Kwengqondo e uncwadi - a uncwadi ... bengqondo: definition nemizekelo

Yintoni kwingcingane kwiincwadi? Inkcazo le ngcamango asisiniki umfanekiso opheleleyo. Kufuneka ibe imizekelo imisebenzi yobugcisa. Kodwa ukuba sithe, ngamafutshane, kwingcingane kwiincwadi - lo mfanekiso yehlabathi engaphakathi hero ngokusebenzisa ezahlukeneyo ngeendlela. Umbhali usebenzisa inkqubo lwezixhobo zobugcisa, nto leyo evumela ukuba kuvele imeko engqondweni ubunzulu nomlinganiswa kunye neenkcukacha.

ukuba nombono

Kwengqondo e ncwadi - ke ukutshintshwa umbhali ihlabathi ngaphakathi umfundi ngayo abalinganiswa bakhe. Ukukwazi yokudlulisela ukushukumisa iimvakalelo ziye kunye nezinye iintlobo zobugcisa. Kodwa iincwadi, ngenxa imifanekiso yayo, uyakwazi ukumela imeko engqondweni yomntu ukuya nkcukacha zincinane. Umbhali, ezama ukuchaza ihlabathi engaphakathi uTshawe, ehamba inxalenye bembonakalo yayo yangaphandle, ingaphakathi. Amaninzi kule loncwadi ngokukhutshelwa nezengqondo yabalinganiswa usebenzisa le ndlela, njengoko landscape.

yamaciko

Psychology kwiincwadi - ukubhengezwa ihlabathi lwangaphakathi amaqhawe, ekusenokwenzeka ukuba umlinganiswa eyahlukileyo. Kwisihobe, yena idla i phawu oludlulisa. hero lyrical udlulisela iimvakalelo zakhe okanye esisa anze nasengqondweni. Injongo ulwazi hlabathi ngaphakathi umntu kumsebenzi zemibongo nzima. Iimvakalelo kunye neemvakalelo kudluliselwa kakhulu ezikhathazayo. Kunjalo wathi yemisebenzi enzima, apho amava engaphakathi hero wadlula monologues.

Umzekelo olothusayo lobuninzi bengqondo kwisihobe yi umbongo Yesenin "umntu omnyama". Kulo msebenzi umbhali adlulisele nangona iingcinga zayo kunye neemvakalelo, kodwa yenza elufeleni ngakumbi, ngokungathi ubukele icala. Le hero lyrical lo mbongo kukho incoko nomntu othile. Kodwa kwimveliso ekupheleni kwenzeka ukuba akukho interlocutor hayi. Black lumele abantu ingqondo abagulayo, wazohlwaya, ingcinezelo amaphutha.

iprozi

uncwadi Psychology yayiyeyona yaphuhliswa kwinkulungwane yeshumi elinesithoba. Iprowuzi enoluhlu olubanzi amathuba ngenxa yokuvulwa ihlabathi embilwini woMntu. Kwengqondo e iincwadi Russian sele isifundo yokufunda abaphandi basekhaya angaphandle. Zobuchule obusetyenziswa ngababhali Russian kwinkulungwane yeshumi elinesithoba, ibolekwe umsebenzi wakhe ababhali kamva.

imifanekiso System, leyo inokufunyanwa iinoveli Lva Tolstogo kunye Fedor Dostoevsky for ababhali umzekelo mbumbulu ehlabathini lonke. Kodwa kufuneka wazi ukuba kwengqondo e uncwadi - isici na ukubakho kuphela xa lomntu lixabiso elikhulu. Yena angabi nako ukukhula kwinkcubeko leyo authoritarianism sizalwa. Kule ncwadi, leyo isebenza ukuwiswa izimvo, hayi kuba umfanekiso nezengqondo bomntu apho unako.

kwengqondo Dostoevsky kaThixo

Ingaba igcisa utyhila njani ihlabathi engaphakathi beqhawe? Xa inoveli "Ulwaphulo-mthetho kunye Ukohlwaya," umfundi uyakwazi na iimvakalelo kunye neemvakalelo ngokuthi kuchazwe imbonakalo Raskolnikov kaThixo, zangaphakathi igumbi, kunye nomfanekiso ka-mzi. Ukuze atyhile konke oko kwenzekayo umphefumlo hero, Dostoevsky ayiphelelanga echaza iingcinga zakhe amazwi.

