UBill Clinton (uBill Clinton): ezopolitiko, i-biography, i-scandal

Ngolwazi oluninzi, uMongameli waseMelika uBill Clinton akahambelananga nomgaqo-nkqubo wakhe wangaphandle okanye ukuguqulwa kwakhe, kodwa ngohlaselo olwenziwe ngo-1996 ngesiseko sobuqhophololo. Ihlabathi lonke elinomkhonto ogwebileyo lixubusha impawu yendlela yokwenziwa komzimba yesigqeba sikhulu seburhulumenteni, kwaye "iqhawe" lelo limele liphendule ngesityholo sesinyithi. Ngoku sele kudlulileyo iminyaka engamashumi amabini, ixesha lifikile ukunika uvavanyo olujoliswe ngakumbi kuluntu "lwe-Arkansas saxophonist", njengoko umongameli wayebizwa ngokuba ngumlutha wokudlala kwesi sixhobo somoya.

Ngubani uWilliam Jefferson Blyth Okwesithathu

Ukuba ubumba ubuncinci, akusiYilwayo yonke, kodwa uWilliam. Ngaphandle koko, uJefferson. Yaye kungekhona nje uJefferson, kodwa okwesithathu. Kwaye igama lefani lihlukile, uBlythe. Kwakuphantsi kwegama elinjalo elipheleleyo lokuba umntwana wabonakala ngo-1946, ngo-Agasti 19, owaba nguMongameli we-42 we-United States. Kwaye ayikho kwimicimbi yemfihlo, akayitshintshanga loo mzi, akayi kutshintsha igama lakhe, kodwa waba nguyise kaBill, egcwele igama lakhe, okwesibini, wabulala engozini yemoto kungekudala ngaphambi kokuzalwa kwonyana wakhe, Izixhobo. Ngoko, watshata ezine, waphawula yonke imfazwe, iYiputa kunye neItali, kwaye ukufa kwaye kwambetha ngexesha lokuthula nakwindawo yakubo.

Utatomkhulu, ugogo, umama, umzalwana kunye noyise

Le nkwenkwe yakhuliswa nguyise nomkhulu, abantu bayamangalisa, bancedisi bokulingana kunye nabachasene nokucwasana ngokobuhlanga. Ngelo xesha, eMzantsi, abantu abamnyama bathenga, badla, bahamba baze baya kwindlu yangasese kuphela apho kwakukho imiqondiso "Yimnyama kuphela," kunye nesitolo esitolo uCassidy wakhonza wonke umntu owafika. Umama, waseVirginia, okwangoku, wayefunda eShreveport (eLouisana). Ngowe-1950, watshata kwakhona, kwaye kungekudala wathatha unyana wesibini, uRoger. Ebudeni beminyaka elinesihlanu, uBill, ukuvavanya indima yomntwana wesibini ebomini bakhe, wathatha igama lakhe. Intsapho yahlala e dolophu yaseHot Springs (Arkansas).

Ukufunda "kwi-cheek high", uBill Clinton wayemthanda i-jazz, wabutha i-jazz band, umculi wakhe oyintandokazi nguGeors Gershwin. Wafunda kakuhle, ngoko ke ngohlobo lwe-1963 waba nenxaxheba kwintlanganiso yabameli abancinci bentsha kunye nomongameli wase-United States uJF Kennedy, kwaye wadibanisa isandla sakhe.

ZeYunivesithi

Imfundo eqhubekayo yayingenangxaki, nangona amagama eenyuvesi ezithatha indawo, athetha ngomnqweno wakhe wokujoyina isiseko: Oxford, Yale, Georgetown. Ukungabikho kwemali kwakuthintele umntakwabo ongeyomntwana ukuba angaphuze, imali engenayo yentsapho yawa, kwaye loo mfana wayenokuzimela kuphela. Wafumana u-scholarship njengomfundi ophakamileyo, njengomfundi ohloniphekileyo, kwaye wasebenza ngokufanayo kwiindawo ezintathu. Kodwa ulutsha lunamandla, kwaye, nangona umthwalo wesihogo, uBill Clinton wathola ixesha lobomi bakhe. EYale, wadibana noHillary Rodham, kwaye emva kweminyaka emibili yentlanganiso, abantu abatsha batshata (1975).

Umsebenzi wabafundi abaphumelele kakuhle, ngokukhawuleza emva kokugqweswa, wafumana isikhundla sokufundisa kwiYunivesithi yaseFayetteville, kodwa intlanganiso endala kunye noKennedy wammisela umsebenzi wezopolitiko, kwaye akukho nto enye enye into eyayinokuyiphupha.

