Ukuthatha Plevna imikhosi Russian: inkcazelo, imbali umdla facts

Lokufakwa kwe Plevna abendlu Alexander II wajika igagasi imfazwe nxamnye Ottoman. zokungqinga Long kwabulawa amajoni amaninzi kumacala omabini. Olu loyiso wavumela amajoni Russian ukuvula indlela eConstantinople kwaye ukukhulula akwiiBalkan kwidyokhwe Turkish. Umsebenzi ukuthatha enqabeni waba nembali yamajoni njengenye kakhulu yimpumelelo. Iziphumo kwephulo zitshintshile ngonaphakade imeko neAfrika eYurophu kunye noMbindi Mpuma.

ngumba

Kude kube kwinkulungwane ye-yeshumi elinesithoba, uBukhosi Ottoman kulawulwa kakhulu kwiiBalkans kunye Bulgaria. ingcinezelo Turkish inabela eMzantsi Slavic phantse kuzo zonke izizwe. UMbuso Russian ebesoloko wadlala indima yoMkhuseli le nokuxubana, kunye nomgaqo-nkqubo angaphandle ligxile kwi kokukhululwa kwabo. Noko ke, ekupheleni kwemfazwe lwangaphambili, iRashiya olahlekelwe lwezithuthi kuLwandle Black kunye nenani iindawo apha emzantsi. Kwathiwa izivumelwano umfelandawonye phakathi Ottoman kunye Great Britain isayinwe. Kwimeko ka-Russian War ad, amaNgesi sanyanzeleka ukuba ukunika uncedo yomkhosi baseTurkey. Le meko bashiywe ithuba ukugxothwa nabaseTurkey evela eYurophu. Imbuyekezo, baseTurkey wathembisa ukuba bahloniphe amalungelo amaKristu niyitshutshise ngezizathu zonqulo.

kucinezelwa komntu nokuxubana

Noko ke, kule minyaka ingama-60 kwinkulungwane ye-19 yabalasela intshutshiso entsha ngamaKristu. I-Muslims benamalungelo ezinkulu phambi komthetho. Enkundleni ivoti lamaKristu ngokuchasene Muslim akukho ubunzima. Kwakhona, uninzi karhulumente izikhundla emhlabeni ahlala yi baseTurkey. Ukunganeliseki kunye nale meko iye yabangela Uqhankqalazo mass eBulgaria kunye namazwe Balkan. Ngehlobo lowe-1975 iqala wombhodamo eBosnia. Emva konyaka, ngoAprili, yokuvukela ezithandwayo kukugubungela Bulgaria. Ekugqibeleni, baseTurkey ngokungenalusini ngeenyawo olo qhankqalazo, kwafa amashumi amawaka abantu. yenkohlakalo amaKristu yabangela ukunganeliseki eYurophu.

Phantsi uxinzelelo uluvo loluntu United Kingdom uyala nkqubo pro-Turkish. It unties ezandleni Russian Empire, nto leyo ulungiselela iphulo nxamnye Ottoman.

Isifo yemfazwe

April waqalisa imfazwe weshumi Russian-Turkish. Ukuthatha Plevna okunene kulona iinyanga ezintandathu. Noko ke, ngaphambi kokuba lo oko kwakufuneka ahambe umgama omde. Njengoko wayezelwe kwikomkhulu Russian, babemise ukuhlasela evela kumacala amabini. Iqela lokuqala ukuya nge kwintsimi ngesiRomania kwiiBalkans, kunye nezinye wayihlaba eCaucasus. On zombini ezi Iimbumba kwakukho imiqobo efana neentaba. Balkan Range ukuphazamisa ngokukhawuleza ukuba ukubetha neCaucasus, kwaye 'Ikwadrilatherali "iinqaba - ukusuka eRomania. Kwakhona, le meko wawunzima yi songenelelo United Kingdom kunokwenzeka. Nangona kukho uxinzelelo loluntu, i-British kodwa waqhubeka ukuxhasa baseTurkey. Ngoko ke, kwakuyimfuneko ukuze aphumelele imfazwe ngokukhawuleza kangangoko kunokwenzeka, ukuze Ottoman bayishiya phambi kokufika ukusekelwa.

