Le mfazwe yamakhaya eRoma. Izinto ezibangela iimfazwe zamakhaya eRoma. Uluhlu "War Civil e Rome"

Imbali uyazi iimfazwe ezininzi yombango eRoma. Eyona langoku le meko ngexesha ongasekhoyo Republic.

ziye Mingaphi iminyaka yaqhubeka eRoma imfazwe yamakhaya?

Ixesha apho edabini kwenzeka, kukho inani mbali isenza njengenye ngeentlekele zenkqubo amabali inkulu Empire. Eyona edumileyo imfazwe yamakhaya eRoma kwenzeka ngo-40 BC. e. Ngexesha yakhe Yuliy Tsezar wayejamelene elite senatorial, nto leyo intloko UPompey Veliky. ziye Mingaphi iminyaka yaqhubeka eRoma imfazwe yamakhaya, ngokufanayo kukho iinguqu zangaphakathi rhoqo sikarhulumente. Xa iyonke, le mpi yathatha iminyaka eli-100 - ukusuka 133 ukuya 31 BC. e.

ngumba

Zintoni izinto ezibangela iimfazwe zamakhaya eRoma? Ekupheleni kwale BC ngenkulungwane yesi-2. e. Gay uMariya yotshintsho yomkhosi. yatshatyalaliswa nabalimi, ngoko ke uluhlu lwe-mkhosi kwi qualification kwipropati le kwakungenakwenzeka. Ngoko ke, umkhosi wafuna amahlwempu. Kwaye ke amajoni bakhonza kuphela imivuzo yaye akukho eminye imithombo yengeniso.

Xa Usindiso waphumelela phezu Teutons kunye Cimbri, eRoma kwakungekho iintshaba ezinzulu eminyaka. Ngelo xesha ngaphakathi kwiRiphabliki ephikisanayo inkunzi. Zona - ezibangela yeemfazwe zamakhaya eRoma. Baye bagqiba ukusekwa ukumkani kunye ekulondolozweni amanye amaziko esizwe.

Ukuqala yeemfazwe zamakhaya waseRoma weza ekupheleni nenani-90. Eyokuqala kuzo ogama Allied. Le mfazwe yamakhaya yaliwa eRoma namahlakani Italian namagunya. Ukumisa urhulumente inkcaso Kwanyanzeleka ukuba ukuhlangabezana bavukeli. Ngenxa yoko, emanyene Italian wafumana ngummi waseRoma. Noko ke, emva kokuba kulo mlo phantse nangoko ilandelwa yi elilandelayo. A impi entsha yamakhaya eRoma ingxabano phakathi iqela yeengcungcu, intloko ogama Sulla, kwaye Democrats, inkokeli kwawo Gay Mary.

ngasekupheleni Republic

iimfazwe zamakhaya abaninzi eRoma, sikhatshwe igazi ekhethekileyo zocindezelo yaphela. Oku, umzekelo, i-ijamelene kunye izikhulu nabazalwana Gracchi. Kulo nyaka 133 kwakukho kokulwa kwi Capitol. Ekuhambeni kwalo waka kukaTibheriyo Sempronius Gracchus kunye 300 grakhiantsev yawa ngqo ngethuba comitia ezandleni eNdlu yeeNgwevu kunye nabaxhasi owaxhasa kubo.

Emva ngozi yenzeke kunyaka 121. Tribune, abantu uGayo Sempronius Gracchus kunye malunga 3000 grakhiantsev babesoyiswa ngexesha ngamajoni Aventine, wabongoza Yeengwevu. Ngumlandeli Gracchus, noLukiyo Appuleius Saturninus, kunyaka 100 yawa ezandleni optimates kwi aphume le Capitol. Emva ngozi yenzeke kwiminyaka 91-88 BC. e. Loo War Social, nto leyo ngokusesikweni ingqalelo abangekho, njengoko baseItali kungekho ubumi.

Marian and sullantsy

Le mfazwe yamakhaya eRoma, phakathi abaxhasi Gaya kaMariya kunye Sulla kwenzeka kwiminyaka 88-87. Ngenxa iimfazwe zokuqala zibalekile. Noko ke, emva kwexesha elithile, kubekho imfazwe yamakhaya entsha eRoma, kunye inxaxheba Marian. Ngoko ke iminyaka 87-83 kwakukho ubhedu. Marian, alulame kokoyiswa elidlulileyo, bambamba amandla. Ngowe-'87 kwakukho unozakuzaku ukuzama lika ULucius Cornelius Cinna. Nangona kunjalo, le mvukelo iye zicinezelwa Gnaeus Octavius. Ngenxa yoko, Cinna wanyanzeleka ukuba asabe.

