Tallinn kaThixo Baltic Fleet sethutyana

Nakule IMfazwe Enkulu Patriotic engenise isiganeko, owenzeka kuka July 1941 kwaye wafumana igama Tallinn Baltic Fleet inguqu. Oku ibonwe ukusebenza kwayo ukuntsonkotha kwaba ngumzekelo inkalipho ephilwe le oomatiloshe Soviet.

Kubalwa umyalelo

amaxwebhu archive kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ekuqaleni ngamaNazi eJamani wahlasela njani eSoviet Union kwisiseko engundoqo kwiBaltic Fleet e Tallinn. Noko ke, nangona oku, umsebenzi eziyimfuneko ukomeleza umzi ulwandle nomhlaba zange kuqhutywa. Umyalelo bebabethe eziqhotyoshelwe into yokuba, ngenxa umgama wabo emdeni karhulumente kulo, ikomkhulu Estonia abayi kuhlaselwa lutshaba.

Ezi Ubalo izihloko kunye nophuhliso olukhawulezayo lohlaselo yomkhosi waseJamani, nto leyo ekhokelele zokuqala iintsuku ezilishumi kaJulayi 1941 utshaba iikhilomitha mathandathu Tallinn, ukudala, ngaloo ndlela, bawathothozise kukho kwisiseko yomkhosi wamanzi, icandelo somhlaba yaye kungabi ngexesha ukuba baphume ngasemfuleni.

Ngaphandle kwento yokuba urhoxisiwe umyalelo kakhulu ke lowo umyalelo North-West, elikhokelwa Marshal K. E. Voroshilovym, ukoyika uxanduva, akabanga nabuganga ukunika umyalelo ofanelekileyo, yaye ngaloo ndlela, ubelahlekile ixesha. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, imveliso imikhumbi Baltic Fleet namabutho nesiseko sayo yaye kuvalwe yotshaba, leyo kwaqalwa phantsi umlilo utshaba enzima. Olu sebenziso wangena kwimbali imfazwe ekuthiwa ukufudusa yiSoviet of Tallinn.

Iinzame yotshaba, ngenjongo yokufakwa Tallinn

Advance ngokukhawuleza imikhosi yaseJamani kwabangelwa odolo kaHitler, befuna zonke iindleko ukuze abakukhusela mthethweni Army kunye iinqanawa eBaltic Fleet ukuya eLeningrad, ukuthathwa leyo, ngokwesicwangciso "Barbarossa", omnye wemiba ephambili umyalelo waseJamani.

Ngenxa ngobungxamo yiSoviet of Tallinn lwaqhutywa phantsi umlilo elinesixhenxe ithathele zokudubula emi elunxwemeni elingasemazantsi kwe-Gulf of Finland, apho inkxaso ibhetri ezimbini eFinland. Ukongeza, le meko kakhulu nzima inani elibalulekileyo minefields, oluboniswe kudityenwe navies German kwaye Finnish kunye moya utshaba emanzini. Iluphawu yingozi enkulu kunye nakubaxholi inomzimba Finnish, ezisebenzela kule ndawo bay.

Lo myalelo zidida

Kule mihla, iingcaphephe zomkhosi kuphakamisa imibuzo emininzi kwesicwangciso umyalelo, ngokusekelwe apho Tallinn inguqu. Bunich Igor Lvovich - a Russian edumileyo umbhali-mbali kunye yekhasi - kwincwadi yakhe eyayinikelwe iziganeko ngaloo minyaka, yabhekisela amalahle isandi logic ukusebenzisa le ndinyana zonke iinqanawa ijelo engundoqo.

Akukho mathandabuzo ukuba xa amanzi ngokwaneleyo ziyilungele nenxaxheba Cruiser yenguqu laseKirov, kodwa kutheni ezinye iinkundla, owaba imvula kakhulu ngaphantsi, akuvumelekile ukuba usebenzise ezinye Fairways - engacacanga. Ngoko ke, lo umkhosi Wasolula ngenxa kwiikhilomitha ezininzi, nokubonelela ukhuselo ulwandle nomoya imikhosi yotshaba kwaba nzima.

