Njani uphuhliso kwezoshishino eRashiya

Ukuphuhliswa kwezorhwebo eRashiya ukususela ekuqaleni kwethuba 1864 - 1917, xa, nokuba amagunya elilawulayo kunye nemimiselo yazo kutyhilwa liyanda inani mveliso kunye mveliso, apho izigidi zabantu besebenza. Ngeli xesha ukuphuma abavela emaphandleni ukuya emzini. Ngeli xesha, a oluninzi kunokuba uphuhliso qualitative. Ukwandisa inani amashishini apho ukusetyenziswa umsebenzi wabo kuphelelwa, izenzo kakuhle, kodwa ngenxa umsebenzi ifomu ngokuqhubekayo, Basaba inzuzo enkulu.

Phakathi kwinkulungwane ye-20, kwaye kwacaca ukuba kuphuhliso loshishino Russian, ngelo xesha waseUSSR, nguye ngokupheleleyo kwinceba karhulumente. Ngokwahlukileyo eNgilani, eSoviet kwandule ke urhulumente Russian wazama ukuthabatha isikhundla sokuphatha amashishini amancinane kunye naphakathi kwi ezandleni zabo. ulawulo olunjalo ezigqithisileyo kukhokelele entlanganweni leenkampani ezinkulu - monopolists abo ongayi kunikwa ithuba ebomini mveliso ezincinane zabucala. Ngenxa utshintsho kwinkulungwane yama-20 emva kwexesha inkqubo rhwebo, uphuhliso yoshishino eRashiya ifumene inkululeko esesikweni. Ukususela ngoko, urhulumente uyekile ukuba bangenele ekuqhutyweni ishishini labucala, yintoni imeko ayikho lula kakhulu. Ukuze bakwazi ukwenza ishishini eRashiya lwenzeke ngendlela njengoko kuyimfuneko ukuba ukudala iimeko apho kuya kubakho ukhuphiswano esempilweni, kwakungekho irhafu ngokugqithisileyo, esi sikhokelo esemthethweni iye yasekwa.

Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba, ngokungafaniyo ishishini enkulu yophuhliso ngamnye ishishini eRashiya unembali ende. luqale kunganxulunyaniswa ixesha ingenzeka yabathengisi. Enyanisweni, baba ngabokuqala ngoosomashishini zabucala. Baye baba idumileyo ehlabathini lonke, ukwenza izixeko ezifana Novgorod, Pskov, eKiev kunye nabanye. uRhwebo kunye namaziko ubugcisa. umsebenzi yezoqoqosho Active yabarhwebi kwakhokelela ekubeni isixeko ubutyebi baso akhuphisane ingqukuva.

Ukupheliswa serfdom yaba sisiqalo amashishini abucala kwinkalo yezolimo, xa abalimi ukuba kuthengiswa ngeendibano imveliso yemveliso yakhe. Ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yama-20, oosomashishini zabucala baye bafumana ibhonasi ngokohlobo ukulungisa amaxabiso iimveliso kunye noncedo oluvela kurhulumente. Enyanisweni, lo gama urhwebo lwasewholesale abathengisi ilawulwa bucala baba phantsi izixhobo karhulumente. Nep waba intwasahlobo kolawulo lwamaKomanisi, xa kuphuhliso loshishino eRashiya wema amashumi eminyaka. Okubangel 'umdla kukuba, ulawulo lobuKomanisi hayi kuphela wawagxotha ukuyilwa uqoqosho, kodwa wabethelela ezingqondweni zabantu ingcamango abaququzelela ishishini kunye ukuze baphile ngcono kunabanye - oku lihlazo kwaye Soviet. It watyhala Russia ngokubhekiselele kuphuhliso loqoqosho ngokunxulumene eYurophu okanye eMelika ukuba kwiminyaka embalwa eyadlulayo, yaye oku, ngasekuqaleni-imi- 90 kwinkulungwane yokugqibela, iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zamashishini joint yavunyelwa, nje abantu Ndandingekakulungeli loo nokuba ukuziphatha okanye ngokwasezimalini.

Ukuqonda ukuba eme phakathi ekuphumleni ubomi ngcono ngeendleko lweshishini zabucala hayi shame, oko yaqala ukuza baseRashiya kakhulu kutshanje. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, umnqweno ukusebenza ngokwakho, ukwakha ishishini lakho livela kubantu abaninzi, kodwa hayi bokudlala i-Institute of amashishini amancinane kunye naphakathi kutshabalalisa amaphulo HIV ngqo kwi emdiliyeni. Iinzame ukuhlakulela imbewu amava Koloni kumhlaba Russian rhoqo wasilela kuba Russia ohlukileyo kulawo kakhulu kwaye yaneempawu kuphela kuthathelwa ingqalelo nokwakhela phezu kwabo ukudala inkqubo ethile inyathelo.