ukuqala rapid

Ukuthatha Plevna olwenziwa ngumkhosi phantsi umyalelo Jikelele Skobelev. Ekuqaleni Julayi, Russian wawela iDanube waza waya kwindlela eya Sofia. Kweli phulo zangamawele, zithabathela ngumkhosi isiRomania. Ekuqaleni, baseTurkey babesiya ukufumana namahlakani phezu kweendonga weDanube. Nangona kunjalo, lo kwangaphambili ngokukhawuleza kwanyanzeleka Osman Pasha baleka enqabeni. Enyanisweni, ukubanjwa yokuqala Plevna isesendleleni-26 Juni. Squad elite phantsi umyalelo Ivana Gurko wangena esixekweni. Nangona kunjalo, lo esayenza Scouts amahlanu kuphela. Phantse ngaxeshanye Cossacks Russian esixekweni kuquka ithathele ezintathu Turks, ngubani bagxothwa kubo.

Eqonda ukuba ukuthatha Plevna Russian ukunika uncedo ngokupheleleyo qhinga, Osman Pasha ugqiba ukuba singene umzi phambi kokufika zemikhosi eziphambili. Ngeli xesha imikhosi yakhe kwidolophu Vidin. Ukusuka apho, baseTurkey babeza phambili ecaleni iDanube ukuthintela umnqamlezo Russian. Noko ke, ingozi encirclement kwanyanzeleka amaSilamsi ukuba ashiye kwisicwangciso sokuqala. Wokuqala ngoJulayi 19 ithathele ezivelileyo e Vidin. Kangangeentsuku ezintandathu Baye ke bengaphezu kwamakhulu amabini yeekhilomitha ukusuka zokudubula, impahla, igrosari njalo njalo. Kusasa ngoJulayi 7 Turks wangena enqabeni yomkhosi.

Xa Russian wafumana ithuba ukuze bawuthimbe loo mzi phambi Osman Pasha. Noko ke, yokungakhathali wayedlala ezinye Iinjengele. Ngenxa yokungabikho sezobuntlola wamajoni, Russian ungalazanga ixesha Turks bahamba esixekweni. Ngenxa yoko, ukuthathwa inqaba Plevna baseTurkey kudlule ngaphandle kokulwa. Russian Jikelele kaYuri Schilder-Shuldner emva kwexesha nje ukuba imini. Kodwa ngeli xesha baseTurkey ayesele bembe kwaye lukwazi ukungena kwizikhundla zalo ukuzithethelela. Emva ethile ikomkhulu cingisisi ugqiba ukuba ahlasele inqaba.

Lilinge lokuqala ukuhlasela

imikhosi Russian bahamba kweso sixeko bevela macala mabini. Jikelele Schilder-Shuldern wayengazi malunga nenani Turks esixekweni. Koko wabubhekisa column lasekunene-mkhosi, lo gama i ekhohlo waba kumgama ozikilometa ezine. Njengoko sayilwa ngokweqobelo, iintsika ezimbini ngaxeshanye kungena kuwo umzi. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa balungiselelwe ngokungachanekanga amakhadi bekhula nje ngaphandle. Around ngentsimbi omnye umhlathi engundoqo weza edolophini. Ngequbuliso, baye bahlaselwa baseTurkey iiyunithi kwangaphambili ukuba wathabatha Plevna nje kwiiyure ezimbalwa ngaphambili. Umlo kusiliwa, ethe aze abe ezimbini zokucwangcisa zokudubula.

