ESoviet abasebenzi vehicles yenethiwekhi BTR-152: Ukucacisa

Ingxaki yokuthutha abasebenzi emva kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II ngokunzulu nexhala yonke Oogunyaziwe uyilo eSoviet, ngokukodwa Command High. Ngokusekelwe kumava elidlulileyo, oko kwakucaca ukuba ukusetyenziswa ngenxa yale njongo iilori eqhelekileyo nje kulwaphulo-mthetho, ukusukela nayiphi sam, moya kuhlasela utshaba okanye umlilo iingalo amancinci zingathunyelwa zisabonakala kwisebe lonke. Kuchasene imvelaphi ezi nokuvakalisa kunye lokuqala odidi abasebenzi vehicles yenethiwekhi BTR-152.

Ezinqunquthayo isondo?

Kwaye lo mbuzo kungasebenzi nto, nkqu nanamhlanje. Ekuqaleni amava abathungi zethu elingazange liye nakweyiphi na, uphando lwenziwa kumacala omabini. Okokuqala waphumelela bokholo tracks: aba matshini anyotywa umnqamlezo wakhe, babeza akuxhome eninzi yentsimbi. Kodwa kukho ezinye iingxaki.

Okokuqala, kuye kwanzima noqeqesho ubucukubhede, abaqhubi lweso sixhobo iphezulu, kancinane ngaphantsi oko isifundo zidlula. Esinenjini elihamba njengoko ekuqaleni kwenqwaba amajoni, noqeqesho inani elikhulu enjalo ngabasebenzi abanezakhono kakhulu lonakele. Ukongeza, wathinta amava elibi IMfazwe Enkulu Patriotic.

Sithetha malunga logistics. Lokhozi iimoto vehicles, njengako izibalo preliminary kwafuneka ukuba awadubadube ubuncinane 1/3 ngaphezulu amafutha, yaye ukuba uthe wazikhangela ukuzikhangela oku iingalo ngokunxulumene ubunzima, kwaye nangakumbi. Indlela ukuzisa diesel mvssu emfazweni entsha enkulu?

Ukongeza, ivili lo matshini kulula obungako ukusebenza, ukulungiswa kunye nokuveliswa, ubomi enkonzweni yawo ngaphezulu kakhulu. Ekugqibeleni, le APCs kulula noko ukwenza ezidadayo, ngoxa ukunye izithuthi kulandelelwa loo feint yesingxobo ngaphandle nzima kakhulu. yenziwa ukhetho, kwaye alumeke-APC 152.

Qala yophuhliso

Sele bowe-1946, isityalo yasungulwa VMS yokubona ZIS-151 iimoto. Kwakhona, amava zeminyaka edlulileyo, imoto ekuqaleni wenziwa ezahlukeneyo, ngokulinganayo awunankinga ukusetyenziswa kuqoqosho lwesizwe, kunye nemikhosi exhobileyo. Kungekudala, abayili waqonda ukuba jikelele ngokupheleleyo kwenzeka kuphela iintsomi kunye namaphupha, kwaye ngoko lujolise yophando kwinkalo umthuthi kuphela umkhosi, ezafumana isalathisi "Into-140".

oomatshini Used ukusuka standard ZIS. Kwakhona aye abolekwe isakhelo kunye, phezu thumbanails 385 mm. Kodwa le circuit ubeko abayili ezisetyenziswa kunye asi ezintathu. Ngokungafaniyo imodeli yokuqala lasetyenziswa zehambo kumiswa elide, kwaye zinamandla ngakumbi, sandisiwe luqiniswe nemithombo.

Ukucacisa iso-

Amavili - amahaki zikhulisiwe enamandla elinika permeability nangakumbi phantse naluphi na uhlobo lomhlaba, kuyo nayiphi na imozulu kunye neemeko zemozulu.

Amavili kuzakuthathwa ukusebenzisa kuphela uxinzelelo ephantsi (4 kg / cm ^3). Kuba bonke iibhulorho basebenzisa track enye. Ukumelana umonakalo (kubandakanywa ngexesha bechuba) abayili bamajikazi ukuba lalenze isicwangciso ukuba lifezekiswe ngokusebenzisa inkqubo kunye amagumbi amabini enyuka izixhobo enye kuma phezu uhamba. Ku 152 APCs ndisuse amajoni ukusuka kwiindawo ezinobungozi kunye ngesantya iphezulu injini umatshini onyanzelwayo ngoko nangoko iilitha 118-122. a. (Guaranteed ixabiso kodwa singadluli 110 l. C.).

iimpawu eziphambili kumatshini

uhlobo carrier, welding ukusuka amacwecwe iintonga, ubukhulu ogama 6, 8, 10 no-13 mm - istili. Ngotyekelo nonolwazelelelo ubengo isikrweqe ngokungqalileyo wokugqibela akwazi 'ukuqhubeka' embetha iimbumbulu 12.7 mm. gumbi injini - phambi kumatshini, lomnqongo wolawulo ibekwe emva kwayo. Kanye BTR-40, kokufika kwitheku kule yunithi yayimi apha emqolo ivulekileyo ngokupheleleyo phezulu.