Njengoko kubonakala kwincwadi yakhe Igor Bunich, Tallinn utshintsho lwaqhutywa kunye nokunqongophala bafa minesweepers. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, ukuhlola zam umqulu eyiyo, akwenziwanga kwaba, kwaye indawo bay abe yingozi ofayo ngenxa yenani elikhulu zombini kwimigodi yomkhosi wamanzi waseJamani kunye Soviet.

Sengqondo, kulindeleke umyalelo fleet

Ngokwesi sicwangciso siqulunqwe abasebenzi ngokusebenza, Tallinn yenguqu kwafuneka ukuba kwenziwa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: i-ngaphambili yabekwa ibutho yomkhosi eziphambili, yena walandelwa iinqanawa lokuhlawula, rearguard, wabuya wayivala loo lori ezine nendlwana. Phambi kokuba iqela ngalinye iinqanawa kwaba umsebenzi othile, ukuphunyezwa ngempumelelo apho kwakuxhomekeke kwisiphumo yeli tyala.

Iyonke iinqanawa ezingamakhulu amahlanu wathabatha inxaxheba msebenzi. Le kwecala imikhosi eziphambili olukhokelwa yi-Cruiser "laseKirov". Yena walandelwa abonakalisi ezine, lweenqanawa ezintywilayo ezintlanu, inani elifanayo minesweepers kunye nenani elikhulu inomzimba, izikhephe besikolo kunye nezinye. Yaba lamabutho umzimba omkhulu.

Uqweqwe squad kwakukho abonakalisi ezintathu, lweenqanawa ezintywilayo ezine izikhephe ngeenjongo ezahlukeneyo. Rearguard yayiquka abonakalisi ezintathu, iinqanawa patrol emithathu amaphenyane. ukukhathalela zawo ezikhaphayo ezine, eziquka inani elikhulu leenqanawa impahla ezithutha impahla kunye nabantu ezahlukahlukeneyo. Ukongeza kwezi mpahla, umsebenzi obandakanyekayo inani elikhulu leenqanawa gada olongezelelweyo.

Eziyimveliso elwandle, kwaye ukulahlekelwa lokuqala

Tallinn inguqu yaqala ekuseni ka-Agasti 28, xa iinqanawa kunye ethwala bayalelwa ukuba aye kwizibuko engaphandle. Noko ke, ngaphambi kwabo ekhawulezileyo sikwenze yadlalwa ngaloo mini storm, sikhatshwe ngumoya onamandla emntla-mpuma. Kuphela emva kwemini imozulu eziphuculweyo inkundla, nangona koombayimbayi lutshaba emlilweni, ndiqalile yakhiwe ukuze behamba.

Ngokoqobo ukusuka kwimizuzu yokuqala ekulweni imigodi ulwandle wangena leenqanawa, rhoqo kubabetha Paravani zabo - eyenzelwe ngokukodwa le izixhobo njongo, yaye trawls. Kodwa bay ke ngoko izele kwimigodi inqanawa akusoloko ilawulwa ngexesha sikuphephe intlanganiso nabo. Ngenxa yale mini amaxhoba landmines baqalisa iinqanawa kumphezulu ezilithoba ngwenya ezimbini.

Ngokuhlwa nobusuku ezaliswe zajika

Ngosuku lokuqala uhambo hide ohambisa kunye izihlandlo eziliqela phantsi zokudubula lotshaba, leyo lwenziwa ngokunzima umlilo, kodwa watsho phantsi. Around 20:00 thina zazibonwa amaphenyane inomzimba Finnish, efikelela rapprochement neenkundla Soviet, kodwa sekhe umlilo ashinyeneyo, ndabagxotha phambi kokuba ifike umgama umgama ongangowokutola inomzimba. ilahleko enkulu ubunzima ngenxa yokuhlaselwa lori ngu moya lutshaba, kwenziwa nje ngaphambi kokuqala lobumnyama. imikhumbi emine eSoviet batshoniswe, yaye ngaphezulu ezimbini zonakala kakhulu.

