T-64BM "Bulat-" (itanki) - maxesha yokugqibela T-64

Imbali ishishini itanki eSoviet uyazi amatyala amaninzi xa umatshini ikhuphe eminyaka embalwa edlulileyo, isahleli kakhulu efanelekileyo edabini mihla. Hayi ngaphandle yotshintsho, kakade. Omnye umzekelo - "Bulat". Le itanki iyafumaneka isityalo eKharkov kwaye imele yotshintsho imoto endala T-64A.

owandulela

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe kanjalo ukuba esi itanki ngexesha elinye wayengomnye inkqubela nathembisayo kushishino Soviet. Imbali indalo yayo lisukela emva 60s, kwisixeko eKharkov Design Bureau. Ukususela phakathi efanayo yonke imi--60 wayethunywe kwi ibhanti yokuthutha, apho imoto entsha qala ngobuninzi-imveliso kunye iitanki T-64, T-62 ne T-55. Ezisemthethweni amukela kwenzeka kuphela ngo-1969, kwaye baza kuqala zaye zagqitywa elite iyantlukwano vehicles, iindawo ezisemaphandleni esentshona lizwe.

Imbali T-64A

Kuyinto elungileyo, ukuba kuthi ukuba ingcamango yokuqala ukuvela koomatshini ezinjalo weza evela abathungi kwakude kudala 1946. Le mbono zabaqhubayo ukuqalisa umsebenzi ekudalweni injini diesel ngokwesiseko esitsha (leyo kwi-USSR wayesoloko inkathazo). Kungekudala famous kwizangqa exineneyo KB №75 zigqityiwe indalo yakhe. Phantse thina kwaoko waqalisa umsebenzi kwi itanki ngokwayo, apho ixesha elide wamzalela igama ikhowudi "Unqontsonqa 430".

Imbali Post-Soviet

"Shestdesyatchetverka" waqalisa yaveliswa kwi kwisityalo Malyshev 1963 (eKharkov itanki mveliso). Issue yathatha ikota yenkulungwane, ngelo xesha line ibandla kwakufuneka ukutsala malunga 5500 yezi matshini, eziye kwanikezwa ixesha layo.

Kwangoko emva kokuwa i-USSR eKharkov Tank Factory yakhawuleza kuthimba geqe Ukraine (ezinazo zonke izixhobo zombane, sele ihlawulwe). Akumangalisi ke, i "wasemzini" T-64 ngokukhawuleza wayeka ukuba nomdla iSebe lezoKhuselo, kodwa ngenxa yokuba abaseleyo kwintsimi matanki Russian ngokukhawuleza "bahlaziywe" kuqeqesho kumatshini apho abafundi benza imithambo kakhulu akukholeleki ibizwa lingoyichithayo izibonelelo zabo.

Kuthelekiswa kutshanje (ngo-2011) yaye yakhupha umyalelo ezisesikweni ukuthumela zonke iitanki eseleyo ukuba zaphela. Xa sithetha ngemicimbi ngoku, eli iinkcukacha ezincinane uye wakhonza endaweni elungileyo; abasemagunyeni yangoku Ukrainian akakwazi Russia atyhole kukunikezela ezi matanki Donbass. Ngokusemthethweni ukuba babe nto.

Ekubeni database projekthi yonke buye ezandleni iingcali ezivela Ukraine, bagqiba ekubeni bonakalise benkampani de kube sekupheleni. Kwagqitywa ukuba aqale kuphuculo isixhobo esidala kunye sokufakelwa izixhobo entsha, izixhobo ucupho kunye nezinye izinto. Phantsi igama lebrendi T-64E umatshini ngoku olusebenzayo (nangona ngokwamaqela amancinane) inikezelwa kwi karhulumente afana noMzantsi Sudan kunye Somalia, nje abanayo imali ukuze eqhelekileyo izithuthi, mihla vehicles.

Ke apho wenza into efanayo: "Bulat"? Itanki luphuhliso ngakumbi le layini endala.

Ukphuculwa T 64E

Kungekudala kwacaca ukuba imikhosi domestic Ukraine ngokungxamisekileyo kufuneka amatanki eziqhelekileyo. Le meko yaba ukuxinga: ezifana eKharkov na Likhonkco Isithsaba yonke imveliso itanki waseUSSR, loo nto nje zonke iimoto endilisekileyo zathengiswa ixesha elide, kodwa ukusuka 'okunkonkxiweyo "T-80 ne T-72 kuphela ngamanye amaxesha ityala. Ngokufutshane, kwafuneka, amatanki ezintsha "Ukrainian".