Yokukhuseleka emoyeni uthuli kunye imvula kusetyenziswa tarpaulin asuswayo. Ukuqaliswa kunye kokwehla lwaqhutywa nge umnyango ngasemva lwekhabhinethi. Kule ndawo phambi kukho ezimbini iingcango wenyuka ngalo kungena umqhubi emotweni kunye gunner.

self iimveliso yokhuselo APC

isikrweqe Iphepha Front uye iifestile eyakhelwe-ngaphakathi, ibhexesha ngokutsha imfihlo ye kubumelwane ukuba aba belungu bayehluthe kubo. Yemingxuma kwiimeko yokulwa ekulindeleke lokuvala iminqwazi kunye ifaka of transport wobulali, bullet-proof iglasi. Ukubunjwa izixhobo abasebenzi self-152 abathwali abasebenzi vehicles ziquka: SG-47 (inkqubo Umatshini gun Goryunova) 7.62 mm, nto leyo indawo kamva SGM. Kuzo zombini ezi meko, umthamo Ammunition ngaphezu zaliwaka rounds emthethweni.

Le isixhobo akwazi mayixhonywe kwenye iingalo ezibe kwicala ngalinye (iziqwenga ezimbini ngamnye). Kwakhona emacaleni kwakukho kanye eziziimpazamo ezikhoyo ezintandathu ngeenxa zonke, esebenzisa leyo, abasebenzi baso umlilo nemipu zobuqu. Lijongene unxibelelwano kakhulu bomelele yaye lula kunomathotholo 10-PT-12.

Passage zeemvavanyo karhulumente, izigqibo kwaso

Okokuqala BTR-152, nto leyo eye ifoto kweli nqaku baya ematyaleni ekuqaleni 1947. Ngelo xesha "nendandikhuphisana" ezintathu iimatshini zemveliso series. Iziphumo zovavanyo kwaqinisekisa amathemba ebalaseleyo abathwali amatsha abasebenzi vehicles. Ngokukodwa, permeability yayo uphakame kakhulu naleyo ndingaz-63. Osemendweni imoto angaba ukukhawulezisa ngokukhawuleza 80-85 km / h. Kwiminyaka emithathu kamva, umfuziselo APC-152 sele udlule ngokupheleleyo zonke izigaba nokuvavanya, imoto wafakwa ngokusesikweni kwinkonzo ye-Soviet Army.

Issue and kwempucuko elandelayo

isithuthi transport eshicilelwa kwisityalo VMS. Ngokubanzi, bonke bavumelana noluvo lokuba abayili wakwazi ukwakha imoto ngokwanelisayo elula, kodwa oluthembekileyo kakhulu ukuba ngokupheleleyo qete injongo. Kakade ke, iingxaki ziye eyakhe. Umzekelo, ingxinano yayo amandla ndandibuthathaka kakhulu, kwaye permeability (xa kuthelekiswa izithuthi ekhawuleziswayo) akazange ukufikelela ezifanelekileyo. Kodwa yonke le nto.

Ukuphuculwa BTR-152 kuthwalelwa phandle kamva, emva koko oomatshini kufuneka isalathisi B. Le nguqulelo wavunywa ngo-1955, kwaye ngexesha elinye ekusunguleni imveliso mass. Umahluko ephambili imodeli esisiseko baba amacandelo kunye neendibano kuzo zonke ntlango ZIL-157 ilori, elo xesha ke indawo ZIL-151 kumgca mveliso ibandla. Noko ke, into oyiphiweyo iphambili yale matshini kukuba ukufaka oluphuculweyo, inkqubo "phambili" kwamaxabiso umoya ndawonye isondo (12.00 x 18).