Indlela yolawulo

Ebudeni beminyaka engama-28 (1974) uBill Clinton wakhetha ukukhethwa kwintlanganiso e-Arkansas, akazange aphumelele, kodwa akazange awele emoyeni. Ukutshatyalaliswa kungasetyenziselwa ukuphumeza ikusasa elizayo. Kwakukho ukunxibelelana kunye nabaqhelana nabo, amava omzabalazo wezopolitiko, kwaye uhlala ethanda ukrakra. Ngomnyaka we-1976, uMphathiswa omncinci wezoBulungisa wavela e-Arkansas , ngoko uMmeli-Jikelele we-Attorney General, ngo-1978, kunye negosa elincinci. Bakuba nguBill Clinton, kwaye wayeneminyaka engama-32 ubudala.

Impumelelo yeGavana uClinton

Wabamba le post iminyaka eyi-11, kwaye ibhodi yayiphumelele ngokubanzi. Ingeniso kwingxowa-mali yanda, imfundo yaba lula kakhulu. Umfazi kaBill Clinton kaHillary wancedisa umyeni wakhe, ngokujongana ngamandla nemicimbi yentsapho kunye namalungelo abantwana. Bobabini babalulekile "kwindoda yokuqala" yombuso, kunye ne-rhu runeli, ngo-1980 babe nentombi, i-Chelsea.

I-Arkansas ithathe indawo ehamba phambili kwisixa semali nganye yesabelo semfundo. Ukubaluleka kwemfundo esemgangathweni kuClinton uye waba yinto ekhuselekileyo, wayezibandakanya ngokuthe ngolu hlobo njengarhuluneli wurhulumente, kwaye ke, ekufumaneni iziphumo ezilungileyo kwaye waba ngusihlalo weMbutho wabaBurhulumente (1986), waqala ukuphakamisa iingcamango zakhe kwinqanaba lika-federal.

Ngelo xesha, kwakukho nokwehluleka, apho umntu angayichazela khona intembelelo yendima ebalulekileyo yabavoti. Umzantsi waseMelika uyanamathela kwisiqonga seRiphabliki, kwaye isikhundla samaDemokhrasi apha sihlukile. Ukuxhaswa ngokwaneleyo kweengcamango zengqungquthela kuhlawulwa yindlela yokwenza isisombululo yokuxazulula imiba emininzi yimiba yezopolitiko. Le "hybrid" yayibizwa ngokuba "ngentando yesininzi". Kodwa nangona ulungelelaniso oluphezulu aluzange lusindise uClinton kwi-conservatism yabemi base-Arkansas, abasebenzi kunye neklasi eliphakathi babengafuni ukuvota inxaxheba yentando yesininzi. Kwakunomsebenzi omningi owenziweyo.

KwiNdlu eNtshonalanga!

Ngo-1991, uClinton wagqiba ekubeni aphumelele kuMongameli wase-United States. Ukubheja kwenziwe ngokunyuka koqoqosho, kubangelwa ngulawulo lukaGeorge W. Bush omkhulu. Izinto azizange zihambe kakuhle, eqinisweni, ukungaqeshwa kwemisebenzi kwanda, ukunyuka kwamaxabiso, ityala langaphandle kunye nokulahleka kwetyala-mali. Kodwa amaRiphabliki ayenempahla enzulu: umsebenzi osebenzayo wempi e-Kuwait, obizwa ngokuba yi "Storm in the Desert," kwaye unokwenzeka ukuba ulungelelanise iziphumo eziphambili zeemeko ezineemeko ezahlukeneyo.

Ukongeza, abakhuphiswano bafunda ukuba uBill oneminyaka emininzi wayenethuba lokuba "amanqaku athile." Le nyaniso yayingavunywanga ngumenzi wesicelo ngokwakhe, ichaza indlela awayeyisebenzisa ngayo inambuzane enomdla wakhe, kodwa ke, kunye ne-caveat engayithandi imiphumo kwaye ngokukhawuleza waphonsa le ntsipho.

Ngokubanzi, impumelelo yolu lonyulo yayingaphantsi kombuzo omkhulu.

Uncedo luvela kuRoss Perot, umviwa ozimeleyo, uBill Clinton no-Albert Gore, abaphumelele ukuphinda impumelelo kaJohn F. Kennedy, owawunqoba amaRiphabhulikhi "kwintsimi yabo", e-Southern states.

