Dreyk Frensis - wamazwe IsiNgesi kunye privateer: engobomi, olunomdla

Frensis Dreyk - esasihamba, discoverer obathandayo Buccaneer Queen of England. zobuqhawe bakhe nokukhenketha wenza abaninzi nifune babeziindleko enkulu yolwandle. Nangona kunjalo, bambalwa ikwazile ukufikelela kwinqanaba ubutyebi nodumo, leyo ilifa Frensis Dreyk.

biography

Lo mhloli elizayo wazalelwa kuMbindi eNgilani, unyana ka lomlimi esisityebi. Dreyk Frensis yaba umntwana ngowamazibulo kusapho olukhulu. Njengoko unyana omdala, yena ethunyelwa ishishini kayise, kodwa intliziyo Francis oselula babephuma elwandle. Sele eneminyaka eyi-12 waba inkwenkwe kwindlu enqanaweni umthengisi omnye nezalamane zakhe ezininzi. Ngenkuthalo kwaye fast inzululwazi nokufunda zaselwandle negalelo koontanga bakhe. Umnini ke ngoko emehlweni Dreyk Frensis kwindodana, wafa, washiya owayesakuba inqanawa Junge njengelifa. Drake iminyaka ke kwi-18 ubudala iba umthetheli inqanawa yakhe.

kohambo sasekhaya

Ekuqaleni, njengabo bonke abathetheli iinqanawa zabarhwebi, Dreyk Frensis wabagxotha impahla ezahlukeneyo ukulungiselela iinjongo zorhwebo ebukumkanini yaseBritani. Ngowe-1560, Malume Drake, Dzhon Hokins, wakhankanya yokunqongophala ukwenzelwa yabasebenzi kwi zokutyala Yehlabathi Elitsha. Lo mbono ukuba Native American ngebhaxa akuzange kuncede - amaIndiya akazange afune ukuba ukusebenza, Musa ukoyika nxaniso kunye nokufa, kunye nezalamane zabo kuba umkhwa nengozi revenge for abantu abamhlophe laxhwilwa kwaye wahlukunyezwa yi Redskins.

Enye into - amakhoboka. Babenokukwazi kwi kunye kwilizwekazi Black, ukuthenga yabeka izinto ngenxa, athengise okanye urhwebo. Kuba nathi abaphila kwinkulungwane yama-21, la magama avakala okunyelisa. Kodwa ukuba indoda eliNgesi kwenkulungwane ye-16 ukuba nje ishishini - ngokufanayo nayiphi na enye.

Nokurhweba ngabantu

Laws of the World Elitsha wavunyelwa ukuba bathengise kuphela ezo amakhoboka onikezele Trading House Seville. Kodwa babe ngamakhoboka kwagqithiswa kakhulu umthamo yombutho yorhwebo, kunye bezithanga ubunzima ilahleko enzima. Abanini ehlathini yeti, ikofu, umqhaphu necuba babekulungele ukuhlawula imali olungileyo ngemigudu cheap.

Hawkins wagqiba ekubeni mithi. Yena wabelana icebo lakhe kunye neenkampani zorhwebo eziliqela, baza bamnika imali ukuze uqalise. Sele kohambo intombi ukuya Yehlabathi Elitsha kunye abantu baya mababuyekezwe yi-mali eyenziwe kwi nkampani. Nangona kwakukholelwa ukuba izenzo Hawkins nto engalunganga matiloshe okwetyeli kudala imipu afohlela, xa nayiphi na irhuluneli akavumelani kunye neendlela imisebenzi yayo. Irhafu kwi kumashishini rhoqo lwenziwe kubuncwane eNgilani. moya ezininzi ukusuka eAfrika ukuya Yehlabathi Elitsha wenza Hawkins kunye abathengi bakhe nabantu esisityebi kunene.

