Chingiz Aitmatov: engobomi, ubuchule, usapho

Chingiz Torekulovich Aytmatov - umbhali, ukwenza incwadi yakho ngeelwimi ezimbini: Russian kunye Kyrgyz. Kodwa ke imisebenzi abafundi bayo ehlabathini lonke, njengoko ziguqulelwa ngeelwimi ezingaphezu kwekhulu.

Lo mbhali waya ezantsi kwimbali iincwadi Russian ngaphezu kwesiqingatha senkulungwane eyadlulayo, xa omnye misebenzi enengqiqo iincwadi eSoviet yashicilelwa - ibali "Jamila". kamva yaguqulelwa kwezinye iilwimi. Kukhuselekile ukuba bathi xesha abanamakhono ababhali Soviet ophela ngoJuni 10, 2008, xa ubomi iphelile Chingiz Aitmatov. Biography umbhali brilliant - umxholo weli nqaku.

Unyana Communist zinganakwa

Wazalwa ngo-1928 e Kyrgyzstan, kwindawo ezikude zasemaphandleni. Abazali Aitmatov kaThixo ekule isizukulwana yokuqala amaKomanisi, esele phantsi ingcinezelo kwi banesifo emva kwexesha. SokuBamba sele wasinda waza uyise zombhali. Kamva, xa inoveli yakhe yokuqala, iya kubonisa ezi nguqu Chingiz Aitmatov.

Biography of lo mntu iyamangalisa. Kumashumi eminyaka kamva, nokuba Aitmatov na akholelwa ukuba ukuze ube umfana elinesine, akwazi ukwenza imisebenzi uNobhala ailsoveta nokusombulula imibuzo malunga kwiinkalo ezahlukahlukeneyo zobomi yasemaphandleni. Ekuqaleni kwemfazwe, umbhali elizayo akwazi ukugqiba iiklasi ezisixhenxe kuphela. Ke bonke abantu baya ngaphambili. Kule mizi abafazi kunye nabantwana kwafuneka akhule ngokukhawuleza kakhulu.

bempilo Kyrgyz

Umgaqo-nkqubo wezenkcubeko yethuba eSoviet izixhobo elilawulayo wanikwa ulwalathiso inkxaso nophuhliso yobuciko yesizwe. Akumangalisi, le nkqubo iyakwazi ukuchonga ababhali abanetalente abamagama abo kwaziwa ngaphandle lizwe omkhulu. Elinye la magama - Chingiz Aitmatov. Biography of umntu owazalwa kwidolophana Kyrgyz kwaye unyana mbanjwa 1938 ngumKomanisi, ayikwazanga sonwabe. Ekubeni isiphelo esinjalo nzima nje ukuba ngumbhali enkulu, kodwa ufumana imfundo esisiseko. Kodwa kweli nqaku siza sithetha bempilo kuzwelonke langoku. Abantu abanjalo bazalwa kanye kwiminyaka elikhulu.

themes jikelele

Kuthiwa oko kuphela a ngumbhali ovunyiweyo Chingiz Aitmatov. ngobomi bakhe - oko ucula iziganeko ezibuhlungu kwimbali Soviet. Kwaye ngenxa incwadi ngaye, enikelwe kwimixholo jikelele. They are close hayi kuphela abemi Kyrgyzstan, yaye mabangapheleli nje kuphela kwezo abahlala kummandla elalisakuba yiSoviet Union. Imisebenzi ngalo umbhali abakwaziyo ukungena kulo umphefumlo wonke umntu, kungakhathaliseki ukuba ngabaluphi na uhlanga.

Umbhali Kyrgyz kunye iprozi Russian

Nobuchule Chingiz Aitmatov bahlangene ngokumangalisayo kunye imisebenzi ababhali Russian ezifana Valentin Rasputin kunye uViktor Astafjevs. Xa iincwadi ezi ababhali baphawula iimpawu ezifanayo zilandelayo: Ukwanda, izikweko, ukungabi amathemba yobusoshiyali. Yaye kubonakala engaqhelekanga ukuba ibali kunokuba ophambene "I-White Ship" yaqukwa kwi kwikharityhulam yesikolo sele yoma.

Uyise yombhali; njengokuba kuthiwe, ungumsebenzi party Kyrgyz abadumileyo, zinganakwa ngo-1938. A Akumangalisi ingakumbi kuba kubonakala ubomi babehlala Chingiz Aitmatov. Biography kanye umsebenzi lo mntu kwasekwa ngamaxesha anzima, kodwa nangona oko, sele ngo-1952 waqala ukuzivakalisa imisebenzi yakhe yokuqala kweli lizwe.

