Ukuqala kobukumkani uPetros 1. kaPetros King 1. Ixesha Peter 1

Imbali abahlukeneyo umdla yaseRashiya. Peter 1 singanefuthe elikhulu kuye. Iinzame guqula, yena wayekholose amava kumazwe Koloni, kodwa wenza ngokwesiseko iimfuno Russia, nakuba ayengenalo inkqubo ethile inkqubo yenguqu. I koMlawuli yokuqala ka-Russia inokukhokelela ilizwe ixesha "engacacanga" kwihlabathi oluqhubekayo zaseYurophu, kwanyanzeleka ukuba bahloniphe amandla ukubalelana nayo. Kakade ke, yena lo ungumzekeliso ozise ophambili kuphuhliso karhulumente.

Nkqubo kunye neBhodi yoLawulo

Qwalasela lo mgaqo-nkqubo yaye ulawulo Peter 1 ngokufutshane. Wakwazi ukudala zonke izimo ezidingekayo ukuze uphakamise iprofayile impucuko yaseNtshona, kwaye inkqubo yokunqanda iziseko ubudala kakhulu buhlungu iRashiya. Inkalo ebalulekileyo zokubuyisela yokuba ezichaphazela bonke iyaxela kwezentlalo, eli bali of Peter 1 yahluke gqitha loo misebenzi ababengaphambi yayo.

Kodwa ngokubanzi, Politika Petra ezilungiselelwe ekomelezeni ukubandakanywa eli lizwe inkcubeko. Liyinyaniso elokuba, wayesoloko wenza kwizigxina amandla, Noko ke, wakwazi ukwenza lizwe enamandla kunye imi intloko umlawuli ngamandla elipheleleyo mda.

Phambi Peter 1 eRussia kude emva ngokwezoqoqosho kwaye Nngokobuchwepheshe ezivela kwamanye amazwe, kodwa kuloyiso inguqu zonke iinkalo zobomi zikhokelele ekomelezeni, ukwandiswa imida bukhosi kunye nophuhliso yayo.

1 Politika Petra wayeza ukoyisa intlekele ekuyo i-traditionalism ngokusebenzisa iinguqulelo ezininzi, nto leyo a laseRashiya yala maxesha uye waba ngomnye nxaxheba engundoqo imidlalo zopolitiko ngamazwe. Yena lwaphembelela izinto zabo. sisidima kugquba yande kakhulu, yaye uPetros eyayibonwa umfuziselo wenguquko enkulu.

Waliseka ihlabathi phezu kwemimiso inkcubeko Russian kwaye inkqubo yolawulo esebenzayo, nto leyo yaye yagqugqisa iminyaka emininzi.

Iingcali ezininzi, ukuphanda imbali Russian, ukholelwa ukuba iinguqulelo nokubekwa ngenkani yaba azamkeleki, nangona akwakukhanyela uluvo lokuba kwelinye ilizwe nje abavuki, kwaye uKhesare kufuneka ibe nzima. Phezu kwako nje ngokutsha, eli lizwe akuthethi kukuphelisa kwenkqubo serfdom. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, kwalo uqoqosho umkhosi ezinzileyo wayebunjwa abalimi. Oku kuyaphikisana kuzo utshintsho oluqhubekayo uPetros Omkhulu, ngoko kwakukho imiqathango yeentlekele kwixesha elizayo.

biography

Peter 1 (1672-1725) wayengunyana omncinane watshata Romanova A. M. kunye Naryshkinoy N. K. ABC Learning waqala 12/03/1677, xa lalingekafiki kwiminyaka emihlanu ubudala. 1 Petros, ogama ngobomi ukususela ebuntwaneni yayizele iziganeko eqaqambileyo, kamva yaba umlawuli omkhulu.

Inkulu waphuma ngokuqhutywa yintliziyo kakhulu, amabali uthando kunye neencwadi zokufunda. Xa ukumkanikazi zeva ngako oko, uyalelwe ukuba incwadi naye kwimbali ithala leencwadi ebhotwe.

