Gregor Mendel - umsunguli yemfuza

Mendel kwaba indela kwaye bekumnandi enkulu ukuze baqhube iiklasi kwimathematika zemvelo kwisikolo apha. Kodwa wasilela Kwathi isiqinisekiso likarhulumente kwisikhundla ngutitshala. Abbot wabona wayenxaniwe ulwazi amandla eliphezulu kakhulu krelekrele. Wathumela ukuba i-University of Vienna zemfundo ephakamileyo. Apho Gregor Mendel wafunda iminyaka emibini. Wayesiya iiklasi zenzululwazi zendalo kunye neMathematika. Oku kwamnceda ukuba ukuqulunqa nangakumbi imithetho ilifa.

iminyaka esingenakuzibona academic

Gregor Mendel yaba umntwana wesibini kwintsapho abalimi ngeengcambu isiJamani kunye Slavic. Ngowe-1840, lo mfana izidanga iiklasi ezintandathu zokufunda kwisikolo samabanga aphakamileyo, yaye kunyaka olandelayo wangena kwiklasi bulumko. Kodwa ngaloo minyaka, imeko yezimali ntsapho iye saxabana, kunye Mendel oneminyaka eli-16 ubudala kwafuneka ukuba anyamekele ukutya kwabo. Kwakunzima kakhulu. Ngoko ke, emva kokugqitywa uqeqesho esikolweni yentanda waba mafikizolo kwi woonongendi.

Hi ndlela leyi, igama wamnika ekuzalweni - uJohann. Sele isigodlo sakhe yaziwa Gregor. Oko wakwenza apha akulolize, njengoko yemibutho kunye nenkxaso-mali, nto leyo ukuba baqhubeke nezifundo zabo. Ngowe-1847 yena lwaqaliswa kungena nobubingeleli. Ngeli xesha ke wafundiswa Theological School. Apha kukho ilayibrari osisityebi, nto leyo iba nefuthe entle ekufundeni.

Seal nomfundisi

Gregor, owayengazi ukuba - ngunozala elizayo yemfuza, olwenziwe iiklasi esikolweni kwaye emva kokuba ukungaphumeleli isiqinisekiso waba eyunivesithi. Emva kokuphumelela kwakhe Mendel wabuyela emzini Brunn yaye baqhubeka ukufundisa zenzululwazi zendalo kunye physics. Wazama ukuba ezingqinisisiweyo kwisikhundla ngutitshala, kodwa ukuzama yesibini ndingungantweni.

Ukuhlola peas

Kutheni Mendel ithathwa nguyise yemfuza? Ukususela ngo1856 nguye egadini weemonki waqala ukuhlola olubanzi nophambili ezinxulumene izityalo lokuzala. On umzekelo ertyisi nto ichaza indlela yelifa uphawu ezahlukeneyo izityalo siyinzala gqith. Emva kweminyaka esixhenxe yemifuniselo sele zigqityiwe. Yaye isibini iminyaka, ngo-1865, iintlanganiso Society of bemvelo Brunn, wenza intshumayelo kumsebenzi owenziwayo. Emva konyaka wapapasha inqaku lakhe malunga experiments kwi hybrids zezityalo. Kuyinto ngenxa bambeka yemfuza iziseko njengoko isiyalo lwenzululwazi ezimeleyo. Ngenxa oku, Mendel - umseki imizila yemfuza.

Ukuba izazinzulu ngaphambili ukuba zonke bahlanganisane kunye nemigaqo ifomu, Gregor wenza. Bona imithetho uphando lwezenzululwazi zidaliwe kwaye inkcazelo ibhastile nto, kwakunye nenzala yabo. inkqubo notation ubhalo iimpawu saphuhliswa kwaye isicelo. imigaqo Mendel ababini aliqulunqileyo, apho ukwazi ukwenza iingqikelelo malunga ilifa.

ukuqaphela kamva

Nangona inqaku ncwadi yakhe, lo msebenzi omnye kuphela ngokutsha positive. Kakuhle ngayo imisebenzi sisazinzulu German Mendel Naegeli, naye wafunda hybridization. Kodwa yena waba amathandabuzo malunga yokuba imithetho ezityhilekileyo kuphela ertyisi, kunokuba jikelele. Wacebisa ukuba Mendel, umseki yemfuza, ukuhlola ngokuphindaphindiweyo kunye nezinye iintlobo zezityalo. Gregor kunye nivumelene ngentlonelo.

Wazama ukuphinda yemifuniselo kwi Hieracium, kodwa iziphumo aluphumelelanga. Yaba kuphela iminyaka emininzi kamva, kwacaca ukuba kutheni. Eneneni ukuba imbewu ziveliswa ngaphandle ukuzala ngokwesondo. Bekukho nezinye iimeko kwimigaqo ezakhokelela umseki ngayo imizila yemfuza. Emva kokupapashwa izihloko zezityalo udumileyo, uqinisekise uphando Mendel kaThixo, ukususela kowe-1900, kwakukho ukuqaphela umsebenzi wakhe. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, kuba ngowe-1900 kucingwa unyaka wokuzalwa kwale nzululwazi.

Bonke Mendel wafumanisa, kwamenza waqonda ukuba imithetho zichazwa nguye ngoncedo lwe-ertyisi, abantu jikelele. Kwafuneka nje ukuba benze ezinye izazinzulu. Kodwa lo msebenzi nje nzima, kanye njengoko izinto zesayensi. Kwaye ngenxa ekuyazini inyaniso kunye nokuqonda kwabo - zizinto ezahlukeneyo ngokupheleleyo. uvula bayahlelwa oonyana yemfuza, oko kukuthi, ukubambezeleka kunyaka-35 phakathi lokufunyanwa yena ingqalelo yakhe kawonke - oku akukho nto imangalisayo. Ngesayensi, oko Kuyinto eqhelekileyo. A leminyaka emva Mendel, xa zofuzo kuye umjojo, bebonke isiphelo sinye ezehlela ukuvulwa IMcClintock, abangazange ingqalelo iminyaka engama-25.

lemveli

Ngowe-1868, i-nzulu, umseki yemfuza, Mendel waba umphathi woonongendi. It Iphelile phantse ngokupheleleyo ukuba isayensi. Xa amanqaku yakhe kwiindawo ezigcinayo Ezolimi zifunyenwe, ukufuya neenyosi, kwakunye meteorology. Xa isayithi ye woonongendi ngoku likwaneklinkhi imyuziyam ogama Gregor Mendel. Kwakhona igama emva kwakhe kwijenali yenzululwazi ezizodwa.