe-1941 uyekwa kwaye labemi yaseJamani eyayigxothiwe, isikakhulu eMntla Kazakhstan naseMpuma eSiberia. Imfundo yolawulo ilahlekile zifana amagama amabini Abasindileyo izixeko Engels (Pokrovsk, malungana Saratov, iVolga) kunye Marx (Marksshtadt).

Eyona Ubutyebi abantu

Namhlanje Saratov Iphondo - enye kwimimandla ezibalulekileyo Russian Federation, i mveliso yenkcubeko, iziko inkulu, ezobunzululwazi kunye emfundo icandelo ephuhliswe lezolimo kuqoqosho. Ikhupha moya odumileyo "Yak", isamente kakhulu ehlabathini, ukwenza imiyalelo yokhuselo ophezulu-zobugcisa, ukwakha ezahlukeneyo koomatshini ngeenjongo zoxolo, ivelisa iimveliso ukutya okuninzi. Kodwa ubutyebi iphambili yalo mmandla mhle, elisuke laba intliziyo Russia, kuba abantu emangalisayo, zinetalente nzima. Ukuba ubhale imbali Saratov, Balashov, Volsk, Balakovo kunye nazo zonke izixeko namanye, iilali needolophu yalo mmandla emangalisayo.

Le lokufaka nje abantu bendawo odumileyo Saratov kuzakuthatha ixesha kunye nendawo elininzi. Phakathi kwezi ababhali Leo Kassil, Alexander Yakovlev, abaqambi Kuzma Petrov-Vodkin, PV Kuznetsov (lowo ababhala "Kalinka" edumileyo), ehlabathini cosmonaut yokuqala uYuri Gagarin, abaqhubi-amaqhawe uViktor Talalikhin and Yakov Shishkin , uMdali imijukujelwa Academician PD Grushin, abadlali Oleg Tabakov, Oleg Yankovsky kunye Gleb, yimbongi fabulist Krylov kunye nabanye abaninzi. Imbali Saratov unxulunyaniswa amagama moya DC Isemoyeni, lo umbhali uMikhail Bulgakov, umzobi Vrubel, uYuri Bykov (ngumdali kweenkqubo zonxibelelwano space), kodwa hayi zonke kuluhlu.

Ngoko ke abantu abaninzi abanetalente ingaba nomntwana lowo, amvelisele kuphela emphethweni engaqhelekanga.