Ngowe-1676, Peter 1, ogama biography ngeli xesha yabalasela kokufa kukayise, kwaziswa umzalwana omdala. Indlalifa wamiselwa Romanov Ivan Alekseevich, kodwa ngenxa yempilo enkenenkene wavakalisa kunyaka-elishumi geqe uPetros. Miloslavsky akazange afune ukujongana nayo, kwaye ke kwabangelwa imvukelo Streletsky, emva koko ababini etroneni - uPetros Ivan.

UPetros kunye nomama wakhe babehlala Izmailovo, indawo awazalelwa kuyo Romanov clan, okanye kwilali Kumbi. abazange bayifumane khona icawa kunye nemfundo yehlabathi yaye isikhulu ngokwayo. ENamandla, ekhuthele kakhulu, wayesoloko wayedlala edabini kunye noontanga babo.

Le yokuhlala German, wadibana uthando lokuqala waza wenza abahlobo abaninzi. Ukuqala kobukumkani Peter 1 kudale dube, apho wahlelwa Sofia, ngokuzama ukuba balahle umzalwana wakhe. Akazange afune ukunikezela amandla ezandleni zakhe. Ngowe-1689, Prince kwafuneka ukuba babalekele Emnye-uSergiyo Lavra. Yena wancediswa kwithala yaye inxalenye enkulu eyadini, yaye nodade wabo Nozipho yasuswa ukusuka ebhodini kunye ngenkani entolongweni eMonastri.

Umi etroneni kaPetros 1. ngobomi bakhe loo mzuzu kuba ngakumbi ubunzima kokubini ebomini labucala kunye nemisebenzi karhulumente. Yena bathatha inxaxheba namaphulo okulwa eTurkey, ivolontiya waya eYurophu apho wathabatha izifundo of Sciences zokudubula, wafunda imikhumbi eNgilani, avelisa isethi yemisebenzi uhlaziyo eRashiya. Waye watshata kabini yaye nabantwana-14, ngokomthetho.

ubomi Personal of Peter I

Lopuchin Evdokia waye umfazi wokuqala kakumkani; lowo ke satshata ngo-1689. Umtshakazi ukhetha unina umlawuli omkhulu, yaye nomsa kuye, akazange va, kodwa ubutshaba kuphela. Ngowe-1698, waye ngenkani tonsured abe ngunongendi. ubomi Personal - iphepha elilodwa le ncwadi, leyo okunokuchazwa njengoko ibali kaPetros 1. Endleleni wahlangana ngoMatshi - ubuhle Livonian ngubani yathinjwa Russian, kwaye umlawuli, wayibona endlwini Menshikov ungasafuni ukuba ahlukane nayo. Emva lomtshato wabo, waba uKumkanikazi uCatherine I.

UPetros wayeyoliswa kakhulu kuyo, wamzalela abantwana abaninzi, kodwa wafunda ukungathembeki kwakhe, wagqiba ekubeni ukwabela itrone umfazi wakhe. ubudlelwane Complex kunye ukumkani kunye nonyana wakhe emtshatweni wakhe wokuqala. Umlawuli wafa, kwaye yokungabi ukuba ushiye umyolelo.

Umdla of Peter I

Kanye njengokuba umntwana lo tsar enkulu elizayo Peter 1 ukuqokelela kwithala 'funny' kumlingane kunye kulwa kwenzeka. Kubomi kamva ezi regiments baqeqeshwe kakuhle kwaye unogada omkhulu. UPetros benelungelo kakhulu ngokwemvelo, waza waba nomdla yezandla ezininzi nenzululwazi. Fleet - omnye uthando lwakhe, yena kakhulu abandakanyeke imikhumbi. ukubiya balufunda, bekhwele emahasheni, umdlalo, ishishini lathe kunye nezinye izifundo zesayensi ezininzi.

Ukuqala kobukumkani

Ukuqala kobukumkani Peter 1 dvoetsarstviem njengoko ekwabelwana amandla kunye nomzalwana wakhe, Ivan. Emva yokulahlwa kwe udade Sophia, uPetros ekuqaleni imithetho karhulumente. Sele eneminyaka engama-22 ukumkani oselula guququ wayezigxeleshele phezu kwetrone, nangezinto ozithandayo bakhe baqalisa ukuba imilo ngenxa lizwe. iphulo wakhe wokuqala Azov eqhutyiweyo 1695, entwasahlobo ka-1696 - lo wesibini. Ke uMlawuli uqalisa ukwakha izithuthi.

