Egypt yamandulo: ababingeleli, ulwazi lwabo kunye nendima yabo kubomi boluntu. Luluphi ulwazi ilifa ababingeleli umYiputa?

Phantse wonke xa ebhekisela eYiputa yamandulo, kakade, ikakhulu iphiramidi. ulwazi Imbali malunga kwiitempile umYiputa amaxesha Pharaonic ukuya namhlanje walondoloza kancinci. Eyokuqala kwezi zinxulumene nexesha i-Old yoBukumkani. Ngokubanzi, baye lusekelwe kwisampulu enye.

Kwakukho ekuthiwa-iitempile ilanga, izicwangciso iimpawu wayo ophambili aba kufutshane nezakhiwo zokuhlala, i-avareji noBukumkani Entsha. Kuye kwazenzekela, kuba babegqalwa amakriwa kaThixo.

ulwazi jikelele

Abantu abakhonza ezi iitempile wayekwiqela kwiklasi ekhethekileyo kuluntu yaseYiputa. Ngokomzekelo, ebudeni bexesha Ramesses ababenako ishumi ekhulwini ilizwe kulinywa kwaye phantse inani elifanayo labantu. Egypt yamandulo, apho ababingeleli kucingelwa ukuba inkonzo kukumkani, akazange abe iiyunithi kwi abasemagunyeni neecawa. Isikhundla imali kakhulu kakuhle. kungekudala ababingeleli samandulo saseYiputa baqalisa ukudlulisela kwizikhundla zabo njengelifa.

abalungiseleli bendlu

Ukufunda eli lizwe, iingcali ziye kufika kwisigqibo sokuba le klasi wadlala indima enkulu kusekwe nempumelelo yombuso, kuphuhliso zempilo yengqondo kunye nokulondolozwa iimpawu zembali kunye nezenkcubeko. Egypt yamandulo, apho ababingeleli bebethatyathwa njengabantu abagcina izithethe ezingcwele, UHerodotus, yaba uhlonipha kakhulu kwaye zonqulo kwi World yamandulo. Kuqala kwakukholelwa ukuba ulawulo nefuthe elibi abefundisi ubomi babantu eziqhelekileyo nakwizikolo ezizimeleyo zophuhliso karhulumente. Enyanisweni, ababingeleli eYiputa yamandulo, ukuba nakubagcini izithethe ezingcwele, wadlala indima enkulu kwimbali nenkcubeko yalo hlanga yamandulo. Kwaye oku kungqinwa yokuba eli impucuko lwathatha ixesha elide ngaphezu kwayo nayiphi na enye.

Ngoobani ababingeleli

E Egypt yamandulo, yaba clan okhethekileyo. Baye amandla amakhulu ngokwenene, indlela efanelekileyo yokuziphatha mthetho. Ngaphezu koko, Egypt Ancient, apho ababingeleli uziqwalasele ziitoliki ukuthanda kukaThixo, waphila imithetho yabo. Yaye abantu nje abaqhelekileyo. uluvo lwabo waphulaphula ngaphandle kwemiqathango nkqu ooFaro.

yeempawu ezibonakalayo

iitempile zaseYiputa baba zizityebi ngokwaneleyo, nkqu nangaphezu abalawuli. Kodwa ke ababingeleli baseYiputa yamandulo, leyo ucingela ukuba esi ubugcisa iliwa - proof, enxibe ngokumangalisayo elula. Bona wayenxibe neefaskoti kwaye kuphela izishuba. Xa i zihlandlo ingakumbi festive, ezi ababingeleli zime ngeengubo ezinde ezimhlophe. Iifilimu ezininzi, emxelela malunga nendlela khona kwaye ziphuhliswe iYiputa yamandulo, ababingeleli zimelwe zichetywe iintloko zabo ukhanyiso malukhanye ebumnyameni, ngoko atyabukile ioli phezu Skulls zabo ukubonisa imitha yelanga. Le ukuvela abalungiseleli bendlu ngokungafaniyo kakhulu izambatho yezikhulu yasekuhlaleni, wayelangazelela obutofotofo.

indima

Noko ke, abantu abaninzi abayazi ukuba ngubani ababingeleli eYiputa yamandulo. Le abakhonzi ngokuphathelele ekhethekileyo amagunya awongamileyo, abasigcinayo ezininzi imisebenzi kweli lizwe. Babemele esweni intlonipho oothixo baseYiputa, kwakunye nokulandelwa zemicimbi kunye nemibhiyozo.

