Sofya Romanova: engobomi, olunomdla

Ntombi Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich Sofya Romanova wazalwa September 27, 1657. Yena waye umntwana lesithandathu kwi indlu yakomkhulu. Umama wakhe, Maria Miloslavskaya, waye umfazi wokuqala Alexei kunye unina yookumkani Fyodor III kunye Ivan V. Will Sofya Romanova iimeko, kwakunye bazalwana, waba ngumlawuli - ngowokuqala ukususela Princess Olga kwi X kwinkulungwane.

ubuntu

Utitshala Sophia Alekseevna yaba mufundhisi bakaSimon of Polotsk - ngomnye wabantu abaninzi abafundileyo Russian yaloo xesha. Ayimangalisi into yokuba bexesha ingqalelo okweqanda eliqaqambileyo indoda enengqiqo.

Ngokwesithethe Moscow State, njengako leyo kwiikumkani intombi baba ubomi abucala kakhulu. Amaxesha amaninzi, inkosazana akazange atshate. Umtshato kunye bakhaya (nkqu Boyar) yayigqalwa engeyiyo kumtshato kunye nabameli amakhosi yaseYurophu nayo kwakungenakwenzeka ngenxa yokungafani zonqulo. Nozipho Alekseevna naye akazange abe iqabane. Kodwa ke, ukuba umzobo kwezopolitiko, wahlukana isithethe yasekhaya ekhoyo zocindezelo yabafazi begazi ukuya entsimini yoluntu.

crisis dynastic

Alexei Mikhailovich wayenabantwana ezininzi, kodwa, kuphantse ukuba bonke bephela yahlukile yempilo enkenenkene. Ukumkani uye wabona oonyana ababini omdala. Ukusweleka ngo-1676, mlawuli wenza yindlalifa wakhe unyana wesithathu, Fyodor, owaba Fyodor III. Lo mfana Kwakubuhlungu. Wafa 1682 eneminyaka engama-20.

Ukulondolozwa emihleni yokumkani mfana zavelisa ingxaki dynastic. Bekukho umbuzo we ezihlangwini. Ke into kwi imeko yezopolitiko, babonakala Sofya Romanova. Fedor, ngaphandle noodade abambalwa abaninawa ezimbini: uYohane noPetros. Ngoko ke ukumkani wafa engenabantwana, amandla kufuneka kudlule abanye babo.

Ivan wayemdala, kodwa impilo yakhe ethe kuphakamisa imibuzo emininzi. Jr., uPetros, phezu koko, ebonakala uhlaziyeke, impilo-ntle yaye ingqondo abantwana. Ukongeza, abathetheli abantwana nabafazi ezahlukeneyo Alexis. Ivan waye unina ka-Maria Miloslavskaya, unina uPetros - Natalia Naryshkin. Unobangela umhlana ezihlangwini zabo benza nezihlobo ngeentsapho izinduna '.

Umongameli

Isimanga, kodwa ube nani angavuma ziingcungcu eMoscow waba Sofia Romanov biography leyo ebonisa ufumene umyolelo owomeleleyo yakwazi nolawulo. Ngowe-1682, emva kokufa Feodor III, kwikomkhulu kwakukho musketeers uqhushululu - amajoni, bakha isiseko umkhosi rhoqo Russian ngelo xesha.

Army isidumo MILOSLAVSKAYA, wamelana candidacy uPetros. Sagittarians Naryshkins otyholwayo ukubulawa Ivan, ayifikela nendlu yokumkani. Abafa izinduna ezininzi, wema ecaleni uPetros, kuquka "umgcini 'yakhe Artamon Matveev. Ngenxa yale ngoncedo axhobileyo alwayo izidwangube bavumelana ukuba zombini abazalwana baza kulawula kunye.

Kodwa lo ukuhlehla zange rhoxisa esakhula. Ke iingangamsha bagqiba ukuba engcono kungaba Regent Sofya Romanova. Biography intombi Alexei Mikhailovich zilungele onke amalungu le-Elite eMoscow, yaye ngoJuni 1682 waba uKumkanikazi apha umninawa wakhe omncinane.

Isandla sokunene Sophia

Ngaphambi kokuba isiphelo Russian kwenkulungwane XVII kwakukho iingxaki ezinzulu eziliqela ngaphakathi nangaphandle. Bona esihamba kunye nawo onke yibhodi Nozipho. Romanov wayenamandla gqitha, kodwa lithathe isigqibo ngokusekelwe kwingcebiso ayithanda. Ikufutshane Umcebisi inkosazana leyo inkosi kunye namazwe Prince Vasily Golitsyn. Ngokusemthethweni, waba yintloko Abameli komyalelo (analogu Ministry of Foreign Affairs).