Kakade ke, amathemba ezikhulu eziqhotyoshelwe semi-wasentsomini (ngokwabo Ukraine) "Bamba", oko nje kule APU ezi kwiitanki anikabi ngaphezulu kweshumi, kwaye nexabiso yabo yokuba ubalo phezu Ukwanda okuqhubekayo "geqe" imikhosi le ndlela ingamampunge. Kodwa aba matshini ukukholisa uhlahlo lwabiwo-oyile kwi-UAE, nguwuphi na kubo basabela kakuhle kakhulu.

Ewiliko wafunyanwa ngokukhawuleza. Ngo-warehouses wahlala imfumba engenamsebenzi T-64. Yaqhubeka kuphela "iqhosha lemenyu" kubo 5TDFE injini entsha, ngamandla kabani na ehloniphekile kakhulu iilitha 900. a. Isimanga, kodwa kuwo wonke umsebenzi Ukraine eyayibanjelwe emfihlekweni, Wayengengomntu itanki entsha iye yakwazi ukubona. Kuphela nje embalwa kwiminyaka eyadlulayo, kwaye kwaqalisa ukuba ngenkuthalo pashe kumajelo eendaba, wakwazi 'ukukhanya phezulu' ukuba selesondele iingalo yodumo mboniso kwi UAE.

Enyanisweni, itanki yokuqala iboniswa uluntu ngo-1999, kuphela (kwi udaba esebenzayo) ukuba mbumbulu-up in kwisigaba buhlungu gqitha yokulungela, kwaye imoto akazange alinde ukuba umkhosi Ukrainian. imikhosi itanki yale karhulumente ngexesha wabumba nje ukusuka iintsalela noninzi lwezinto T-72 ne T-80U.

Yintoni ezitshintshileyo itanki?

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba iziphumo ibonakala ngokwenene kude kuse ngeliso lenyama. Itanki akusekho ikhangeleka ngathi amazwi ukusuka Second World War, waba ngathi umatshini imfazwe mihla. Ngomhla igobhogobho itanki ngokulinganayo asasaza ukhuselo eliguqukayo, inxalenye ngokungqalileyo ukubukeka ngamandla kwaye ngokuthembekileyo. Makhe sijonge iinkalo eziphambili ezintsha:

• Emacaleni imoto wayivala le unit yokhuseleko "Blade 2". Kuba Ukuhlanganisa best of wobuso zenziwe njenge sikwere okanye uxande.
• ngeentlobo ezimbini "nemiba" - "Blade 2" kunye "Iinkcukacha-1" - esisiso zisasazwe phezu isikrweqe, bahlanganisana ukuba "efestileni" scheme elula cheap. Inzuzo ephambili yale ndlela ufakelo ukhuseleko isikrweqe elula kakhulu kulo matshini.
• Ilungu noshowo kwenqaba zatshintsha ngokwesiseko, olubonakalayo ingakumbi kwimboniselo ecaleni. party Ukrainian alibandakanyi ngalo mzuzu, kodwa iingcali zibonisa ukuba le nqaba ibekwe i gumbi eyongezelelweyo emthethweni.

Ngoko yintoni enye ke iphawulwa itanki ngokusekelwe kwayo wadalwa "Bulat"? Itanki, njengoko sele wathi, mayixhotyiswe ngezixhobo kakhulu ephucukileyo ngakumbi lokuqaphela. Kuba okokuqala kolu didi lamatanki wabonakala emehlweni siqonde kunye imager thermal, nto leyo eyandisa kakhulu amathuba zokuziphilisa imfazwe itanki.

Ukuze ibe yindawo ufakelo yayo ukukhetha okulungileyo ngenene, singatsho ngokuzithemba ukuba phuculo yenziwa ngabom. Ngokubanzi, zonke neetanki Ukrainian kwahluka umbono omhle, kuphela ukuphunyezwa kweeprojekthi ngokufuthi ubunzima. Ngokuqhelekileyo oku kubangelwa libya kwesi sikrweqe sentsimbi ezisetyenzisiweyo, kunye nokungabikho iingcali ezinamava yesikolo endala Soviet.

Eyona kwezikhali yitanki

Eyona kwezikhali bodidi itanki ngompu 125 mm. Ukongeza, umatshini imvelaphi inyuselwa khona ngoko nangoko ukulwa iimodyuli ezimbini: ayimiqulu moya kunaso oluzenzekelayo GS-23 (30 mm) umpu NSVT ukuvuleka 12.7 mm, kwaye uA-17 oluzenzekelayo sokuqhumisa yokuqalisa.