Imbonakalo Peter I

Ukusuka ebuntwaneni uPetros umntwana kunokuba enkulu. Esengumntwana, wayemhle kwaye ebusweni kunye nani, yaye ngaphezu kwako konke phakathi koontanga. Ngamaxesha uchulumanco umsindo wokumkani bondele twitching ubuso, kwaye uyoyika nabanye. INkosana Saint-Simon wamnika yinkcazelo echanekileyo: "Tsar Peter 1 - ubude, eyakhiwe kakuhle, ndayame kancinci. ubuso Round kunye ebunzi ophezulu, namashiya imilo ezintle. Ikhala isuntswana elifutshane, kodwa ayicacanga, imilebe zamafu, isikhumba emnyama. Ukumkani Amehlo amnyama imilo amahle, edlamkileyo banokuqonda kakhulu. Khangela kakhulu ngembeko nangesidima. "

era

umdla Huge lelona xesha Peter 1, ekubeni ekuqaleni ukukhula kunye nophuhliso olubanzi of Russia, siwenze ube ngamandla amakhulu. Ngenxa inguqu kumkani kunye nemisebenzi yakhe, umkhosi rhoqo kunye weenqanawa kwakhiwa inkqubo yolawulo kunye ukuyilwa, kwasekwa amashumi eminyaka. amashishini mveliso Ukwanda ziye zaphuhliswa zobugcisa abathengisa, ukuseka urhwebo ngaphakathi nangaphandle. Kwakukho ilungiselelo rhoqo lemisebenzi ukuze labemi.

Culture eRashiya phantsi Peter I

Russia utshintshile lukhulu, xenikweni uPetros wafikayo kwa etroneni. utshintsho oluqhubekayo ke kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba lizwe. Russia uye womelela, sanda imida yayo. It iye yaguquka yaba lilizwe yaseYurophu apho namanye amazwe kwafuneka ingqalelo. kuphuhliswa nje kuphela imicimbi zomkhosi kunye norhwebo, kodwa kukho kwakhona okwenziweyo yenkcubeko. Unyaka omtsha waqalisa ukusebenza ukususela kowoku-1 Januwari, kwabakho umlomo iindevu, wafika iphephandaba yokuqala Russian kunye neencwadi angaphandle translation. ukukhula Career ngaphandle kwimfundo yaba engenakwenzeka.

Emva kokuba anyukele etroneni, umlawuli wenza iinguqu ezininzi, yaye imbali wokulawula Peter 1 ezahlukeneyo nobungangamsha. Enye imimiselo ibalulekileyo kukuba ukudluliselwa kwetrone wesiko kuphela kwinzala umgca inkunzi icinyiwe, kwaye indlalifa linokukwenziwa nayiphi na ukuthanda yokumkani. Lo mthetho engaqhelekanga kakhulu, kwaye kwafuneka ukuba ukuzithethelela niquqele kwemvume ilawulwa, kwanyanzeleka ukuba ukunika ingxelo efungelweyo. Kodwa ukufa akazange amnike ithuba lokuba uphile ngaso.

Zokufundisa ngexesha Peter

iinguqu eziye zenzeka ngexesha Peter 1 yokuziphatha. Le ngamagosa babenxiba iimpahla aseYurophu, iindevu zakhe kungonga nje ngokubhatala ifayini enzima. Kwazeka kusefashonini banxibe iiwigi ecaleni imigca Western. Abafazi abangakhange ngaphambili namatheko aye ebhotwe, ngoku kufuneka ukuba iindwendwe, ukuphucula imfundo yabo, njengoko kwakucingwa ukuba intombazana abe nako ukudanisa, ukuba azi iilwimi zasemzini nokudlala izixhobo zomculo.