Enterprise Hawkins, Drake

Uhambo lwesithathu Hawkins wathabatha umtshana wakhe Francis Drake kwaye njengesiqhelo waya kunxweme Afrika abantu. Ngeli xesha, Dreyk Frensis yaba umthetheli onamava, saqonda ukuba Bay of Biscay , wawuwela Atlantic kunye smuggler ongumakad John Lovell. hambo Joint yaphela kabuhlungu - iinqanawa corsair wafumana isaqhwithi, butho off Kakade, esi flagship iye ubunzima ngaphezu kwabanye. Dzhon Hokins wagqiba ukuza kwi ukulungiswa waya kwizibuko San Juan de Ulua, kummandla Honduras. Emva kwakhe waya mna Frensis Dreyk. Ukuba bafumanisa - ngoko oku kuyinto ukwamkelwa zingabinabuhlobo ngokugqithisileyo wamnika idolophu Oomatiloshe ezimbini. Gun port ngokucacileyo walumkisa ukuba indlela kuyingozi kakhulu, kunye nothetha-thethwano kunye nabasemagunyeni basekuhlaleni aye awa phantsi. Ngeli xesha wabonakala phezu elundini iiseyile kwemikhumbi yaseSpain unxweme. Masela kwafuneka ukuba angene edabini olungalinganiyo. Zamob Francis Drake "I Swan" ngaphantsi zonakala ngexesha naseluqhwitheleni, Corsair wakwazi ukubaleka kwabandisukelayo bakhe, eshiya Nomlingane nakwizibetho zabo.

Xa efika unxweme IsiNgesi, Drake waxelela wonke ukuba umalume wakhe wabulawa lidabi olungalinganiyo. Kodwa emva kweeveki ezimbalwa elindele Corsair kuqubisana krakra: njengoko kanti, Hawkins ikwazile kusinda, yaye yena eziliqela babalekileyo oomatiloshe uvulwe kwimigibe Honduran. Akwaziwa into ethetha umalume kunye nomtshana, kodwa emva kweminyaka embalwa, baye bahlela uhambo entsha waza waqalisa zivule kwakhona Yehlabathi Elitsha.

Pirate Frensis Dreyk

Emva kwesi siganeko, Drake wafunga revenge for ukungaphumeleli Spanish isithsaba kuhlasela Honduran. Waye rhoqo bawasukela iinqanawa iSpanish, ibangela umonakalo omkhulu ukuya elukakayini. Indlela apho baseSpeyin babekhathazekile kuhlasela njalo Drake, kungqinwa yokuba intloko Pirate IsiNgesi kaThixo wamiselwa umvuzo ngamawaka-20. Ducats. uhambo lwakhe lokuqala ukuziphindiselela ngasekhohlo Portsmouth yezikhephe 1572. On iinqanawa ezimbini - "The Swan" yaye "Pasha" - waya Yehlabathi Elitsha ibe nako ukufaka kwikhompyutha kwizibuko Colombian ka nombre de Dios. Apha wakwazi rob iinqanawa ezininzi Spanish aze asithimbe zizityebi okuthinjiweyo. Ke Drake wawela Isthmus of Panama ukubona Pacific Ocean. Kusenokwenzeka ukuba uhlobo P isithuba olukhulu waphefumlelwa ukuba ukwenza ezinye izicwangciso ukuba nako ukuthwala kwiminyaka embalwa kamva.

Kwemfazwe Ireland

Ngeli xesha, kwiphandle kumthetheli okhaliphileyo, imfazwe. Ireland wenze elinye inzame zokufumana ukuzimela kwabo. Drake uyavuma ukuba bafake Essex Earl kwaye ithatha inxaxheba amadabi aselwandle nxamnye Irish. Xa ibutho zakhe ezintathu awahlali urhulumente athe wahlasela iilali Irish unxweme kunye warhaxwa iinqanawa yotshaba. Ukuze inkonzo kwizithuthi urhulumente Dreyk Frensis ithiwe thaca kwi-kwiKumkanikazi njengoko intle mikhosi.

Direction - Umzantsi Melika

Engaziwa, umthetheli isibindi wachaza izicwangciso bakhe Queen Elizabeth okanye kwathi ngexesha elinye iintlanganiso elilandelayo ukuba intlanganiso yokuqala. Drake wagxininisa into yokuba uqoqosho lwe eSpeyin Kwihlabathi Elitsha kufuneka kutshatyalaliswa, ndithabathela eKinerete kwelizwekazi South American iyilungele le njongo. Yena uza kubatshabalalisa amathanga iSpanish, akhiwe kule nxalenye yehlabathi ambeke phantsi ezinyaweni Elizabeth edliwe kakhulu. Queen of England wafumana yesindululo Drake kaThixo umdla gqitha yaye wamnika iinqanawa amahlanu karhulumente.

