Abonakale Historical Yaroslava Mudrogo. Abathetheli Kievan Rus

Yaroslav Mudry, inkulu eRashiya yamandulo, azise nawuphi na umfundi. Xa umlawuli omkhulu lwemo enkulu, ngoku uhlala ngoxolo kumaphepha incwadi yembali, evula iingqondo abatsha kulwazi olutsha malunga nomsebenzi wakhe emangalisayo. A ngokuthanda ntiyiso, a ngonozakuzaku ezichuliweyo, ngezoqoqosho onamava kunye Connoisseur lokwenyaniso zobugcisa - konke oku enokuthethwa isikhulu. abonakale Historical Yaroslava Mudrogo ngokufutshane ukuchaza nzima, njengoko ebudeni bolawulo lwakhe namaqhosha ngesisa kunye nezenzo elungileyo kunye nezenzo ezikrelekrele.

Imfazwe kunye nabazalwana bakhe, ngokuba isihlalo sobukhosi

Emva kokufa Prince Vladimir of Rus washiya abaninzi oonyana-ziindlalifa. Senior Svyatopolk, wagqiba kwelokuba abe ngumlawuli enye, ngenxa yoku, wababulala abazalwana bakhe abancinane: Gleb Boris kunye Svyatoslav. Survivor Yaroslav, lo gama i-Prince of Novgorod, ukufunda zolwaphulo isizalwane, bahlanganisana squad, waya eKiev. Ukulwa ngokuba isihlalo sobukhosi phakathi abazalwana ebeyindoda yokulwa. Svyatopolk, uWele ngenxa umsindo yakhe embi obungathethekiyo bagwetywe ngokufuthi wacela uncedo Pechenegs. Le amabutho ukungalingani, kunye Yaroslav lweMedia. Kodwa ke abantu Russian ngamini-nye, wadinwa umlawuli ububi, walwela yaye wancedisa win Novgorodtsev umzalwana uthabathe itrone.

Emva kwethutyana ke kwafuneka ukuba aye edabini kunye Mstislav, ngubani walawula Tmutarakan. Omnye umzalwana naye wayefuna ukuba lixele shift ukuya etroneni, unyana ngempumelelo ngakumbi Vladimir. Kodwa apha, woyisa Yaroslav. Yakhe inkxaso kakhulu zombini iingangamsha kunye nabalimi eziqhelekileyo. Ukususela ngoko, i-Ixesha nokugqama Russia yamandulo. abonakale Historical Yaroslava Mudrogo (c. 988-1054), kunye namhlanje ithetha nesibindi profundity yale umlawuli omkhulu.

Kutheni Wise?

Samanye abathetheli wanika abantu abaqhelekileyo malunga nendlela karhulumente, imikhwa okanye imikhwa umlinganiswa. abonakale Historical Yaroslava Mudrogo yenza kucace ukuba umntu waba nzulu ngenene, ububanzi-nye nengqondo zohlalutyo ngokucacileyo. Ngokuthi "Izazi" wamnika lokubhengeza yakhe ngokungakhathali. Yena ukufunda kuphela iirekhodi kunye neencwadi, ngelo xesha ingqalelo kwincopho kuphengululwe, wenza naye yonke into ukuze ukusasaza nokubhala onke amacandelo oluntu.

abameli abefundisi, ngokomyalelo wakhe waqalisa ukufundisa abantwana ubugcisa ukufunda nokubhala. Prince kwakhona wavula isikolo amakhwenkwe, abekuyo Novgorod. Kwinkulungwane XI ukuba isiganeko enkulu ukuba awuyitshintshanga le ndlela abantu abacinga ngayo ebomini. Ukuthenga iincwadi ezininzi, inkosana bazisa ilayibrari elikhulu, wawunika eSt Nozipho Cathedral. Yaroslav Mudry - umzekelo lo mfanekiso yembali komlawuli, lowo ucinga njalo-ntle bakhe, kwaye ngandlela zonke ukuba wonyuselwa.

Intshayelelo translation

abonakale Historical Yaroslava Mudrogo ibonisa ingaqhelekanga stock bengqondo amanene, ebetha bakhe nobuchule kwisayensi nobugcisa. Yena waba ngowokuqala eRashiya abakhetha ukufunda nje kuphela uze ubhale incwadi, kodwa ukuguqulela imisebenzi akhoyo chroniclers basemzini zo.