Umbhali ubonisa imeko uhleli kuyo Raskolnikov. yokugcina Little efana ngubo, efuzisela ukusilela iingcamango zakhe. igumbi Sonia, phezu koko, zibe banzi kamnandi. Ke okona kubalulekileyo, Dostoevsky lihlawula ingqalelo ekhethekileyo emehlweni. Raskolnikov ke weentsonkotha mnyama. Sonia - abalulamileyo oluhlaza. Kwaye, umzekelo, phambi Svidrigailov uthe nto. Hayi ngenxa yokuba umbhali balibala ukunika inkcazo emzimbeni lomlinganiswa. Kunoko, konke oko, ngokutsho Dostoevsky, abantu abanjalo Svidrigailov, yaye akazange abe nawuphi na umphefumlo.

kwengqondo Tolstoy

umlinganiswa ngamnye kule inoveli "War Noxolo" yaye "Anna Karenina" - isampulu yendlela inkosi ngokungangqalanga zokuvakalisa ezobugcisa lisenokuthetha kuphela inimba iimvakalelo hero, kodwa ubomi wayiqhubela phambi kwezi ziganeko kuthethwa. Iindlela kwengqondo e zoncwadi anokufunyanwa imisebenzi German, eMelika, French ababhali. Kodwa Lva Tolstogo inoveli isekelwe kwinkqubo imifanekiso ezintsonkothileyo, nganye kutyhilwa ngengxoxo, iingcinga kunye neenkcukacha. Yintoni kwingcingane kwiincwadi? Imizekelo - engqondo "Anna Karenina" inoveli. Eyona idumileyo - uyoyika ndawo. Kulo mzekelo ukufa yombhali zehashe ityhila ukuzingca Vronsky, nto leyo kamva ekhokelela ekufeni Heroine.

Kunokuba nzima kwaye ingacaci Amafa uAnny Kareninoy emva kohambo eMoscow. Xa umyeni wakhe, yena ngesiquphe uyazibona i imilo mgaqweni kweendlebe zakhe - inkcukacha, ngaphambi kokuba ayizange ukunikela ingqalelo. Kakade ke, lo msebenzi osemqoka ayikho Karenina imbonakalo kuyasibhebhetha umfazi wakhe. Kodwa ngoncedo iinkcukacha ezincinane umfundi ufunda indlela ebuhlungu Heroine zitshate ubomi ezele uhanahaniso engeva nokuqonda.

kwengqondo yaseChekhov

Psychology uncwadi Russian lwe ngenkulungwane ye-19 sele kukubi ukuba imisebenzi abanye ababhali beli xesha, itulo kuthatha back seat. Lo msebenzi osemqoka unokuba inokubonwa amabali Anton yaseChekhov. Iziganeko musani ukudlala indima enkulu kule misebenzi.

Apha ebalini "I Lady kunye Dog" yaseChekhov yi paluxa ihlabathi engaphakathi abalinganiswa bakhe kungekuphela nje ngoncedo iinkcukacha ezibonakala zingabalulekanga, kodwa idala uhlobo umahluko phakathi ihlabathi ngaphandle. Ngenxa landscape ekutshintsheni Yalta umbhali eMoscow ibonisa ngokucacileyo inguqu ngokweemvakalelo ukuba lifumana Gurov. Xa neempikiswano kunye nemifanekiso nazo iinkcukacha yangoku ebandakanya ibali yaseChekhov yayingathethi kuthetha ngengozi. Anna S. Gurov ityhila umphefumlo wakhe, yaye elingumthombo kunye onombilini utya tangerine. Gurov efanayo kamva, ukuhlala ekwindla abandayo eMoscow lifuna umntu ukuze babelane ngeemvakalelo zabo malunga Yalta eziqhelekileyo. Eqalisa ukuba uxelele umhlobo malunga Anna Sergeyevna, kodwa yena nikuve oko, kwaye uthetha kwehlobo Intlanzi, leyo udliwa yokutyela ngale ntsasa. Uthando amazwi sublime kweli bali, ngokungafaniyo le callousness kunye yesiqhelo nge iingxoxo.