Ezi modyuli kuphumelela kakhulu kwiindawo ezisezidolophini, apho amatanki eqhelekileyo eSoviet ezihlala ilahleko enkulu ukusuka izixhobo anti-itanki. Ukongeza, ukuba isebenza kakhulu xa Kulwa izithuthi ukukhanya vehicles lotshaba, ukuze angachithi lilize ukuvumela umzali nenqaba.

Ngokubanzi, umsebenzi owenziwa ngaphandle eneneni umxhelo. Kodwa le - hayi "Bulat". Itanki, leyo ibizwa ngegama lakhe, luphuhliso ngakumbi nokulungiswa nje ukulungiswa ochazwe kumatshini omdala. Ngoko ke ekugqibeleni ukufumana inkcazo 'iqhawe "ngqo kweli nqaku.

Ngoko ke yintoni "Bulat"?

Ngoko ke, itanki omtsha Ukrainian i "zokwazisela enzulu" koomatshini T-64A ne T-64B (kunye nezinye nokulungalungiswa). Injongo yale langoku yaba ukuzisa imoto entsha ekunene ukuya kwinqanaba T-80UD, T-84U. Njengoko sele kukhankanyiwe ngentla apha, "okokuqala 'kwenzeka ngo-1999.

Yonke maxesha ukuba nzulu umsebenzi kwiinkalo ezintathu:

• Ukwanda kakhulu ukuhamba (powerplant entsha).
• Ukuqinisa ukhuseleko, kuquka esuka iinkqubo anti-itanki mihla ngaphezulu okanye ngaphantsi.
• Ukwandisa firepower kwaye kuliwe yamandla ukufakelwa kweenkqubo izixhobo ezitsha.

isityalo amandla

Ngoko kusengqiqweni ukuba ukuze ukuphucula ukushukumiseka kwi gumbi injini olubekwe injini diesel entsha ngokupheleleyo. Njengoko kunjalo kunye ezihlangwini layo, lo 5TDFM motor indima lwakhethwa, ogama amandla 850 enjini. Enyanisweni, lo uphuhliso okunye idizili 5TDF kakhulu endala apho ezo njineli wasebenza.

Oko kwi injini gumbi endala ukufakela 5TDFM entsha, kwadlula nje kuphela indawo ngokupheleleyo omdala kakuhle isicoci somoya, kodwa kwakhona inkqubo zeemoto, nto leyo nayo akuthethi ukuhlangabezana naziphi na iimfuno zale mihla. Ukuba itanki Ukrainian "Bulat" (Kwakhona, wadala ngokusekelwe endala T-64) akazange ezonakalisa endleleni monstrously, ezifana ezihlangwini yayo, eKharkov, kwavela detox ezikhethekileyo imikhondo eyenzelwe ukuqhuba kwiindlela zoluntu.

Kunjalo, emva kokuba asphalt izithuthi umendo ngentshukumo umhlathi, ezo baxhotyiswa izixhobo ezinjalo, akuyi kuphambukela uluhlu itanki badubula. Abaxhamla kwesikim enjalo into yokuba ezinye iinguqulelo ezongezelelweyo ekungalindelekanga ukuba avelise imibungu kakhulu. Kwamagqabi irabha kunye zokubopha yezityalo (mhlawumbi) ziya kusiwa ngokwahlukileyo, ngokwesicelo.

Xa kwamatanki jikelele, Ukrainian, "Bulat" yaye "Hold" kuwo wonke umsebenzi wayo yokusebenza sikhatshwa ngumvelisi, nto leyo ebangela intlonelo ethile.

Ukukhuselwa izixhobo anti-itanki

Ukuqaqadeka kwenziwa ngokufaka izakhiwo ezintsha ukhuselo olutshintshayo kwenqaba, icala aft yitanki. Umenzi ingxelo ukuba unako ukuphucula uzinzo zomyalelo kwamathandabuzo ukuba nefuthe Iimboniselo ezongezelekayo (AFB), kwakunye sub-ukuvuleka iqokobhe weentonga lihlaba (bps). Kulo mzekelo, kugxininiswa yokuba ubunzima itanki linyuke kancinane kuphela.