Kodwa elithile elikhulu meko iye intsonkothe ngaphezulu xa kuqala yobumnyama, xa mawuhle inqanawa engundoqo waba phakathi izigcayiseli eqinileyo. Ngobu busuku, bahlehla phezu emigodini kunye yazika iinqanawa kumphezulu elinanye ngwenya omnye. Ukususela nabasebenza kuzo eliqela abakhweli kwibhodi abantu kuphela elinesibini abambalwa wamhlangula.

Xa kujongwa imeko yangoku, injengele umkhosi kwanyanzeleka ukuba odola zonke iimpahla eseleyo ukuba uwise iankile ulinde kuyasa. Isiphumo sale phulo lokuqala ebusuku ndaphants - engamashumi amabini anesithandathu iimpahla aba abeza phezu olwandulela umhla Tallinn, batshoniswe. Ukongeza, iinqanawa ezintlanu - zonakaliswe ezimbini kuthinjwa lutshaba, yaye omnye elishiyiweyo.

Air ukuhlasela utshaba

Ngenxa kwimitha yelanga Agasti 29, 1941 iinqanawa baqhubeka nendlela yabo, kodwa namhla bayahlelwa tata kuzo uvavanyo okukhulu. iiyure Sele 5 imizuzu engama-30 phezu ikharavani baba German kwesimo moya, yaye ukususela 7.30 anzima air balandela omnye emva komnye. esasidla yabo ifake igalelo sakufutshane zokuchopha eziselunxwemeni, umgama awudluli kwiikhilomitha ezingama ezilikhulu, kunye nokungabikho phantse epheleleyo moya eSoviet esibhakabhakeni.

Phantse ngaphandle kokujongana naluphi na utshaba umlilo esinzulu, bendiza aseJamani akwazi ukukhetha iithagethi sikhulu kakhulu basesichengeni, kwaye ke hit nabo igazi ebandayo. Ngenxa yoko, ngqo bombing Agasti 29 ongezelelwa kodwa elinesine iimpahla abafileyo ngaphambili, kwakunye nokwanda inani abo baye ezonakeleyo efunekayo ethwele.

Rescue, ukusindisa amawaka abantu

Olu suku yabalasela nani likhulu ngxwelerha phakathi Noomateloshe, nabo babekhwele inqanawa, eziquka evacuees imikhosi emhlabeni yamajoni zamajoni. Noko ke, ngenxa yezenzo aid ekubandezelweni baye abantu abangaphezu kwama eziliwaka elinamakhulu amathathu ndayihlangula, yaye malunga namawaka amathandathu bakwazi ukuba behle ukusuka iinqanawa evuthayo ukuya kwisiqithi Hogland. Eli qela, ingakumbi wagxothelwa ukuqhuba ahlangule Kronstadt, kwakunye kwiziqithi Lavensaari kunye Hogland, nako kungakongela amawaka-waka abantu.

Ukuzama ukuqonda oonobangela ntlekele

Ukucacisa izizathu inani elikhulu yelahleko ezazihamba ngobungxamo yiSoviet of Tallinn, Bunich Igor Lvovich, incwadi kuxoxwa ngasentla, kwakunye nenani mbali zomkhosi ezichaza kakuhle kakhulu umyalelo, badla yabamisela abazazisayo zichasene ingqiqo. Umzekelo, kwaye ngaphandle ukuba paucity kwesigubungelo eye wathwaxwa umyalelo, siya Ndiyaqhubekeka Cruiser "laseKirov", ekuthi ngawo lweenqanawa ezintywilayo ezimbini, bayalelwe, eshiya hide ngesantya wathumela Kronstadt, ukuba enze ngoko nangoko.