"12"

Imbali kabawo Nozipho wafumana ingxaki Orthodox noqhekeko yonqulo. komhlaba Church lwaqhutywa phantsi Tsar Alexis kunye uMphathi Nikon. Tshintsha ezinye mfundiso zemveli kunye namasiko kwakhokelela ukuba uxhathiso ibonwe yoluntu. Abantu akazange afune ukwamkela ezintsha, wayetyholwa ngokuba ngumchasi.

Nozipho Alekseevna Romanov, ulawulo wakhe nokuqhubekeka ubhalo wokulawula uyise, inkxaso-nkqubo yangaphambili ingcinezelo kwanabo. Ngowe-1685, inkosazana wathabatha babizwa ngokuba "amanqaku 12". Kulo mthetho ukuba uhlelwe isohlwayo ngokunxulumene ukuya Amakholwa Endala. ekubulaweni Uvunyelwe, ukungcungcuthekiswa, ukuvalelwa ngaphakathi iindonga yoonongendi, kohluthwa impahla.

Ulwamkelo "12" kukhokelele imfuduko of kwanabo ukusuka eMoscow nakwezinye izixeko ezikhulu karhulumente Russian. Umbhali-mbali Lev Gumilyov, kunye nezinye abaphandi abaninzi bakholelwa ukuba lo mthetho ngomnye ezimbi kwimbali nkqubo setyala karhulumente Russian. Okubangel 'umdla kukuba, ngomnyaka uLouis XIV ngaxeshanye kunye Nozipho irhoxisiwe eFrance Edict ka Nantes, iyeke nokwamkeleka kweenkolo, ekubeni amaProtestanti.

ukuthula kwaphakade ne Poland

Naxa UAlexis Russia ilwa ePoland. Imfazwe ngowe-1667, kodwa ke iingxabano indawo azikhange zigqitywe. isisombululo eyakhiwe ngayo le ngxaki, waza Nozipho Alekseevna Romanov. Ebudeni bolawulo Regent kufika ngexesha xa omabini mazwe baba nomdla nokusonjululwa ukungavisisani elide-ukuma. Phantsi kwale mvelaphi, eMoscow emva kokuba efikile Rzeczpospolita.

Ithambo abaxabana wahlala Hetman - kwilizwe Cossacks kwi Ukraine. Ehlabathini mmandla kunye impikiswano yavusa. Emva thethwano okude 1686 ukuba kunjalo wenza Peace obunguNaphakade. Ngokutsho kuyo, Poland subjects Russia eKiev, lonke Ekhohlo-Bank Ukraine, Zaporizhzhya, Chernigov, Starodub kunye ESmolensk. Kutshintshiselwano, eMoscow iye ihlawulwe 146 lamawaka engange, wanika imvume yabo inxaxheba emfazweni joint yaseYurophu nxamnye eTurkey, leyo basongela Rzeczpospolita ukusuka ezantsi. Warsaw ukugcina Volhynia kunye Compostela, ngokunjalo ukuqinisekisa amalungelo abalawulwa Orthodox.

imikhankaso iCrimea

Isiphumo ngqo Yoxolo obunguNaphakade kunye ePoland intlangano amaphulo Russian iCrimea nxamnye Ottoman kunye ingumbuso alo iCrimea khan. Kwakukho nemikhankaso ezimbini. Zombini kwakhokelela Vasily Golitsyn. Ukuqeshwa eyiNtloko Sofia inkxaso Romanov. biography olufutshane ngonozakuzaku kwabonakala inkosazana zifanelekileyo.

Ngowe-1687, umkhosi 100,000th Russian bahamba uhambo. ICrimea AmaTatar kubasa umlilo emathafeni, nzima kakhulu ubomi yomkhosi. Ngenxa yoko, umkhosi omkhulu Golitsyn boyisiwe. Noko ke, ukwenza ngasekunene ephangweni kwecala alimwi Gregory Kosagova Ochakov kubanjwa, zawanqwamza Bugeac anayo.

iphulo Second iCrimea kwaqala ngo-1689. Golitsyn wafika Perekop, kodwa akazange makayithabathe, babuya umva. Prince wamchazela isigqibo sakhe ukurhoxisa yokunqongophala kwamanzi acocekileyo. Ngenxa yoko, le bezilungiselela iCrimea andiyizisanga naziphi na izibonelelo eziphathekayo eRashiya. Noko ke, baye banda udumo iMoscow emehlweni Western Yurophu, apho Turkey yaba umdlali engundoqo asongele uxolo nocwangco wayo yonke impucuko yamaKristu.