uhambo umhlaba

NgoDisemba 1577, waqalisa unyaka emithathu-ngohambo lwakhe Frensis Dreyk (1577 - 1580). iinqanawa zakhe amabombo Umzantsi Melika. Emva kokuba idabi kufuphi Rio de la Plata, waya ngakumbi ngasezantsi neenqanawa ezimbini elirhangqiweyo i Patagonia. Emva zeenkcuba eziliqela kunye inzalelwane waba nako ukufikelela Strait of Magellan, leyo yavulwa ngo-1520. Ebudeni isaqhwithi, yena waphulukana wabona inqanawa sayo sesibini, leyo, ekugqibeleni, emva akubo British wedwa. A flagship le "Golden Hind" waqhubeka nohambo lwakhe ehlabathini lonke.

nezinye kuzala

On the Pacific kunxweme Umzantsi Melika Drake baphanga ngokucokisekileyo amazibuko abazizityebi ePeru Chile, bathimba iinqanawa zabarhwebi kunye lithwele kudliwe. impumelelo yakhe enkulu lokufakwa inqanawa zobungangamela Spanish "mfono Senora de Concepcion" - iinqanawa ilungileyo butho Spanish. Drake wathimba inqanawa ubephethe osisityebi impahla yegolide nesilivere bullion, leyo liqikelelwa kwi iikhilogram 150,000 - imali ezisemagqabini ngaloo mihla. Eqonda ukuba abantu baseSpeyin nomsindo uya babemlindile kwiindlela njengesiqhelo, Drake wagqiba ziyijikeleze i-Pacific Ocean kunye ukubuya ekhaya indlela entsha. Ukongeza zolondolozo ngo 1579, wafudukela ukuya ngasentshona.

Ebudeni bohambo Drake wabeka phezu imephu siqithi eselunxwemeni kaloliwe, ukuseka ubudlelwane kunye bomthonyama, ngaloo ndlela ukubeka isiseko urhwebo yaseNgilani kunye namazwe Asia.

Behlangana e England

Phantse kohambo seminyaka emithathu-yafikelela esiphelweni. NgoSeptemba 1580 Drake bafika e Plymouth. Wazisa kwizibuko kuphela umkhumbi wabo, kodwa wathimba inqanawa iSpanish, igama "Kakafuego". I-Queen wamkelwa ngezandla ezishushu kakhulu Drake ngenxa esihlasela Pirate nizalise kakhulu mali zawo. Koroleva Elizaveta ngokunzulu wakhwela bekhwele i "Golden Hind" yaye wavelisa uCaptain Drake iye knighted. Ngoko ke banikwe isihloko Pirate Sir Frensis Dreyk, yaye kuthiwa bexesha lakhe, azuza ukuzithandisa the Queen ngokobuqu, yaye azithandayo.

career Corsair engazange iphele emva kuwakrobela enjalo. 1585 bamfumana zeCaribbean, apho wayalela umkhosi weenqanawa 25 nobungangamela bakhe. It idlulisela esisityebi emzini San Domingo kwaye izisa phezu icuba kunxweme IsiNgesi neetapile. umsebenzi uCaptain Drake laphela ngo-1595 emva kokuba behluleke ukufaka Las Palmas. Kweli dabi uyisekazi Drake wabhubha - Dzhon Hokins, yaza induna wagula yimalariya, waya ekhaya. Kodwa ke, ngelishwa, esi sifo inkqubela, kwaye P idumileyo wafa Portobello. kokufa kwakhe yaba mini imyoli eSpeyin, apho iindaba ukufa Drake wadibana kunye zokhaliso iintsimbi.

Kunzima ukuba zazi igalelo ezenziwe kwimbali Nkosi Frensis Dreyk. Oko wakufumanisayo, lungafumaneka nayiphi kwimaphu yehlabathi. Phakathi imifanekiso ezininzi izicelo ugu kunye kwiziqithi ezincinane lizobe Ndididekile kunene phakathi Umzantsi Melika Antarctica. Le Akuse kuzo zonke iimaphu ihlabathi uvelisa igama Francis Drake - the P wodumo corsair ubungangamsha bayo.