Kodwa indima yabo kweli lizwe alibhekiseli. Luni lolwazi balihlutha ababingeleli baseYiputa, solo mbali kunye nezinye izazinzulu ezininzi. Baba abathwali kakhulu ubhetyebhetye imithwalo yengqondo ligqithise ukusuka kwisizukulwana ukuya kwisizukulwana, kususela kwimihla yamandulo. ulwazi namava abo yaye igcinwe njenge imfihlelo ngamehlo abomvu.

Namhlanje izazinzulu ukwenza ezininzi ezifunyaniswe ngokufunda Egypt Ancient. Ababingeleli abazange bakwazi ukuphilisa kuphela, bafundisa abantwana iintlobo best yeenkomo yabola, wafumana iintlobo ezintsha kwezityalo. Bade udumo ithuba ukulungisa lenkolo yabantu. Kuyinto la abalungiseleli bambi ukhethe eyona ifanelekileyo ekutyaleni okanye isivuno ixesha, kwagqitywa imihla ngqo onogumbe umNayile.

Ngaphezu koko, xa zisenza iingqikelelo zabo ababingeleli lesiGrike elisetyenzisiweyo idata evela kwithala etempileni, abagcina kugcinwa iinkcukacha kakhulu iziganeko ezininzi ngeenkwenkwezi. Oku kungqinwa ezinqabileyo emininzi ezifumaneka ngexesha bemba.

ulwazi

Uphononongo laseYiputa yamandulo ababandakanyekayo ziingcali ezininzi. Kodwa akukho mntu uthi ukuba uyayazi le mpucuko ukuya ekupheleni, yaye, ingakumbi, kukho umfanekiso opheleleyo noko eli ngokuphathelele ephakeme.

Umbuzo oko ulwazi balihlutha ababingeleli baseYiputa, nangoku uvuliwe. Kodwa ke kunokuthiwa enye into: uninzi izazinzulu musa ukukhanyela inguqulo uluntu namhlanje e bakufumeneyo, ubugcisa babo.

E Egypt amandulo kakhulu kuphuhliswa ngeenkwenkwezi, nto leyo ngokusondeleyo intersected ukubhula. Noko ke, akuzange kube 'proritsatelskoy "lwezolimo kunye zonyango. Ababingeleli wafunda impembelelo beenkwenkwezi kunye namanye amaqumrhu yasezulwini imvelo kunye nentlalo-ntle yabantu.

Kodwa kukho nenye uluvo: ekufunyanweni mntu umazi impucuko yethu unetyala kubameli lempucuko komhlaba. Kwaye oku edibene lwamkelo ngurhulumente njengoko eYiputa yamandulo, ababingeleli indlela yobomi yabantu bayo kunye nezithethe zabo zonqulo lakhe lonke vymeryat ngokungqinelana nemithetho, nto leyo eyabangela inkwenkwezi Sirius.

Okumangalisayo kukuba, ukuba igama kunye uthixo omkhulu amaYiputa. Osiris ... Eli gama ngokucacileyo nokwazisa oluvakalayo nentlonelo Sirius.

imisebenzi

Ababingeleli, njengoko abaninzi bekholelwa, akazange zijolise ukuluphelisa ukuthanda unqulo zaseYiputa. Oko wayengamoyiki ngabantu bakhe abaqhelekileyo. Ngaphezu koko, unqulo kule impucuko engundoqo kuphuhliso loluntu kunye nophuhliso lomntu.