Relations ne China

Ubudlelwane Nozipho uchukumisa kuphela neengqukuva zaseYurophu, kodwa imida kude okwimpuma yeli lizwe. Zonke kufika Russian kwinkulungwane XVII (ingakumbi Cossacks) ilandelwe ukuya ngasempumalanga, bada ekugqibeleni bafika emdeni Chinese. Kuba ubudlelwane ixesha elide kunye Qing Dynasty ayenziwanga kulawulwa yi naluphi uxwebhu.

Ingxaki ephambili kukuba mazwe mabini ngokusesikweni kuvunyelwene emdeni wabo, ngokuba asoloko ngquzulwano kwiindawo ezikufutshane. Russian, wakhangela ukulima umhlaba ofanelekileyo, kuhlala kummandla Amur, nayo leyo ezazizininzi uboya. Noko ke, le ngingqi ibe kummandla eziphembelela uBukhosi Qing. Le apogee zeengxabano kunye bezithanga baqalisa nasekuxinweni Chinese lamabutho Russian Albazin ngo-1685.

Kuba kuqheleke neentlobano kummelwane wayo empumalanga kwingingqi kwelentshona ye-izimvu ukuthumela isigidimi, nto leyo esicwangciswe Nozipho Alekseevna Romanov. Iziphumo ze inkosazana yeBhodi lentsholongwane ngokubanzi, kodwa ke esi siganeko kunye China uye waba ngokubethwa kabi kwimbali Regency. Qing Dynasty wenza kokusayina isivumelwano yi disadvantageous kakhulu eMoscow. Russia umnakekeli neziphaluka zayo Far Eastern, ummandla Amur, kwakunye inqaba Albazin. Umda ne China yabanjwa ngomhla kweenxweme Argun River. Uxwebhu esayinwe Nerchinsk waziwa isivumelwano Nerchensky. isenzo kwayo wayeka kuphela phakathi kwenkulungwane XIX.

ukulahleka kwamandla

Umyalelo ezisekiweyo Regency ka Nozipho ayikwazanga ngonaphakade. UPetros wakhula ngokuthe ngcembe, yaye kungekudala udade sakhe kufuneka ukuba amnike amandla. Lo mzalwana yesibini - Ivan amandla - nangona ubume ephakamileyo yayo nayiphi na indima ezimeleyo badlale. Ngokwesiko ngelo xesha, ekugqibeleni uPetros waba omdala emva watshata intombi igosa lakomkhulu Evdokia Lopukhina. Noko ke, Nozipho Alekseevna Romanova, kwincwadi engobomi bomntu emfutshane ebonisa yakhe njengomfazi amandla-olambileyo ayikho ungxamile ukunika indlela kwisigxina lolona umninawa wakhe omncinane.

Kwiminyaka nje embalwa okweqanda Regency engqongwe yena nabantu abalungileyo. iinkokheli Military, kuquka inani abatoli got kwizikhundla zazo ngenxa Nozipho kwaye inkxaso kuphela amabango ayo. UPetros waqhubeka ehlala kwilali ipoma ka Kumbi, ubudlelwane bakhe yesicelo mandundu nobudlova.

Umkhosi kuphela ukuba akwazi ungenakuxhomekeka umlawuli ikusasa kuhlekwe kwakhe amajoni. Ezi regiments kwasekwa iminyaka emininzi. Ekuqaleni, inkosana nje umdla isiqhazolo emkhosini, kodwa ngokuthe ngcembe umkhosi wakhe waba amandla ukuloyisa. Ngo-Agasti 1689 abaxhasi waxelela uPetros ukuba wayelungiselela uhlaselo. Lo mfana wazimela Emnye-uSergiyo Monastery. Ngokuthe ngcembe ngayo imimiselo kunye iidiploma, lizuze musketeers, noAvela wahlala eMoscow yodwa.

Ubomi woonongendi

NgoSeptemba 1689, udade kakumkani, wazidla, nokundulula Novodevichy Convent. Phakathi iindonga cloister Wayephila engqongwe nabalindi. Ngowe-1698 eMoscow kungekho ukumkani aphule strelets imvukelo. Le mvukelo iye livunyelwe. Uphando lugqibe kwelokuba ndihamba yelenqe ukuba ahlale phezu kwetrone Nozipho. ulwalamano lwakhe umzalwana wakhe akazange ngaphambili azakubalulwa imfudumalo, kwaye ngoku uPetros bonke bayalelwa ukuba ingca noonongendi dade. Sofya Romanova, portraits photo ebonisa ngokucacileyo imeko sakhe esibi entolongweni, wafa July 14, 1704 kwi Novodevichy Convent.