"Jamila"

Emva kokuba Institute Agricultural, wasebenza iminyaka emithathu njengoko ingcali imfuyo esiphambili Research Institute of Animal ukulima umhlaba. Kwaye ke kukho iikhosi iincwadi eliphezulu kwi-Institute. Gorky. Kwaye emva kokuphumelela kwabo wakwazi ukupapasha umsebenzi wakhe wokuqala adumileyo Chingiz Aitmatov. Iifoto ophambili kwi movie, ezifotwe phezu inoveli umbhali Kyrgyz, ingabonwa kweli nqaku. Oku ngale mveliso "Jamila". Eli bali wadalwa ezindongeni ehostele kwi Abakwenzayo Boulevard. Kuye ube njengebhakana kubomi Chingiz Aitmatov, njengoko wamngenisa kuye udumo kuphela ekhaya kodwa phesheya. Le ncwadi iguqulelwe kuzo zonke iilwimi zaseYurophu, kwaye ezishelfini of izithengisayo e Paris, wabonakala ngenxa umsebenzi Lui Aragona.

"Jamila" - ibali ibhinqa eliselula xa uqala kuqala, ihlangana ngobunye kwiimbono Soviet. Aitmatov Heroine waphula kunye elidlulileyo izinyanya ukuze ukuqala ubomi obutsha eliqaqambileyo. Noko ke, le ncwadi libali buhlungu kakhulu nothando. Kukwanjalo ke malunga nomsebenzi "yemingcunube wam isikhafu ebomvu."

Yaba ibali ngqo ngakumbi "UMfundisi Kuqala", apho kwiintlungu ubundlobongela amadoda kuboniswe Chingiz Aitmatov. Iifoto elimisiweyo movie efanayo Andrei Mikhalkov-Konchalovsky ithiwe thaca apha ngasezantsi. Name umbhali Kyrgyz waduma kwilizwe lonke, xa lalingekafiki mane.

"Kamama Field"

Ngowe-1963 wapapasha elinye ibali entliziyweni malunga bayahlelwa unina lowo amadodana abo. Umbhali Chingiz Aitmatov wayesazi ukuba ubomi nzima yabafazi ngexesha lemfazwe. Ngapha koko, uYesu wayesazi ukuba iingxaki zobomi yasemaphandleni wazibonela. Kodwa xa ufunda ibali "uMama kaThixo Field" nangoku kubonakala ayimangalisi into yokuba uye wadala umntu. Ngokuthembekileyo ezizodwa nobukrakra yena udlulisela iingcamango umfazi, ogama oonyana akazange abuye ukusuka ngaphambili. Kulo msebenzi, akukho bokubanga wobuzwe. Ayikho malunga usindiso olukhulu, kodwa intlungu yendoda kancinane - ngumfazi ifumana amandla kuphela eluthandweni lwakhe. Naxa ofayo umyeni oonyana abathathu, oko wakhe imfudumalo intliziyo nokuthantamisa umntwana yomnye umntu.

kakhulu iprozi

Yintoni sele eyaziwayo indoda egama Chingiz Aitmatov? Biography, usapho, ubomi ngayo umntu kuhlangene ukuba umsebenzi wakhe wokubhala. Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba umbhali ubutyebi adumileyo ihlabathi lona ezifunyenwe. Emva kokufa indlu wasala, apho eyona nto ezixabisekileyo - umsebenzi wokubhala kunye nokunikezelwa Aitmatov. Zonke umbhali engenile imali kwimfundo yabantwana babo. Umbhali Chingiz Aitmatov, engobomi zigazi ngokuqinisekileyo kubonisiwe iincwadi zakhe, ngaba isimo sengqondo bakhathazeka kakhulu kumaxabiso usapho. Kwaye lo mbuzo nzima emva kokufunda imisebenzi wamngenisa kuye udumo ehlabathini lonke.

Waya iprozi mkhulu elide kakhulu. I inoveli yokuqala enkulu ngokwenene yaba imveliso "Imini Lihlala Nje Iminyaka Elikhulu". Le ncwadi osuka lwapapashwa ngo-1980. Kukuba ngothando nokubandezeleka, ulonwabo kunye neentlungu. Xa inoveli, umbhali liye lafikelela kwabeyisayo lokwenyaniso. Emva kokubhala le ncwadi Aitmatov yaba unelungelo ngokuba intanda mihla. Amava abalinganiswa bakhe umbhali yenoveli "Imini Lihlala Nje Iminyaka Elikhulu" abapase ukuchana enjalo kunye neentlungu ngokunyanisekileyo, kubonakala ngathi, wayesazi ukuba uziva umntu ogula kubekho ulawulo yileyo kwaye akhethe ukufa yokuphelisa kunye nenkosikazi yakhe kunye nabantwana.

iprozi enkondlo

Ngexesha lomculo sakhulula inoveli yokuqala, emva Aitmatov yayisele yapapashwa imisebenzi ezifana "I-White Ship", "Dog edyojiweyo usebenza kwi Edge koLwandle" njalo njalo. D. Kwaye, nangona lo mbhali sebenzisa ukuba aqwalaselwa elinye abameli ngokoqobo yobusoshiyali, kwincwadi yakhe ethi, kukho izibongo engaqhelekanga. Baye bakha ngocoselelo umbhalo kwaye inazo naziphi na imisebenzi ideology ukuba wadala Chingiz Aitmatov.