Patency kunye ukulwa survivability abathwali abasebenzi vehicles ngexesha elifanayo anda kakhulu. Ekugqibeleni, 152 abathwali abasebenzi transport (Soviet abasebenzi vehicles yenethiwekhi) lifumene sokutsala into ngentambo samovytaskivaniya enamandla, wenze kakhulu ubomi umqhubi wayo. , Yiyiphi wabonakala ngowe-1957, ukuguqula le-B1, naye wafumana inguqulelo entsha inkqubo isondo yokunyuka kwamaxabiso central, apho ukhuseleka ngcono umonakalo kunokwenzeka. Okokugqibela, le moto iye yafumana radio entsha P-113, zithembeke ngakumbi.

ukuguqulwa Last

Malunga nama kwisithuba efanayo abathwali abasebenzi vehicles baqalisa ukubeka umbono ebusuku TVN-2, yaye bay indiza ekugqibeleni amalahle kwinkqubo ngoko nangoko malunga noku amajoni Trans-izimvu Military District. Ngowe-1959, phezu iingalo abetheka lezibuko Soviet BTR-152K, umahluko omkhulu apho ubukho i transport lophahla kunye exhaust fan eqhelekileyo.

A uphahla nempembelelo entle kakhulu kukhuseleko emhlabeni. Ngeendlela ezininzi, ukusetyenziswa kwesisombululo eyakhayo enjalo ngenxa ukuvela axhobileyo izixhobo zenyukliya NATO kwiiyantlukwano ezahlukeneyo.

Utshintsho ibalulekileyo ukuguqulwa yokugqibela

Okokuqala, ukuphakama umzimba liye landa ngoko nangoko mm 300. yonke Ubude kophahla kwakukho ukukhuhla yavalwa kwiipleyiti isikrweqe. Ukuze cover elikhulu kwaba lula ukuba uvule, ukuba zicaciswa kunye bar torsion. emnyango Emergency zibekwe Ezomva kumatshini, kuyo ivili spare imvelaphi inyuselwa khona. Ngaphezu esihlalweni lomqhubi iye yenziwa caba iyafuneka ukuze ufakelo yesixhobo ngombono ebusuku TVN-2.

Njengoko kwiinguqulelo ezidlulileyo, i transport abasebenzi yenethiwekhi waba kwizibiyeli ezine for obandayo imipu matshini, kodwa ke ezi zafakwa emacaleni sothimbo ke akunjalo, kodwa ngqo phezu kwendlu. Xa indima kwezixhobo linokuba SGMB imodeli okanye fct. Gunner indawo ingaphezu nje isebe yolawulo. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ezinye izithuthi vehicles kwavunyelwana izi- imipu.

Ngokungafaniyo ezahlukeneyo edlulileyo, oku emkhosini BTR-152 akazange abe izihlalo ngenxa enqanaweni efakiweyo ngqo phezu matanki amafutha. Ngenxa yoko inani paratroopers bawa, kodwa yanyuka kakhulu zokunqanda survivability lo matshini. Ukongeza, intuthuko ziye zibonakaliswe kuyilo injini, ethe wafumana intloko cylinder aluminiyam.

Ukudala esingazihambeliyo Ufakelo umpu

Lo mfuziselo zokuqala nezokugqibela eSoviet Army bezila ubuchule, ngokusekelwe ayayilwa umpu umatshini ezizodwa esingazihambeliyo. Umfuziselo lokuqala, i-BTR-152A (ZTPU-2), sele iqalile ukuvelisa ngowe-1950, phantse ngaxeshanye kokukhutshwa kwe-yenethiwekhi abasebenzi vehicles. Ngokusemthethweni, le ndlela ezifakwa inkonzo ngo-1951.

Kodwa ke ngo-1952, ngomhla iimvavanyo karhulumente zazaliseka "isilo" ZTPU-4 (ezimbini bafundelane ngezibini KPVT, abangama umphanda ezine bodidi 14.5 mm). Nezikhali lo matshini yi 2000, kuqhuma. technology Firepower iye kakhulu, kodwa ngenxa ezisebenza manual ejolise kunzima kakhulu ukuba bafunde, ngolangazelelo kwi ufakelo zomkhosi asibangwa.

Made olu khetho kwaba kuphela iikopi ezimbalwa, esamkelwa "Yathetheka" akazange lithathwe. Apho ngempumelelo yaba si kai-23 ukuvuleka 23 mm, kwaye ulawulo umatshini okhethekileyo BTR-152U, isici esasenza yazo umzimba kunye umphakamo linyuke kakhulu. Oku kwenziwa ukuze ukwamkeleka nezixhobo umthamo lwangaphakathi omkhulu.

Namhlanje, i BTR-152 kunye nokulondolozwa zithandwa phakathi abaqokeleli izityebi abalandeli izixhobo zomkhosi, yaye umntu libenza izithuthi ekhethekile ukuhamba ngokuzingela nokuloba.