Protection ikhithi lineemodyuli ezimbini ezahlukeneyo: bill isikrweqe eyimpumelelo inkqubo lwangaphakathi yokhuseleko olutshintshayo. wokhuselo lwangaphandle eguquguqukayo thaca mnqongo ngokungqalileyo yaye izikrini ziyaxhonywa kujikelezo igobhogobho. Phezu kwentungo yenqaba leyo inde, kwaye kwezinye iindawo ezikude ndawonye amacandelo kweemodyuli ezinokuthi ngokukhawuleza kwatshintsha xa kuthe yokusilela kwabo. Elements of ubuchule lwangaphakathi yokhuseleko olutshintshatshintshayo ukuphucula uxhathiso anti-ithetha nangakumbi.

ubunzima Zizonke iseti epheleleyo wokhuseleko olutshintshayo (kubandakanywa izinto esibophelelayo) zimalunga nesi-3.5 neetoni. Kuphela omnye crew itanki, kwaye ngokwayo, abe nako ukwenza ufakelo malunga 5.5-6 iiyure. Eyakhelwe-ngaphakathi ukhuselo enamandla ukuba sele ifakiwe kwi umenzi itanki, akuyomfuneko inkathalelo engaphezulu ezinye ngexesha lokusebenza. Ngenxa yoko, inkqubo yokhuseleko kbavelisi eKharkov ulungile kuba akazekeleli izixhobo alukhuni kunye nokufakwa kunye nokusebenza ziingcali kakhulu.

Kodwa loo nto bonke. Kutheni, njengoko umthetho, yalila itanki wabulala xa iintonga zakhe antitank ukoyiswa ukuba (mhlawumbi) isebenzisa nomkhosi kotshaba? Ukususela umlilo kunye nobushushu. Ukukhusela abantu nokuphucula amathuba okusinda, abakhi itanki Ukrainian ziye inkqubo ucimayo lomlilo oluzenzekelayo, ixesha lokuphendula apho (emva kwezinye iinguqulelo kwezobunjineli) liye lancipha ukuya msec 150.

iziphumo lwayo

Ngoko ke yintoni na T-64 "Bulat"? Njengoko kuchaziwe ngokwabo, abalimi Ukrainian (engazivumeli ukusuka agqithisile titsongahata), yena "phantse twatse itanki Russian T-90," yaye "iyathelekiswa yokusebenza kunye zakutshanje" inqaba "."

Ewe, lo matshini na amathuba elungileyo ukuze ziphuculwe ngakumbi, ingakumbi ekuphuculeni injini basafunda ngokuthi obandayo 6TD 6TD-1 okanye ezi-2. Ngaba ngcono kakhulu imibombo, ukubeka SLAs ngokwesiseko ezahlukeneyo, navigation kunye nezixhobo zonxibelelwano. Ukongeza, umatshini emva nokuphucula resource kufutshane amawaka 11 weekhilomitha (tank entsha).

Xa sibeka ecaleni bokubanga, bonke nto kamnandi kangaka. Ewe, iimpawu zayo yala maxesha T-64 ungakwazi ngempela kuthelekiswa T-72 series ekuqaleni. Yiloo nto kanye indlela angakwazi 'ukudlula' i T-90 kunye ezintsha iinguqulelo ngokwesiseko ezahlukeneyo i T-72, akucaci ngokupheleleyo.

Enyanisweni, inawo iimpawu ezintle. Ngenxa yoko, ekwenziweni yamavili kwendlela kunye nezinye iindawo kwisisu semoto ka-T-72 isetyenziswa phezu ton aluminium ayoni, ngoxa T-64 abanalo kilograms ngaphezulu kwama-200. Ngako oko, le nto kakhulu kunciphisa iindleko ngumatshini wokulwa, kodwa "hodovka" ethembekileyo ukubandezeleka.

Inye kuphela T-64 ngenene ngcono, ukuba maintainability isisu semoto. Ke ngoko, ukuba iqashiso yokugqibela imibuzo kwiingcaphephe (kwakhona cinga aluminiyamu zesinyithi non-ayoni). Into yokuba i-German Democratic Republic (apho waya uninzi lwezi iitanki) izithuthi ziye amabango amaninzi yemizila kukuwohloka nezithsaba. E T-64 qho Yaphaphazela yeza ezinqunquthayo, ngokufuthi oko kukhatshwa yokulimala kunye nomonzakalo abantu kummandla etankini.