E Egypt yamandulo, ababingeleli baye bohlulwa baba ngamaqela ahlukeneyo, ukwenza imisebenzi ethile. Zazifana abagcini eemfihlelo ezingcwele, kunye nabalawuli zonqulo. Kuba nkqu elifomatiweyo lisezantsi waba kakhulu ukufunda, kwaye le nkqubo yaba elinzima nzima. Ukuba, umzekelo, ukuthetha malunga Bakenkhonsu career umbingeleli omkhulu ebudeni bolawulo Ramsesa Velikogo, uqeqesho yakhe yaqala xa umbingeleli elizayo eneminyaka emine nje kuphela, kwaye isiphelo sawo eneminyaka emashumi mabini.

magic

Oku ingqalelo isixhobo zabo ezinamandla. Asebenzisa magic phantse kuzo zonke iinkalo zobomi. Umzekelo, ukuba ukunyanga isigulane, umbingeleli waseYiputa kuqala wamazisa sethongweni. Ngexesha ekukhohlweni yesigulane, yena enkhowudwa zingqondo yakhe afumane oko akufunayo; ukuza ukuchacha kwangethuba epheleleyo.

umlingo wabo wasala usetyenziswa kuzo zonke iinkalo zobomi, kodwa kwinkalo zonyango kunye nokhuselo ezinento yokwenza amayeza, inkcubeko, etyhilwe amehlo kwi eYiputa yamandulo yafikelela uphuhliso layo eliphezulu.

Naluphi na ukusetyenziswa kwamayeza eYiputa yamandulo, wayehamba yi ukuqaliswa umguli kule meko, yaye ngoko nokhowudo lwenziwa kugxothwe kunye nezibheno koothixo onegunya kunabo.

Impembelelo ekude

Ababingeleli wazazi ngokugqibeleleyo zakhono, etyhilwe amehlo ezilumayo asichaphazeli nje kuphela iintshaba zabo, kodwa iintshaba karhulumente. Ukuze benze oku, ayesebenzisa Psychotechnics yomabophe imfihlelo limangalisa ezahlukeneyo, umzekelo-crafting amanani wax iintshaba, kwakunye phezu imifanekiso imilingo. Yokuvela kude kubo ezifunekayo ukuya sethongweni, ukuba abe nako ukuba nempembelelo ingqondo emzimbeni yabadlali.

Ezinye iingcali zikholelwa ukuba ababingeleli baseYiputa ziyiminyanya ulwazi lwabantu le ngxaki yokusetyenziswa ngomlingo.

magic requiem

Siyazi ukuba aba ababingeleli iitempile Sizibandakanye inkonzo yokuqala woothixo namahlelo. Kodwa hayi kuphela. Ababingeleli Iyakwazi ngokugqibeleleyo ubuchule isiko - zomngcwabo - umlingo njengoko zamangcwaba kunye namangcwaba eYiputa yamandulo lukhulu. Kukholelwa ukuba bakwazi ukuphembelela iimfihlelo eyimfihlakalo oomabophe kunye "ka" - ubukho emva kokufa, niyakwazi mummify indlela abafileyo. Ababingeleli zibekwe sarcophagi kufuphi nabo sihlandlo wenza izinto zobugqi. "Ushabti," njengoko zazibizwa, ngokutsho amaYiputa, abagcini "ka" womfi kwi kokufa.

Yamasiko nemikhuba

Abantu abaninzi bacinga ukuba le ndlela babonisa intlonelo kwabo izithixo, waza wajika wabuyela yakhe phezu kwabo ngonaphakade. Enye siko, xa ababingeleli Osiris ngemini qhankqalazo okanye noEva Omtsha koNyaka enxibe iimpahla kunye bazimilise iimaski, waza ke waya kungena kuwo umzi ahamba ezitratweni, efana kakhulu imigubho yanamhlanje. Umahluko kuphela kukuba yenzekile kuphela inyanga entsha, kwaye igqalwa rite ingakumbi ezingcwele, njengoko ebantwini mihla a shou.Tem zokuzonwabisa eqhelekileyo ubuncinane ababingeleli zinamandla "isixhobo" waba umlingo wabo. Kwakukho sethongweni inkcubeko lonke ngamakhubalo, potions, imifanekiso kunye iziza, ekhusela kuquka zizifo ezahlukahlukeneyo: elithabathela ukulunywa izinambuzane kunye kweenyoka noonomadudwane eziyingozi. Ukongeza, phakathi kweli nangokodidi enza amasiko ezikhethekileyo kumangaliswa abaphandi kude kube ngoku. Ngokomzekelo, kutheni ababingeleli baseYiputa yamandulo, eshiya ibandla, exhaswa kude.