Emva kokuvulwa kukaBill Clinton, umongameli wase-United States wanikela intetho apho echaze isikhundla sakhe kwiinguqu ezizayo kunye noxanduva lwezopolitiko kwilizwe lakhe. Phakathi kwezinto eziphambili kwizinto zokulwa nokungasebenzi, ukuguqulwa kwenkqubo yokunakekelwa kwempilo kunye nokunciphisa uxinzelelo lwerhafu ngokuphathelele kumgangatho ophakathi, isiseko sentlalo.

Ukungaphumeleli

Xa kwakhiwa iqela, kwakukho ukungabikho kwamava, kunye nazo zonke iziphoso ezenziwa nguBill Clinton. Umgaqo-nkqubo wolawulo lwakhe uye wabhekana nokuhluleka okubalulekileyo, okuquka ukuwa kweenguqulelo zangaphambili zokupapashwa kwee-inshorensi. Wayebandakanyeka kuHillary, umfazi kaBill Clinton, owayengenayo iziqinisekiso eziyimfuneko kule ntsimi. Inzame yokufumana abafana nabasini nabangqingili abangabonakali ukuqhelaniswa kwabo ngokungaqhelekanga kuye kwaxakeka. Amaqela asePentagon awachasene nokukhululeka kobudlelwane obusemthethweni. I-ndee ye-Zoe, iprotege kaClinton njengomtshutshisi-jikelele, ngokwakhe waba ngumntu olwaphulo-mthetho, okhuselekileyo werhafu.

Imicimbi Yangaphandle

Umgaqo-nkqubo wangaphandle weBill Clinton wawucetyiswa ngongoma ophezulu wokulawula kwe-US kulo lonke ihlabathi eliye lafumana ubukhokeli beli lizwe emva kokuwa kweenkqubo zesininzi. Nangona kungabikho ukuchasana ngokukrakra okuvela kwinto yangaphambili "ubukhosi obubi", umkhosi waseMerika, usebenze ngegunya le-UN, ulungele ukungabikho kwimpikiswano nabavukeli baseSomalia. IVatican iyachasene neprojekthi yokunciphisa izinga lokuzalwa, apho i-United States yabenza khona.

Ngelo xesha, inhlanhla yenzekile. Indima ebalulekileyo yeUnited States yayithandabuzwa ngamazwe akhulayo, ngakumbi emva kokubonakalisa "ukubetha" kweYugoslavia kunye nokudalwa kwelizwe elizimeleyo laseKosovo. I-NATO ihambe ngokusasa empumalanga, ihamba neembambano eziqhubekayo zaseRussia yaseYeltsin, ngamanye amaxesha zingenazo. Ngelo xesha, inani lempi yezempi, apho umkhosi waseMerika uthatha inxaxheba, wancipha.

Injongo kukukhula kwamandla eMelika

Nangona ukwandiswa okwenziwa ngamandla kwe-US, iBN. Yeltsin wachaza ngokuphindaphindiweyo "abahlobo" bakhe - uHelmut Kohl kwaye, ngokuqinisekileyo, uBill Clinton. Iifoto kunye nevidiyo, apho uMongameli waseRashiya uqhuba i-orchestra, ngoko udlala iingoma, ke into ehlekisayo kumlingane waseMerika, rhoqo epapashwa yizo zonke iziteshi zendaba ngeli xesha elingavamile. Amandla ase-US agqityiwe kwiindleko eziphantsi, kwi-90s ibhajethi yemali yancitshiswa, eyayikhulula imali kwiinkqubo zentlalo. Isantya sokungabikho kwemisebenzi siye sawa, uphando luye lwaqhutywa ngokusisigxina, kwinkalo yetheknoloji yolwazi iJapan iye yaxhaswa kwindawo yesibini ehlabathini, kwaye amazwe anobundlobongela ayanqotshwa okanye ahambelana nemigaqo-nkqubo yomhlobo. Iimbambano ezindala zaphela, ezitsha zazingabonwanga.

Unyulo olutsha

Umthetho osaYilwayo wezopolitiko uClinton wathanda amaMerika kwaye wenziwa kwiminqweno kazwelonke yodwa yongamandla kuloo xesha. I-Russia kunye neChina zazingenakucingelwa, iYurophu yahamba ngokunyanisekileyo kwi-fairway eyabekwa yi-White House, kwakungenakwenzeka ukuba ingacingi ngamanye amazwe.

Unyulo luka-1996 ukususela ekuqaleni aluzange lubangele ukungathandabuzeki malunga nokuba ngubani oza kuphumelela. UBill Clinton, owakhe udidi lwezobunjwa ngokwalo luqulethe i-Great American Dream, wabhenela abavoti, kunye nomfanekiso wakhe jikelele. Nangona kunjalo, kwenzeka okuthile okwakubungqinela imeko enjalo kwaye ilungeleke.