Forms of umfanekiso engqondweni

Kwengqondo e iincwadi ngenkulungwane ye-19 sikubonisa ezininzi iinkcukacha zobugcisa. Bonke bephela kunokuba abe nexabiso ngqo kunye nexabiso ngqo. Ukuba umbhalo ithi hero ihlazo kunye esehlisa intloko yakhe, ngoko ke luhlobo ngqo imifanekiso engqondweni. Kodwa imisebenzi yoncwadi lwamandulo ivamile kunye neenkcukacha ezininzi ezintsonkothileyo yokuluka. Ukuze siqonde nokuhlalutya ifomu ngqo imifanekiso engqondweni, umfundi kufuneka abe ukuyila ephuhliswe kakuhle.

Apha ebalini Bunin "Le Gentleman evela San Francisco" uphawu ihlabathi yangaphakathi sigqithiswe umfanekiso landscape. Umlinganiswa ophambili kulo msebenzi bangathethi kwanto. Ngaphezu koko, akukho nokuba abe negama. Kodwa into obuyiyo nento indlela acinga ngayo, umfundi eqonda ukuba imigca yokuqala.

Psychologism e ababhali iprozi amazwe

Ukuze ubhale ibali ngendoda esisityebi ungonwabi eSan Francisco Bunin inoveli ophefumlelwe Thomas Mann. Umbhali German kwenye yemisebenzi yakhe emfutshane zazibonisa nezengqondo lendoda ngenxa umdla nenkanuko kwabulawa komzi abachaphazelekayo ngulo bhubhane.

ibali elifutshane ebizwa "Ukufa eVenice". It has akukho incoko. Iingcinga hero limisa usebenzisa intetho ngqo. Kodwa ekuhlukunyezweni lwangaphakathi umlinganiswa ophambili kunye umbhali zibonisa ezininzi iimpawu. Le hero ihlangana indoda imaski eloyikekayo, okwakubonakala ukuze umlumkise ngengozi yokufa. YaseVenice - isixeko endala elihle - ligutyungelwe inuke. Kwaye kulo mzekelo, imbonakalo umfuzisela amandla etshabalalisayo iinkanuko yenkanuko.

"Enye Flew Kule Nest nengabangaba kaThixo"

Ken Kizi wabhala incwadi eyaba elithile. Xa inoveli malunga indoda kwisibhedlele sabagula ngengqondo ukuze uphephe entolongweni, ingcamango esisiseko akuthethi ukuba ukufa kabuhlungu yabalinganiswa. A ekliniki abagula ngengqondo kungumqondiso uluntu kwaboyikayo kulawula kunye nokungakhathali. Abantu abakwazi yokuthsintsha nantoni na, ashenxe ukuba urhulumente ngegqudu. Amandla, ukuzimisela kunye nesibindi sikubonisa McMurphy. Le ndoda iyakwazi ukuba awutshintshi nxi, ngoko ke ubuncinane uzama ukwenza oko.

Le nezengqondo abalinganiswa umbhali itshintshele enye kuphela okanye ezimbini amazwi. Umzekelo indlela loo isiqwengana inoveli Kesey, apho MacMurfee nibheje. Ukususela ngoko, ukuba angabi impikiswano, kubonakala icace kwabanye, bonwabile ukwenza nokubheja. Ulahlekelwa. Unika imali. Ke ngoko ithi ibinzana isitshixo: "Ke mna ngazama, ubuncinane ngazama." Nale kancinane Ken Kizi edlulisela kuphela wabadlali nangesimilo McMurphy, kodwa nezengqondo abanye abalinganiswa. laba bantu bakwazi ukuthatha emanzini. Kulula ukuba kwiimeko zingenakunyamezeleka, kodwa musa mithi.