Schilder-Shuldner wayengazi malunga nezenzo kumhlathi osekhohlo, ke ngoko, wayalelwa ukuba emke kwizikhundla bavele kunye wamisa iintente. Ikholam elisekhohlo phantsi umyalelo Kleyngauza weza sixeko Grivitsa. It wathunyelwa intelligence Cossack. amajoni angamakhulu amabini babenyuka ecaleni umlambo ngenjongo wokuhlola iilali ekufutshane kunye inqaba ngokwayo. Noko ke, xa weva izandi imfazwe, ukuba lihambe liye ezabo.

ekhubekisayo

Night ngoJulayi 8, kwagqitywa ekubeni ukuhlasela. Grivitsa kwi inxalenye kwafika kwikholam esekhohlo. Le jikelele ngezininzi amadoda aya entla. Izinto eziphambili Osman Pasha zazikufuphi Opanets elalini. Nxamnye nabo ngaphambili iikhilomitha ukuya ku abathathu baya malunga namawaka asibhozo Russian. Ngenxa emathafeni Schilder-Shuldner waphulukana angakwazi ukwenza. Zeza kunye izimpi zakhe kwafuneka aye kuhlaselwa ngokungqalileyo. Ngentsimbi yesihlanu kusasa baqalisa ukulungiselela zokudubula. Vanguard yahlasela Russian Bukovlek kunye neeyure ezimbini yeni baseTurkey. Indlela eya Pleven yavulwa. Arkhangelogorodskaya webutho, waya ibhetri engundoqo yotshaba. Amajoni adutyulwa kumgama ukusuka kwizikhundla zokudubula le Ottoman. Osman Pasha wayesazi ukuba noludumileyo wokwamanani kwicala lakhe waza wanika ukuze balwe. Phantsi yengcinezelo evela Turks regiments ababini bafudukela a udonga. Jikelele uye ucele inkxaso kumhlathi osekhohlo, kodwa utshaba ndihambela ngokukhawuleza kakhulu. Ngoko Schilder-Shuldner wayalela iyindawo.

Ibethe abanye ephangweni

Ngelo xesha Kridener buqhubeka Grivitsa. Ngentsimbi yesithandathu kusasa (xa imikhosi eziphambili sele siqalisile ukulungiselela zokudubula) abaseAfrika lweSizwe wambetha ephangweni lasekunene wokhuselo Turkish. Emva ihlasele unstoppable of Ottoman Cossacks kwi yokothuka waqalisa ukuba abalekele enqabeni. Nangona kunjalo, ngexesha uthatha indawo kwi Grivitsa Schilder-Shuldner sele lihambe. Ngoko ke, kumhlathi osekhohlo kwakhona baphambuke kwizikhundla zabo yokuqala. Ukuthatha Plevna imikhosi Russian yamiswa kunye nelahleko enkulu ngenxa yokugqibela. Kakhulu abachatshazelwa kukunqongophala sezobuntlola kunye nezisombululo angenzi Jikelele.

Ukulungiswa kwe ekhubekisayo entsha

Emva kokuhlaselwa ongaphumelelanga baqalisa ukulungiselela yokuhlaselwa elitsha. amabutho Russian zifumene ukusekelwa eninzi. amahashe Inzuzo kunye zokudubula iiyunithi. Wayengqongwe umzi. Yaqala elibukhali zonke iindlela, ingakumbi iinkokeli Lovcen. Kuba iintsuku eziliqela, wayeqhuba kwesimo esebenzayo. exchange rhoqo mlilo kuviwa emini nasebusuku. Noko ke, akuzange kube lula ukwazi inani ekampini Ottoman esixekweni.

Ukuhlasela entsha

Xa elungiselela ukuhlasela Russian, baseTurkey ngokukhawuleza sakhiwe iinqaba. Ukwakhiwa kwenzeka kwiimeko yokunqongophala izixhobo kunye bombardments rhoqo. Julayi elinesibhozo waqala enye ukuhlasela. Ukuthatha Plevna Russian kuthetha ukulahlekelwa imfazwe. Ngoko ke, Osman Pasha wayalela amadoda akhe ukuba balwe ukuya ekufeni. Olu hlaselo kwakhokelwa ukulungiselela zokudubula elide. La majoni angena kulo mlo emihlubulweni ezimbini. Imikhosi ephantsi umyalelo Kridener likwazile ukufaka kumgca wokuqala yokuzikhusela. Noko ke, kufuphi redoubt baye badibana umlilo gun olungathethekiyo. Emva ukubambana anegazi Russian kwafuneka ukuba ahambe umva. Skobelev wahlasela ephangweni ekhohlo. amajoni akhe zingasebenzi ukuba atyhudise kumgca ukuziphendulela le baseTurkey. Le mpi yathatha imini yonke. Xa ngokuhlwa, baseTurkey ngokusesikweni counteroffensive kwaye bayiqhuba amajoni Krindera ukusuka kwemiqolo yabo. Russian kwafuneka siphumele kwakhona. Emva kwale boyisiwe, urhulumente wacela uncedo Romanians.