Wandihlonela ubulumko kumalungu ezinye iintlanga, ingakumbi bephela iinkcuba of Greece yamandulo. Jaroslav wayalela ukudlulisela ezinde bulumko, ukuze abantu abafuna ukufunda kubo, sebenzisa ulwimi lwabo, Slavic, ngaloo ndlela ekuphuculeni ukufunda nzulu yayo. Ukubambelela kulo mgaqo, oko aphawula ukuqala yokutshatyalaliswa izazinzulu Russian ngokusekelwe ilifa waseByzantium. Kwaye xa kukho umbuzo phezu kuqeshwe Metropolitan omtsha, akazange acele nto evela phesheya, njengoko kulisiko ngaphambili, ndanimisela bakhe, Hilarion, evela kwilali elula Slavic Brest. imimiselo Church, Nomocanon kwakhona iguqulelwe kulwimi lomthonyama, njengoko sasinixelele Prince. , Kuba ukuba kuhle ukoyika utshintsho - ezi mpawu ukuba iinkulungwane ubonisa mfanekiso zembali Yaroslava Mudrogo. History of Russia lawo angazazanga nabalawuli.

Umthetho lokuqala isandla-abhalwe eRashiya

Ewe, kuba eli shishini elungileyo kwaye zikwafuneka waba isandla Yaroslav Mudry. Yena umi nelaye lasisiseko kakhulu yamandulo umthetho Russian lesikhumbuzo - "Charter" ( "Russian Inyaniso", okanye "iNkundla Yaroslavl"). Abaphandi Modern ngazwi linye ukubhengeza ukuba akukho nje kwincwadi ebhalwe ngu-Prince, akukho kuphela iingcinga zakhe neengcinga, kunye nomsebenzi nzulu kakhulu kwinkalo komthetho, ingqokelela yemithetho, iinkqubo kunye nezenzo sisebenza ngaloo mihla. Bathi ukuba indalo zokuqokelelwa irhuluneli banceda abantu. Kodwa nokuba zibhaliwe ngokupheleleyo, "Articles of Association", igalelo Yaroslav zibalulekile. Ekubeni ke, ubuncinane, ukubukelwa kubo, ekubabutheni bonke phantsi kophahla olunye, simanyene yinto enye waza ekupheleni - liveze ingqokelela.

"Charter" ukwanda izohlwayo lokubulala, ukutshisa, umonakalo imfuyo nempahla. Wema isigxina impilo kunye nobomi abantu abaqhelekileyo, wabiza imbuyekezo mali ngokwalo kunye anyeliswe. Kuyacetyiswa iimviwo, wayefuna izaphuli awasukela, athana mbende, khangela ubungqina bobuxoki - kweli nqanaba, kodwa ke uphuhliso sokuqala kula macandelo inkqubo yenkundla mihla.

Le bemilingo of Kiev

Yaroslav Mudry (1019-1054 - iminyaka wobukumkani bakhe Kiev) ebusa ngokwaneleyo. Ngeli xesha, i uhlezi karhulumente elichumayo kunye capital endala of Russia - Kiev. Prince axhasa inkolo. Wasamkela ukwakhiwa iitempile ezintsha kunye neecawa. Ebudeni bolawulo lwakhe baqalisa ukwakha yoonongendi yokuqala, phakathi kwabo Crypt edumileyo. Namhlanje, oko iphela Lavra, nto leyo ngobambana ebuhleni bayo ubomi obutofotofo. Yeyona iziko lobomi zonqulo eyayiseKiev.

Jaroslav kwakhona kwaqinisa isixeko umngxuma omkhulu, siwenze ube enqabeni ngokwenene. Ekungeneni southern ephahlwe esangweni, njengoko zazibizwa "yegolide" ngenxa uphahla zecawa. Kwakhona embindini le nxalenye ye dolophu yakhiwa Cathedral metropolitan, eyaziwa ngokuba Nozipho. Izakhiwo kwikomkhulu endala izixeko Russian aye alondolozwa kwaze ixesha lethu yaye zikwimeko entle. Bona sibengezela uzuko namandla ookhokho bethu. Izigidi zabakhenkethi minyaka beza eKiev ukujonga ebalulekileyo eyenziwe ngumntu.

Ngenxa kumthetheli baqala ukuphuhlisa ngokukuko belilinye ishishini. Masters kulo lonke eRashiya bahlanganisana e Kiev uze emva koko kulandele lonke ityala. Ngoku le ndawo kuthiwa emqukumbelweni. capital Russian le ubulawuli yayina yophuhliso kunye nokwabelana ngayo elinoonobumba aseYurophu ezifana London ne Paris.

nkqubo sangaphandle prince

Wakwazi ukwandisa imida Russia. amandla akhe wayisithelisa osentshona of Lake Peipsi: yakhiwe eli lizwe namhlanje eyaziwa ngokuba Tartu Estonian isixeko St. George. Umnqweno ukwenza ulawulo lwazo okusemandleni - a Credo nekhupha umfanekiso zembali Yaroslava Mudrogo. Imbali Russian ubonisa ukuba unako ukubuyisela amandla Neman on Yatvagi. Yena walakha ngokupheleleyo yaye waphila Kyïv nje kuphela, kodwa Novgorod, uVladimir-Volyn, Chernihiv.