In efanayo Ekuveleni komnyaka-87 ka-Mari kunye zabangqinga neRoma. Naye ngoko nangoko wajoyina Mangcu Sertorius kunye Cinna. Ngeli xesha ubhubhane yaqala eRoma. Yeengwevu nempi, uyise yokufa UPompey, yaye igunya unikela. Emva koko octavia yabulawa, noMariya kunye Cinna ngunozakuzaku kunyaka 86th. Okwesibini yena uzama ukuzisa imfazwe nxamnye Sulla, kodwa wabulawa ebudeni zidale e Ancona. Sekunjalo, imfazwe elitsha lokulwa.

Events iminyaka 83-77

Idabi elandelayo kwenzeka phakathi sullantsami kunye Marian ngo-'83 Mari wafa, Sulla wakwazi ukuba luthathe eRoma. Ngoko ngo-'82 wasungula lobuzwilakhe.

Emva yokurhoxa kunye nokufa Sulla kwaqalisa ixesha kakhulu ezingazinzanga. Ebudeni kuyo, kwakukho iingxaki ezininzi. Ngoko ke kwiminyaka 80-72 kukho imfazwe phakathi sullantsami kunye noQuintus Sertorius (Marian). Usindiso ukuba iNdlu Yeengwevu (sullantsami). Ngowe-'77 kukho imfazwe emfutshane - xandzuka ka Lepidus. Ndimele ndithi ukuba ngokusesikweni Marian. Komdlalo kwaphela ngoloyiso phezu sullantsev.

Msebenzi War lwesithathu

Kwathi kwiminyaka 74 / 73-71. Olu ngquzulwano iye yaba yenye enkulu ixesha ephikisanayo zangaphakathi. Le mvukelo ababandakanyekayo kwamakhoboka, inkokeli kwawo nguSpartacus. Ndaphumelela eRoma umkhosi. Ngowe-74 okanye 73, e eCapua, esikolweni izilwi, kwavela iyelenqe. uvulwe 78 kuphela abavukeli-200, kuquka Spartak.

Izilwi, enyanisweni, zomkhosi yobungcali. Alwa ekufeni phambi kwabaphulaphuli enkundleni. izilwi abanamava baba impahla exabisekileyo kakhulu. Iinginginya nakekela yaye benza konke okusemandleni ukuze ukuthintela ukulahleka amakhoboka zabo. Uninzi izilwi ezinjalo walungisa inkululeko. Noko ke, musa beyeka isikolo, waza wahlala kuzo ootitshala rudiariev. izilwi abaninzi abanamava baba ekukhuseleni abasebukhosini inxaxheba kumzabalazo phakathi alwayo kunye namaqela, kungekuphela eRome kodwa nakwezinye izixeko Italian.

USpartacus kunye namaqabane akhe, apho ingakumbi wema ngaphandle Oenomaus kunye Crixus, bagqiba ukwenza ngumkhosi onamandla. Babefuna ukuba balwe ngokulinganayo kwamabutho aseRoma. Kwimbali akukho mpendulo ngqo umbuzo wokuba Spartak wayecebe ukuba abo bavukeli ukusuka kummandla Italy, apho yena nempi yakhe co- kulo naliphi na ilizwe nobudlova kule nkonzo. Mhlawumbi wayeza kumbamba ngamandla eRoma, ngenkxaso abalimi Italian kunye yamakhoboka akhululekileyo, ngaloo ndlela ekufezekiseni iinjongo abangakwazanga ukuphumeza abavela ngexesha leMfazwe Social. Kwiminyaka 63-62 kwakukho imvukelo Catiline. Ngesakhiwo uyaziwa, yaye ngokukhawuleza utyhalelwa zamandla yaxhasa amadoda futhi le ndawo.

Tsezariantsy and basePompeii: itheyibhile

iimfazwe zamakhaya eRoma ebudeni bolawulo kaKesare emva kokubulawa bakhe nobudlova. Ezi zilandelayo idabi ephambili.

Ukulwa phakathi tsezariantsami

Kwiminyaka 41-40 imfazwe perusine apho. It yayihanjelwe nguMark Antony ne Octavian. Kwaliwa yaphela ngokuxolelana ngamaqela belinye icala. Le mfazwe yokugqibela yamaRoma Republic lwaqhutywa kwiminyaka 32-30. It kwakhona inxaxheba Octavian noMarko Antony. Kule mfazwe, owesibini lamoyisa.