Kwaye kakhulu "engaqhelekanga" khangela ingxelo yokuba "best itanki lwangoku 'zabo phantse ayidluli amaNgesi" Challenger "kwaye isiJamani" Leopard 2 "Ukraine - elijongeka etyeni ingakumbi ekukhanyeni yokuba imoto waseBritani iye cala njengemali engcono itanki ngexesha lomsebenzi NATO e Iraq. Bekuya kuba akufuneki ukuba bathi, "Bulat" enze imfazwe kuphela Donbas, apho inethiwekhi sele uzele iifoto yeemoto ke zasuka zatshona, wayitshisa Ukrainian. Yintoni na olungileyo kangaka?

Kuyabonakala ukuba, cheapness yayo: iindleko zokuphucula endala T-64 (njengeminyaka emibini-emithathu eyadlulayo) malunga 400 lamawaka eerandi, lo gama ekuveliseni "Bamba" kufuneka ubuncinane 1.5 million.

analysis of ukushiyeka

Uthungelwano namhlanje linani 'Iingoma ", ezo enikelwe itanki' omtsha 'ukuba bangathanda ukuba alungiselele umzuzu ukungabi naxanasi, makhe sithethe amaphutha ayo.

Okokuqala, ubunzima kunye namandla injini. "Bulat" angu 45 xa amandla enjini-850 l / s. "Kuphelelwe nokungaphumeleli itanki Russian T-72" enobunzima iitoni 44.5 kunye injini, ogama umthamo 1000 l / s. Yintoni i "ukushukumiseka awongamileyo" (iincwadana eKharkov sisityalo) apha singaxoxa? Kwi-T-72, ukuba kuyimfuneko, ungenza akuxhome isibini eetoni iintonga, lo gama i-T-64 ukulungiselela le njongo kuya kufuneka uthsintshe injini.

Kwaye nantsi i "koyena ndoqo." Nokuba kwi 70s "nasemiqhokrweni" kwazanywa uphuhliso olungaphaya T-64 yi lofakelo isithuthi 1000 l / s. Ingxaki yayikukuba kwisisu semoto kumatshini omdala ababa nakuma mvavanyo, ukuqala ngokoqobo ivuthu- uhamba. Ngenxa yoku, ngo-1987 inkokheli eSoviet ekugqibeleni bawushiya uphuhliso ngakumbi i T-64.

Gun. Itanki "Bulat", iimpawu esikubonileyo, imodeli kufakwa KBA3 (normal 2A46M-1). Umenzi ubanga ukuba "imipu ngcono kakhulu T-72 ne T-90." Kazi ukuba yintoni ibe ngcono? Xa kwamatanki Russian efakiweyo umpu 2A24M-4 / M-5, nto leyo enika usasazeko-17% ngaphantsi xa zokudubula etyhalela inika ukuphucuka 15-20% ngokuchana (njengoko ixesha xa kuthelekiswa 2A46M-1 ubudala). Ngumzali, hayi ngenye indlela.

Njengoko lebanga ukudubula lenene, ngoko ke zonke ngakumbi umdla oku. Xa igosa, kodwa ngokutsho Amaqumrhu, i "Ukrainian 'umpu lokwenene inika uluhlu betha thagethi-1.5 km (leyo kuba ngaloo maxesha kwakuyinto eqhelekileyo). I "tagiltsev" njengoko eli xabiso ilingana km 2.3-2.5. Buphi na ke "ukuphucula"? Again akucaci.

Ke isikrweqe eyimpumelelo lovukelo, apha ibali zonke mfiliba. A (!) Iimvavanyo karhulumente High-grade single "Bulat" konke oku "kit umzimba" abazange baphumelele. Yonke data - kuphela evela kwimithombo esemthethweni eKharkov. Inene, zonke iingxoxo efanayo akhokelwa kunye nabathengi yamazwe ngamazwe, ukuba unomdla T-72, T-80, T-90 kunye efanayo "Bamba", kodwa ngenxa yesizathu esithile bona ingabangeli ngokupheleleyo "Bulat".

Ngokusekelwe ngasentla, sinako bafikelele kwisigqibo elula. IKharkiv ukuguqulwa ngokuqinisekileyo kuphucula iimpawu umgangatho endala T-64, kodwa ke superweapon wakhe ngqo sakujika. Ukuphuculwa ezaneleyo ezilungileyo ezisemgangathweni, ziyakhawulelana neemfuno omkhosi mihla Ukrainian, nto leyo okhohlisayo yi-mali yesiqhelo. Sekunjalo, imimangaliso ayenzeki: imoto ka '60s, nkqu injini entsha kunye nokhuselo enamandla, itanki yanamhlanje ayilungelelene.