Yaroslav waqinisa umda ulawulo, ndiziphethe umzabalazo esebenzayo kunye mbuya. Xa efika kwimida karhulumente bakhe, wazifinyezela squad kunye ngempumelelo balwa off uhlaselo yotshaba. Esoyikwa yaye ehlonelwa. Jaroslav yaba kakhulu kakuhle emihle kunye Ngomntu onengqondo, yanyuselwa kumazwe nempembelelo eYurophu: baseBritani, eFransi, eJamani, Norway, Byzantium. Abalawuli ezi ntlanga basela leti kunye naye etafileni yaye wathetha ngokulinganayo, Ndakugqala Russia iyunithi ngokupheleleyo-epheleleyo incoko, yaye womelele urhulumente ngelo xesha.

ubuhlobo dynastic

Prince Yaroslav Izazi, ifoto yezopolitiko ngoku esichazwe zonke incwadi yembali, wabonisa indlela ezixabisekileyo zemitshato bakhe, waqukumbela ummeli izindlu zasebukhosini eYurophu. Oku sikubonisa ubulumko lakhe elizukileyo. Wazimanya intombi Swedish ukumkani Ingigerda ukuba babhaptizwe kwakhona nge Irina.

Oonyana bakhe benza iqela elungileyo. Izyaslav wakhetha udade yokumkani Polish, Igor - Princess eJamani, Sviatoslav - inkosazana waseOstriya, Vsevolod - Princess yesiGrike sodidi Monomakh, leyo wazalwa omnye odumileyo Russian Prince Vladimir Monomakh.

Prince Yaroslav intombi kuhlala ngcono. Anastasia wayetshate uKumkani Hungary, Elizabeth - kuba umlawuli Norwegian, Anna - kuba ngukumkani French. Njengoko ubona, ezi amaqhina dynastic kuya kuphucula ngakumbi ukuma Russia kwi kwezopolitiko kunye noqoqosho lwehlabathi. Zabonisa ukuba yaseYurophu ithi amandla kunye namandla ookhokho bethu ibalulekileyo.

Ukusekwa kwe Russian Imperial House

Ngalo mzuzu ebalulekileyo, kakhulu, kwafuneka isandla Yaroslav. Wakwazi Ze ningendiselani nazo phantse yonke iYurophu, yaye oku kube negalelo ukuchuma Duchy wakhe Ozukileyo. abonakale Historical Yaroslava Mudrogo ibonisa ukuba umgaqo-nkqubo esebenzayo amazwe yamnceda kwimicimbi zasekhaya. Ngoko ke, ngenxa ubuhlobo usapho ebanzi, Walizinzisa urhwebo, waqala ukwakha le dolophu kunye komeleza ngakumbi umda.

Lo mgaqo-nkqubo dynastic samkelwa kwinqanaba mthetho. Alexander ungowokubongwa yaba ekuqaleni Russian Imperial House. Ngokutsho kwesi sigqibo, ladies usapho yasebukhosini ayengavunyelwa ukuba bangene kwimitshato kungalingani. Bayiphumeza uphuhliso nangakumbi le seLizwe. Emva lonke unxibelelwano kunye nezindlu yasebukhosini namanye amagunya komeleza kuphela indawo of Russia, njengokuba ezinye iimanyano wadideka kancinci. Ahlobene zamnceda siphephe iimfazwe, kwimeko yokuhlaselwa utshaba ziquka inkxaso esebenzayo kunye noncedo nokuqhamisa ikharityhulam ye-kanondyebo nokuphuhlisa zonke iinkalo zobomi ubulawuli.

isiphelo

abonakale Historical Yaroslava Mudrogo uyasibonisa kubunzulu ngokupheleleyo ingcamango kwenene, kusengaphambili bakhe kunye nengqondo yohlalutyo. Wayesazi kakuhle into ezifunekayo ukuze kuphuhliswe ngamandla ngokucacileyo wanamathela necebo lakhe. Ngenxa kuye, iRashiya lifikelele apogee yophuhliso lwayo. Economy, urhwebo, ubugcisa, kwaye ukwakhiwa kwi indawo yayo ephezulu. Urhulumente kuphela kwatyatyamba, iye yathi ngokwayo eqongeni lezopolitiko. Ndikunye Russ ingqalelo, oko elihloniphekileyo iziqu.

Yintoni, ngoko, kwakukho iindlalifa Yaroslav abalawuli Russia yamandulo? Ungubani na ke? portraits Historical zibonisa ukuba ezihlangwini ofanele kwi Nobulumko wayengekho. Akukho namnye woonyana bakhe akazange ngokugqibeleleyo ukulandela uyise, ngoko eli kuphuhliso Russia kuloo minyaka yokuqala akazange abone ngaphezulu. Yonke impumelelo Prince chu kwaphela, lehla izinga lokukhula, uze emva koko wanyamalala ngokupheleleyo. Yayisongela clock emnyama kumaxesha, the Time Iingxaki. Russ ngathi olityelweyo ubuthongo ecubhukile, elindele ukuba umlawuli omtsha olomeleleyo sisilumko.