Habsburgs ukusuka abathetheli Austrian olunamandla ukumkani Europe

Habsburg ubukhosi eyaziwa ukususela ngenkulungwane XIII, xa abameli balo baba ezimbini e-Austria. Ngomhla phakathi XV kwinkulungwane ukuya ekuqaleni XIX benza igcina isihloko amakhosi oyiNgcwele uBukhosi baseRoma, kuba ngookumkani zinamandla belizwekazi.

Imbali Habsburgs

Umsunguli uhlobo owayephila X kwinkulungwane. Ngawo namhlanje, akazange asinde phantse akukho lwazi. Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba inzala yakhe, Graf URudolf, bathenga umhlaba eOstriya phakathi kwenkulungwane XIII. Eneneni, ukuba nelaye lasisiseko Swabia yaba ezantsi, apho abameli ngaphambili ukuba izinyanya nqaba ubukhosi. Igama le nqaba - Gabiskhtsburg (ukusuka isiJamani - "Intambanane-lock") ndakunika igama ubukhosi. Ngowe-1273, uRudolf wonyulwa nguKumkani amaJamani kunye noMlawuli we oyiNgcwele bonke uBukhosi baseRoma. Waphumelela evela Czech uKumkani Premysl Otakar Austria kunye Styria, kunye noonyana bakhe Albrecht noRudolf waba Habsburgs yokuqala, obelawula Austria. Ngowe-1298, Albrecht ilifa uyise kwisihloko umbusi nokumkani waseJamani. , Yaye kamva ngaloo etroneni elinyuliweyo kunye nonyana wakhe. Kodwa ke, kuyo yonke loo ngenkulungwane XIV, isihloko loMlawuli of the Holy baseRoma uBukhosi kunye uKumkani amaJamani kunjalo kunyulwa phakathi abathetheli German, yaye abazange ezongezelelekileyo amalungu ubukhosi. Kuphela 1438, xa uMlawuli Albrecht II lokuba, i Habsburgs ekugqibeleni banalo isihloko. Ngaphandle kwalandela enye kuphela xa amandla nobukhosi wenza Elector yaseBavaria embindini kwinkulungwane XVIII.

Le abenzi bemilingo labalawuli

Ukususela kule Ixesha Habsburg ubukhosi ukuzuza amandla ngakumbi ukufikelela phezulu ezikrelekrele. Impumelelo labo wabeka nkqubo ngempumelelo loMlawuli Maximilian mna, owayelawula kwi XV kade - ekuqaleni lwekhulu XVI. Enyanisweni, impumelelo yayo engundoqo yaba umtshato uphumelele: ngokwabo, nto leyo amenza eNetherlands, yaye unyana ka uFilipu, kangangokuba Habsburgs yabanjwa Spain. Malunga umzukulwana Maximilian kaThixo, uCarlos V, wathi ukuba ubukhosi bakhe ilanga ze - ngoko yanwenwa ngamandla alo. U fanele eJamani, eNetherlands, iinxalenye eSpeyin Italy, kwakunye nezinye izinto kwi Yehlabathi Elitsha. Habsburg ubukhosi wafumana ephakeme kunazo bamandla akhe.

Noko ke, ngexesha lokuphila karhulumente kumkani enkulu waba zahlulo. Ukufa kwakhe, nabo bonke emva zawa ngaphandle, emva apho abameli ubukhosi ekwabelwana impahla zabo kunye nabanye. KuFerdinand ndaya Austria kunye eJamani, uPhilip II - Spain Italy. Kwixa elizayo, ezi Habsburgs, ubukhosi ukuba yahlulwe kwamasebe amabini, akusekho omnye. Kwezinye maxesha aboniswa izalamane zichasene. Njengokuba kwakunjalo ngexesha leMfazwe Iminyaka Engamashumi ku EYurophu. Ukoyisa Abahlaziyi ukuba hit kanzima ngamandla kwamasebe amabini. Ngoko ke, ekubeni * uKhesare of the Holy uBukhosi baseRoma zange impembelelo kobokuqala, leyo ezinxulumene ukuvela ithi wempangelo eYurophu. A Habsburgs Spanish kwaye wonakalelwa etroneni yakhe, wanika Bourbons.

Phakathi kwinkulungwane XVIII, abaphathi Austria Joseph II kunye Leopold II kwabanye ixesha ayikwazi kwakhona okuvusa udumo namandla ubukhosi. Le zebhola yesibini, xa Habsburgs baba kwakhona nempembelelo eYurophu, yathatha malunga nenkulungwane. Noko ke, emva kokuba revolution ka-1848, ubukhosi ulahlekelwa bodwa layo igunya, naxa ubukhosi bakhe. Austria iba lobukhosi mbini - Austria-Hungary. Ukongeza - it ayibuyiseki umva - kwawa inkqubo iye yalityaziswa kuphela ngenxa charisma nobulumko ebukumkanini Frantsa Iosifa, ngubani umlawuli wokugqibela weli karhulumente. Habsburg ubukhosi (photo Frantsa Iosifa ekunene) emva kokoyiswa kwi leMfazwe yokuQala yeHlabathi kusasebenza ngokupheleleyo bagxothwa kweli lizwe, naphezu emanxuweni bukhosi ngowe-1919, kwakukho iqela geqe yesizwe.