Yintoni na ukuwa: Oonobangela kwamanyathelo zemfundo kunye nokhuseleko

Inani labemi abahlala kwimimandla weentaba, uyazi kakuhle ukuba yokuwa enjalo. Kukho into eqhelekileyo, kodwa kakhulu ezinzima, kungakhokelela ekubeni intshabalalo eyoyikekayo kunye nelahleko yobomi.

Njengoko kuwa kwakhiwa

Esi simo yendalo ukwahlukana ngokukhawuleza nokususwa zamatye phantsi isiphumo womxhuzulane kumathambeka roller, lityumza, apho ezantsi entilini izele udoti. Ngamanye amaxesha wazicinezela iibhloko ezinkulu, ngokuhlaziya kwinkqubo ukuwa zibe ngamaqhekeza ezininzi ezincinci, ajike kwi rockfall. Ubukhulu landslides ukuze imida ezahlukeneyo - ukusuka ekuweni iingceba iliwa ukuba ubunzima elikhulu kweemitha izigidi ezininzi cubic.

Izizathu amaninzi uwa ngenxa buthathaka zeengxondorha, kophulwa ingqibelelo yabo, ukuyilwa neentanda ngenxa yemozulu, ukuhluzeka kuloko komhlaba lomhlaba kunye namanzi komhlaba. Le nkqubo ichaphazela isakhiwo zejoloji ngengingqi, komhlaba, kwaye ubukhulu becala imisebenzi wabantu waphula imithetho yokwakha kunye nezimbiwa.

ngezigaba

Landslides luphawulwa inkqubo output (umthamo inginginya rock ukuwa), kunye nendawo echazwe ukubonisa isikali. Kulo mba, ukuba yahlulwe yaba umthamo encinane kakhulu kuzo engekho ngaphezulu kwe-5 m ^3, encinane (5 ukuya kwi-50 m ^3), eliphakathi (ukusuka 50 ukuya ku-1000 m ³⁾ kunye (ngaphezu kwama-1000 m ^3). Umzekelo woko ukuwa enjalo ngomlinganiselo omkhulu, wabonisa uthambisa Pamirs kunyaka-1911, umthamo emalunga 2 bn m ^3.

Kuxhomekeka kwidispleyi isikali umahluko omkhulu (ngaphezu kwe-100 m), eliphakathi (ukusuka 50 ukuya kwi-100 m) kunye ezincinci (5 ukuya 50 m) kunye amancinci (ukuya m 5) siyabutyaka.

Imiphumo landslides

Eyona esiyingozi enzima ezingxondorheni, leyo wawa yawa evela nasemaxandekeni, nako kuzityumza okanye ugcwalise nkqu isakhiwo eside kakhulu. Bona ndihlanjwe loo mmandla, ngamanye amaxesha Yayizimele phantsi zokuhlala yonke, iindawo zolimo kunye namahlathi. Ngamanye amaxesha ezi zekhephu, Udaka kutshabalalisa lomfula, leyo izoyikiso umkhukula, bezise akukho monakalo ngaphantsi elibonakalayo okusingqongileyo kunye noqoqosho lwesizwe. Ezi ziganeko ezinkulu aziyongozi kuphela kuqoqosho, kungakhokelela ekulahlekeni ubomi babantu, kodwa inokubangela rhoqo kuyitshintsha imbonakalo.

ukudilika

Ngezi landslides kufuneka kwakhona ukuba ingqalelo. Baya kuthi kwiintaba, apho ikhephu aqokelelwe wambi uqengqa phantsi ngokohlobo udaka. Oku kwenzeka kakhulu amaninzi kumathambeka forestless, ithambeka ayikho izidanga ngaphantsi kwama-140. Kule ikhephu elikhulu ubunzima into ihamba ngesantya we-30 ukuya kwi-100 m / s, etshabalalisa izakhiwo zayo indlela owela ezityhutyhayo yendlela ubuthongo kunye entabeni. Iimvelaphi ngendlela yakhe, abakhenkethi, abahlali iilali, kunye nabanye abantu ligutyungelwe likhephu. Blow ukusuka isiphumo udaka olo kunokuba iitoni ukuya ku-50 kwi square metre nganye. Iintlekele zendalo ezifana eRashiya kaninzi zenzeka kwi Kola Peninsula, eMntla Caucasus, i Urals, kwiMpuma Ekude kunye Western eSiberia.

Umfutho Ezincwadini anokunika yokunyibilika olunzulu ikhephu, lipholile, aqhubeke ixesha elide kunye neenyikima kunye nakuphi na ukuhla okubonakalayo emoyeni, ziziphumo zezinto ezenziwa luluntu.

amanyathelo okhuseleko

Abahlali abahlala esezintabeni, bayazi kakuhle ukuba ukuwa kwaye, njengokuba umthetho, kuqhutywa imisebenzi ethile ukomeleza iindawo lwezindlu ukukhusela. Izikhululo Hydrometeorological nezithuba banyanzelekile ukuba ngexesha ukwazisa uluntu malunga ngeengozi ezinxulumene kunye namaziko kunye ukusebenza, kunye nezowuni yezenzo zabo.

Yokubekwa kaloliwe umkhondo kwiinduli kufuna ukuchongwa ngenyameko kwiindawo ezihlelelekileyo ukuba landslides siyiphephe xa kunokwenzeka. Ingakumbi kumathambeka ekwakhiweni kweendlela owabeka ilitye. Enkwalini wafunda uhlobo yamawa, ulwalathiso neentanda ukuthintela ukuphalala esibekwa overlying.

Iintshukumo xa kuthe ukuwa

iintlekele zemvelo njengoko landslides okanye zekhephu kunokuba nemiphumo ebuhlungu kakhulu. Ngoko ke, xa ungena ulwazi malunga isoyikiso sabo kunokwenzeka, zonke ukubayinxalenye kwintsimi abantu kuloo mhlaba, ngokunjalo nemfuyo bakhutshwe kwiindawo ezikhuselekileyo.

Oku kwenziwa ngokungqinelana nemigaqo emiselwe. Ukuba ixesha liyavuma, phambi kokuba ngobungxamo kuyimfuneko ukuba enze umsebenzi wokulungiselela - ukususa yonke impahla ngaphakathi endlwini, wavala iingcango neefestile ngqongqo kakhulu. Qiniseka ukuba ukucima umbane, amanzi kunye negesi.

Malunga ngeengozi abantu Ziyalumkisana. Njengoko usongo a yokuphuma ukudilika likaxakeka yenziwa kumathambeka ekhuselekileyo okanye neenduli. Ukuya phezulu kubo, akunakwenzeka ukuhamba ngapha kwimiwonyo, iintlambo kunye emathambekeni, khon 'ukuze angaweli kwingoma yokumpompoza kobutyobo.

Ukubuyela kwindawo yayo yoqobo xa ekuweni isiphelo okanye intshukumo ukudilika, kunokuba kuphela ukuqinisekisa ngokupheleleyo ukungabikho usongo. Kuphela kule meko kuyimfuneko ukwenza ekufuneni ezingekhoyo abantu kunye noncedo kumaxhoba. Ukwazi ukuba ukuwa enjalo, nduli balapha abazi indlela aziphathe ngayo kwiimeko ezifanayo, kwaye ukulungele nangaliphi na ixesha ngokukhawuleza ukupakisha kwaye sibalekele kwindawo ekhuselekileyo.