Esazi ukuba inani kwaku ibinyanzeliswa kakuhle kwango kwamagosa, abathetheli-iinqanawa ngamnye, nangona nomyalelo, inkundla yabamba fairway wabo wasezantsi kwaye ngokukhuselekileyo ukufikelela kuyo, asindise abantu.

INkundla bafika injongo oyifunayo

Ngu ngokuhlwa ngosuku lokuqala iinqanawa ezinkulu baqalisa imikhosi eziphambili ikharavani ukufika Kronstadt. De zobusuku imashumi mabini anesithoba kubo ikwazile ukuba baphose ngempumelelo ankile kwi kwiindlela isiseko enkulu aselwandle. Ukongeza, nokuba elishumi elinamithandathu ifikelele indawo imikhosi yethu Hogland siqithi.

Agasti 30 Kronstadt wafika zibangele, ngokwamaqela amancinane okanye imihla elikhulu elinamanci anesixhenxe iinqanawa. Wahlela unikezelo onke amalungu enqanaweni ndayihlangula, kwakunye amajoni zamajoni eLeningrad. Ababuleweyo Kusasazwe ezibhedlele, kunye nabo nyamezela iingalo, babebhalwa Izakhi kwasekwa ukuthumela ngaphambili. Ngoko yaphela zishiye yiSoviet of Tallinn, iziphumo ezivumela ukuba bathi kwi amaphepha ezininzi ezibuhlungu kwimbali weenqanawa eSoviet.

Iilahleko ekungenwe iintsuku sethutyana

Nangona kwezinye iimpapasho ezishicilelweyo unikwa inombolo eyahlukileyo iinqanawa babulawa ngexesha lo msebenzi, kuya kucingelwa ukuba kwakukho ezingamashumi amathandathu anesibini. Esi sixa iyavumelana kakhulu ngedatha efumanekayo kwi-abaphandi. Oku kuquka zombini iinqanawa kunye neempahla abangabancedani kunye nezithuthi.

Kwakhona, akukho ukuvumelana inani lamaxhoba. Tributs Admiral, ngubani umthetho ngaloo minyaka kwiBaltic Fleet, uthi malunga namawaka abafileyo amahlanu memoirs zakhe. Ukususela ingxelo Stalin, Abantu Commissar of the Navy N. G. Kuznetsova, kulandela ukuba kwakukho amawaka asixhenxe anamakhulu asixhenxe, kwaye upapasho olusemthethweni Staff Jikelele yazisa ishumi lamawaka. Ngokucacileyo, le nkcazelo kakhulu zibubuxoki, njengokuba ngamaxesha yiSoviet, wasiwa zazi ilahleko zabo.

Isikhumbuzo yezehlakalo ezibuhlungu

Lo nyaka uphawula iminyaka 75 ngobungxamo yiSoviet of Tallinn, ngokunxulumene apho ingqalelo ingqalelo kumaphepha yobuqhawe kwimbali Russian. Ekupheleni Agasti, ukuba sele iwupasisile inani lemisitho unesimilo zembali yobuzwe, nto leyo eyayizinyaswe amagqala Navy kunye nolutsha.

Ngomhla izikrini yelizwe weza kwesi siganeko kabuhlungu sungula ku bhanyabhanya obubhaliweyo. Tallinn inguqu imelwe kuzo ngokusekelwe amaxwebhu agciniweyo kunye memoirs-nxaxheba kwiziganeko. Athi ngalo umsebenzi endababalwa oomatiloshe eBaltic. Ukongeza imisebenzi Igorya Bunicha, okhankanywe ngasentla, ngaloo mihla, siya kwaziswa bonke zokufunda kunye nezinye iincwadi malunga ukufudusa yiSoviet of Tallinn.