Biography, isishwankathelo yayo kuchaziwe kwinqaku igquma kuphela owona mdlalo wosuku. Kusenokwenzeka kubonakale ukuba umsebenzi zombhali yaba lula kakhulu. Noko ke, elahlekisayo, ngenxa yokuba ngamnye imisebenzi yabo Aitmatov yaba indlela ende esibuhlungu.

ethengwa Soviet

Lo msebenzi ubalulekileyo Aitmatov baba yapapashwa ngowe-1986 "itheko." Kule ncwadi, umbhali wathetha okokuqala ukuba wokuqala kwisifundo ivaliwe: ngokholo, mkhuba kanye ugonyamelo, nto leyo sele wayeka ukuba sekufika abantu. Emva kokupapashwa lo msebenzi phantse phakathi koothixo zoncwadi eyaqhotyoshelwa Chingiz Torekulovich Aytmatov.

biography olufutshane umbhali iquka impumelelo ngokukhawuleza le ncwadi, apho kwanikelwa endaweni emigceni ixesha elide. "Block kugawulwa 'udlule isandla ngesandla. Ukuba uthethe ngayo yonke indawo. Incwadi Aitmatov kaThixo waba ethengwa.

Akukho namnye umsebenzi elandelayo lo mbhali akazange abe nempumelelo efanayo. Kwaye akukho ukuba zazimbi, yaye iinguqu ezibalulekileyo eziye zenzeka eluntwini. abafundi yokuqala 'Plachý "kwakukho abameli lama ephumayo apho zincwadi yayinamacala ekhethekileyo. Imisebenzi elandelayo akukho baye impumelelo ngomgama. Kwaye kunokuba iintetho malunga ubuhlwempu yokomoya abantu namhlanje, nto leyo wamkela uncwadi ifowni phawu zokuzonwabisa.

Xa ixesha post-yiSoviet kumsebenzi Aitmatova zibandakanya imisebenzi efana "Brand UCassandra", "White Cloud Chingiz Hana", "kwi yaBantwana Kirghizia" "Xa entabeni kokuwa."

Ngowe-2006, kunye nombhali-nye nonke kumiselwa isiseko wesisa, ogama imisebenzi zijolise kuphuhliso kunye nokusasazwa ulwimi Russian kumazwe lalisakuba yiSoviet Union.

impilo Personal

Umfazi wakhe wokuqala, umbhali intombazana, owathi kamva waba kakuhle yayibafanele ugqirha Kyrgyzstan. Igama lakhe Kerez Shamshibaeva. Ngaphambi kokufa kwakhe, lo mfazi ukudlulisela oonyana bakhe, ukuba imbeko nentlonelo uyise. Abantwana usigcinile isithembiso inikwe unina. Aitmatov Noko ke, ngokutsho kubahlobo ubathandayo de ngemihla yokugqibela yobomi bakhe yokugxeka ngokwakhe zashiya Kerez. Umbhali amshiya omnye umfazi xa wayesele bade lodumo. Umfazi wesibini umbhali - Maria Urmatova, naye Aitmatov wazala intombi kunye nonyana.

inoveli unknown

Emva kokufa usapho zombhali wafumanisa i-ngqangi yakhe ofisi, apho ngaphambili wayengazi. Le noveli lunikezelwa iziganeko kokwakhiwa Chu Canal. Umdlali oyinhloko - enye abakhi. intombi Aitmatov, wayebonisa ukuba apapashe lo msebenzi umbhali akabanga nabuganga, kuba akhululwa kakhulu ixesha layo. Kodwa izalamane Sinethemba lokuba kungekudala kuza kuba lula ukupapasha nesiguqulela kwezinye iilwimi.

Aitmatov kanye cinema

Baphenjelelwa umsebenzi lo mbhali iincwadi zasekhaya uyazi kakuhle. Yaba umbandela zokufunda kwisifundo namanqaku amaninzi. Kodwa oluqinile ngokulinganayo impembelelo yayo kwi cinema. Ngomhla imisebenzi Aitmatov yathathwa oluninzi iimovie. Eyona idumileyo:

• "Sondelani".
• "I Lokuqala Teacher".
• "Jamila".
• "KaMama Field".
• "I-White Ship".
• "Buran ayeke".
• "Uvalelisa, Gulsary!".

Ngo-2008, ukususela iseti, apho umsebenzi lwaqhutywa kwi umboniso kwi ngokusekelwe inoveli "Imini Lihlala Nje Iminyaka", umbhali esibhedlele. In Aitmatov wafunyanwa inyumoniya ebukhali. Kamva watshintshelwa kwesinye ekliniki waseLondon. Chingiz Aitmatov wafa eJamani, waza wangcwatyelwa kufuphi elikomkhulu Kyrgyz, kwi zembali-lenkumbulo complex "Ata-Beyit".

umsebenzi Aitmatov kaThixo yabalasela amabhaso ezininzi, kodwa mpumelelo yakhe olona uthando readers. Emngcwabeni ukuba iincwadi zakudala Russian kwaye Kyrgyz kwahlanganisana abantu abaninzi kangangokuba isihlwele phantse yaba yintlekele. NgoMeyi 2008, umbhali wayecebe ukuba ukubeka phambili ngenxa Nobel Prize. It ngebhadi akazange abe nexesha ukufumana Aitmatov.