Umlinganiswa of Peter I

Umlinganiswa kumkani kuye zinokuphikiswa. Peter irascible kunye cool ngexesha elinye, i neduru kuthetha, ezinzima kwaye nemfesane, inzima kakhulu yaye ngokufuthi zibhuqe, yayimbi nokuthantamisa ngexesha elifanayo. Ngaloo ndlela kuchazwa ngabo ababemazi. Kodwa ke umlawuli omkhulu ingqibelelo, ubomi bakhe abazinikeleyo ngokupheleleyo kwinkonzo karhulumente, nguye waza wayitshabalalisa ubomi bakhe.

1 UPetros ukonga imali xa ukuchitha imali iimfuno zobuqu, kodwa ngokwakhiwa ezingxandeni zawo nomfazi zintanda, akazange okwenkawu. I koMlawuli babecinga ukuba indlela elula yokunciphisa iziphene - ukunciphisa iimfuno zabo, yaye oko kufuneka wamisela umzekelo kwizifundo zakhe. Kukho ke wakhangela kakuhle ngeendlela bakhe ababini: omnye - umlawuli omkhulu onamandla, ogama lesigodlo Peterhof ayikho ngaphantsi Versailles, omnye - umnini wayama ngayo, wasimisela umzekelo umphefumlo eyongayo kwizifundo zabo. Stinginess kunye Need abahlali ecacileyo yaseYurophu.

guqula

Ukuqala kobukumkani Peter 1 kudale linani iinguqu ephathelele imicimbi ikakhulu emkhosini, rhoqo wenziwe ngamandla, abasoloko kwakhokelela kwiziphumo ezinqwenelekayo kuye. Kodwa emva 1715 baba ngakumbi kakuhle. Siye lwaveza izimilo kwiminyaka yokuqala ye-Boyar Duma, eyabonakala zakuba lilize xa elawula lizwe. Xa siqwalasela ubukumkani Peter 1 Ngamafutshane, kukho iingongoma ezimbalwa ezibalulekileyo. Ahlela ofisi ophakathi. iibhodi ezininzi kwangena, ngamnye unoxanduva lwayo (irhafu, umgaqo angaphandle, urhwebo, iinkundla, njalo njalo. d.). uguquko yezeejaji uye utshintsho olukhulu. Kwathiwa ke lokulawula indawo kwabasebenzi hlola. Ushintsho zaphembelela zonke iinkalo zobomi: wamajoni, ecaweni, zemali, urhwebo, yedwa. Ngenxa inguqu olukhulu zonke iinkalo zobomi eRashiya wabonwa nje ngamandla amakhulu, waza wafuna Peter 1.

Peter I: Iminyaka ezibalulekileyo

Ukuba sicinga imihla ebalulekileyo ebomini kunye nomsebenzi kumkani, i-Peter 1, iminyaka ethe eziphawulwe yi iziganeko ezahlukeneyo ixesha okuphumla yaba kakhulu esebenzayo:

• 1700: eConstantinople uxolo sivumelwano, Great Northern War, Narva - ngokoyiswa-mkhosi.
• 1721: Le mveliso zivumelekile ukuba athenge abalimi, iziko Sinodi, iSivumelwano Nystad kunye Sweden ukufumana * uKhesare uPetros isihloko Omkhulu.
• 1722: iphulo lweCaspian kwaye uqhagamshelwano Ngokwembali kunxweme Russian yolwandle.

Ukuqala kobukumkani Peter 1 uye ukususela ekuqaleni eyakhelwe kumzabalazo karhulumente. Asiyondawo nto ebizwa ngokuba Enkulu. Umhla kobukumkani Peter 1: Iminyaka 1682-1725. Ukuba namandla-unothanda, zimisele, abanetalente, hayi ndizisole ngenxa ekufezekiseni kwanawo amandla okanye ixesha, ukumkani olungqongqo, kodwa ikakhulu ngokwakho. Amaxesha amaninzi oyingqwangangqwili, kodwa ngenxa amandla akhe, ukuzinikela, amandla kunye nobudlova Russia litshintshile kakhulu, waba ngamandla amakhulu. Ixesha of Peter 1 batshintsha ubuso karhulumente kangangeenkulungwane. Kwaye waseka sixeko saba likomkhulu bukhosi iminyaka 300. Ke kaloku St. Petersburg - enye zixeko zihle eRashiya ngokuzingca ebizwa ngegama layo imbeko umsunguli enkulu.