Isiganeko sikaMonica

Umqeqeshi omncinci, onamandla kwaye ongeyena mhle wenza iingxaki apho abameli beDemocratic Party kunye noBill Clinton ngokwakhe babengakulungele. Ukukhwabanisa kwaphazamiseka ngokukhawuleza, kwaye ngokumangalisa ngakumbi kwindlela abantu abasabela kuyo. Isizathu sokuqalisa inkqubo yokususa umongameli kumandla kwakungekho ukukrexeza, kodwa into yokuba umntu wokuqala welizwe uxoxe ngexesha lokuvalelwa kweenkundla, ukukhanyela ukuziphatha kwakhe kakubi. Ibali laqhubeka ngexesha leenkqubo zokusetyenziswa kwesinye u-Pauline Jones, owatsholwa ngumongameli ukuba, ngelixa eyiseburhuluneli, wamkhathaza (ngokuqinisekileyo, ngesondo).

Kamva kwavela ukuba uMonica Lewinsky noBill Clinton babesondelene, ukususela ngo-1995, iminyaka emibini. Ubudlelwane bebuhlobo obunzulu. Umqeqeshi wanikezelwa ngobungqina bempahla yakhe apho "waqhubeka enomdla," kuquka nezambatho zakhe zangaphantsi, apho wafumana igama lesiteketiso "elingcolileyo." Iinkcukacha zazingenwa ixesha elide, kwaye ibali lomtshato ngokwawo linomdla okwangoku ngoku.

Uluntu lwaluyinyaniso yokuba uMonica Lewinsky noBill Clinton bahlala bezinikezela ngezikhumbuzo, nangona kunjalo, bengabizi.

Iziphumo zesikhalazo

IClinton iphikisiwe ixesha elide, kodwa phantsi kwengcinezelo yeenyaniso ezingenakunyanikiweyo, kubandakanywa neemviwo ze-DNA, ekugqibeleni, "ukwahlukana". Emva koko waxolisa esidlangalaleni kumkakhe kunye nabo bonke abantu baseMerika. Ukususela kwimpazamo, wayegcinwe ngumbutho ophumelelayo wezopolitiko, kuba kwakungekho iivoti ezaneleyo.

ULeinsky emva kwexesha elide wayinqoba imiphumo yengcinezelo yengqondo, waze waxolisa "kuyo yonke le mbali," engamthinteli, kunye neenaliti zokudibanisa, ukubhala nokushicilela incwadi yokuzimela. Ewe, ibhizinisi, kwaye akukho nto.

Ukuba, kwiClinton, umzamo wokususa kumandla uphele kunempumelelo ngempumelelo, ukuba kungenakucingela iziganeko ezingathandekiyo kodwa ezibekezelayo, iDemocratic Party ilahlekelwe yintlawulo ebonakalayo. Kwiqonga layo, isondo lokwabelana ngesondo lasebenza ngokukhawuleza, kwaye kwakungekho mfuneko ukuba nethemba lokuba umongameli olandelayo waseMerika uza kuphuma. Kwaye kwenzeka, okhethweni olulandelayo, uBush, Jr., waseRephabliki, uzuze.

Ubomi ngaphandle kweNdlu ye-White House

UHillary Clinton, ngelixa iqhutywe inkqubo, iziphatha ngokuhlonipha, ixhasa umyeni wayo. Kwimali-mboleko yakhe, kufuneka kuphawulwe ukuba wabona kuqala umntu ojongene nokuphela kwelizwe, ukubeka iminqweno yemo ngaphezu kweemvakalelo zomntu, okwakubangel 'umonakalo umphefumlo womfazi okhohlisayo.

Ulawulo lukaMongameli lukaClinton lwaphela ngo-2001, kodwa ubomi bakhe buyaqhubeka, kwaye buzele iziganeko, ezimnandi kwaye kungekho kakhulu. Ayaziwa ukuba uncedo lwakhe luye lwachaphazela ukuthini uloyiso luka-Obama, kodwa bekunjalo. Umongameli wangaphambili wabancedisa amaHaiti achaphazelekayo nyikima.

Ngonyaka ka-2010, wafumana unyango ngokwenza intliziyo echukumisayo. Emva koko, uBill watshata intombi yase-Chelsea.

E-Kosovo wanikwa isikhumbuzo. Inhlonipho inokuthandabuza, kodwa akusiyo wonke umntu omele ulindele ebomini ...