ukuvimba

Emva kokuba ukufika isiRomania amajoni yaye kuvalwe kwaye bamba Plevna yaba lokulwa. Ngoko ke, Osman Pasha wagqiba kukuphuma yinqaba ongqingiweyo. Wamashumi amathathu ananye kweyeThupha imikhosi yakhe wenza yeyantlukwano. Emva koko, imikhosi eziphambili ngaphandle komzi kwaye betha i beemboniselo elikufutshane. Emva kokuba idabi elifutshane, bakwazi lityhale Russian, nkqu asithimbe ibhetri enye. Noko ke, ukusekelwa wabonakala ngexesha kwixesha elizayo. lezandla Melee. I Turks waziqhekeza waza wabaleka emva komzi, eshiya edabini phantse elinesihlanu lamakhulu wamajoni zabo.

Kuba zokungqinga epheleleyo kubalulekile ukuba zifake i Lovcen. Kungenxa Turks wakhe ukusekelwa kunye nezibonelelo. Esi sixeko ilawulwa ngumkhosi Turkish kunye neeyunithi abangabancedani Bashi-bazouks. Benza umsebenzi oncomekayo kunye kwemisebenzi yokohlwaya ngokuchasene umphakathi, kodwa ngokukhawuleza bashiya indawo kwi ngethemba yokuhlangana kunye nomkhosi rhoqo. Ngoko xa August 22 Russian wahlasela idolophu, baseTurkey asaba ukusuka apho ngaphandle nokumelana kakhulu. Emva kokuba kuthinjwe isixeko yaqala nasekuxinweni, bamba Plevna yaba kudlula ixesha. Ukuze ukusekelwa Russian kufika. Namafa ezifunyenweyo Osman Pasha.

Lokufakwa inqaba Pleven: Disemba 10, 1877

Emva isixeko isangqa epheleleyo Turks anqamka ngokupheleleyo angabikho ehlabathini ngaphandle. Osman Pasha akazange anikezele yaye waqhubeka nokomeleza inqaba. Ngelo xesha kwisixeko sokusabela 50,000 Turks namajoni 120 amawaka Russian kunye isiRomania. Ehlabathini isixeko yayakhiwe iinqaba zokubonisela. Ukususela kumaxesha ngamaxesha Plevna zokudubula neziqhushumbisi. I Turks yaphela up amalungiselelo kunye emthethweni. Loo mkhosi wabandezeleka kwizifo kunye nendlala.

Osman Pasha wagqiba kukuphuma ekungqingweni nasekuxinweni, esazi ukuba of Plevna kuthinjwe ekugqibeleni igalelekile. umhla ukuphumelela libekelwe ngoDisemba 10. Kwangokuya kwakusasa abantu Turkish ziye Kwasekwa wafaka iOfele waqalisa ukuqhekeka ngaphandle komzi. Kodwa indlela yabo, ukuba babe kwishelfu Little Russian kunye eSiberia. Kodwa Ottoman weza impahla ebiweyo kunye nempahla enkulu. Kakade ke, ukuba uphume enzima. Emva kokuba ukulwa, kwindawo nhlanganiso zathunyelwa ukusekelwa. Okokuqala, baseTurkey bakwazi ukuphosa phambili ngezigaba, kodwa emva kokuba kuhlaselwa ephangweni waqalisa abhenele esesihlanjeni. Emva ukufakwa kwi zokudubula edabini Turks babaleka elingafani, yaye ekugqibeleni wanikela.

Emva kwale loyiso, Jikelele Skobelev wayalela ukuba December 10 njengoko Day of History Military. amanqaku Ukuthatha Plevna eBulgaria kwaye ngexesha lethu. Ngenxa yale loyiso, amaKristu ndalahla yengcinezelo Muslim.