I-tapir ... I-Tapir ephantsi

U-Pedro Martir, ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-16, wachaza i-tapir ngokuthi: "ubukhulu benkunzi yenkomo, eneendlovu zeendlovu kunye neentonga zehashe." Enyanisweni, lesi silwanyana simbonakalisa umxube omangalisayo: ngexesha elifanayo libukeka njengehagu, i-pony okanye i-rhinoceros ngesiqu njengendlovu, nangona ifutshane. Kule nqaku, siza kuthetha ngeenkcukacha ezithandayo malunga nelizilwanyana ezithakazelisayo, ezininzi kwiimeko ezivusa isisa.

Indawo

I-Tapir yintsholongwane yezilwanyana ezincinci zeqela elingaziwayo, elinikezelwe kwintsapho ye-tapirs. Ngolwimi lwesizwe esinye saseBrazil, igama lezi zilwanyana lithetha "inqatha", ehambelana ngqo nolusu.

I-Tapir isilwanyana esihlala kwimzantsi-mpuma ye-Asia neLatin America. Kulapho, izilwanyana zihlala ezihlahleni kunye namahlathi athambileyo kunye namanxweme kunye nemilambo. Iintlobo zanamhlanje ziyi-restnants of a group-once-wide group, apho indawo yayo isasazeka kwiNyakatho yeNtlabathi ngokupheleleyo. EmaMerika, aba bameli bezilwanyana ezingabonakaliyo bodwa bangabikho bodwa.

Kubonakala

Kule minyaka engama-30 yezigidi zokugqibela, ukubonakala kwefotir akutshintshanga kakhulu. Namhlanje i-tapir ithafa iyafana kakhulu nookhokho bakhe basendulo. Into efana nehashe, i-rhinoceros. I-tapir kwimilenze yemilenze (iminyango emithathu) kunye nemilenze yangaphambili (imilenze emine) iyalingana ngokulinganayo (iyafana neenkcukacha ezincinci). Kwiemilenze kukho iifowusi eziphantsi kwe-elbow joint, ezifana namahhashi e-chestnut. I-taper yaseMerika ine-mane encinane entanyeni yakhe. Umlomo ophezulu, ogqithiseleyo ngaphezu kwehashe, wolule kwi-proboscis. Izilwanyana zizalwe kwisambatho apho, ngokucacileyo, iinkokeli zezilwanyana ezahlukahlukeneyo zihambahamba ngeenxa zonke: amaqabana okukhanya aphakathi komsila ukuya entloko ecaleni lomnyama wesikhumba. Ngendlela efanayo, "iinyawo" nazo zenziwe peyinti.

I-tapirs zizilwanyana ezixutywe ngokubanzi kunye nomzimba osisigxina ohlanganiswe ngotshani, omfutshane, ngokuqhelekileyo unwele omnyama okanye obomvu. Ukuphakama kwendoda ebunayo kuphakathi kwemitha eyi-1.2 m, ubude - 1.8 m, kunye nesisindo sonke-ukuya kwi-275 kg. Umbhobho, kuquka neempumlo zepopir kunye nomlomo ophezulu, unwezelwa kwi-proboscis encinane ehambayo, esetyenziselwa ukunqumla amahlumela amancinane okanye amaqabunga. Amehlo amancinci, iindlebe ezijikelezileyo zinamathela emacaleni. Imilenze imfutshane, imilenze yezilonda imilenze emithathu, i-front isine-four-fingered, ngelixa umlenze uxolo kwiimeko zombini zidlula ngomnwe wesithathu, othatha umthwalo oyintloko. Umnwe ngamnye uphela ngeqhekeza elincinci. Umsila ufutshane, njengokungathi uhlulwe.

Lesi silwanyana esinamandla, emva koko sabizwa ngokuba yiZIL "iTapir" entsha. Ngendlela, imoto yafumana umbhobho onobuhle, ekhumbule ukubonakala kwezilwanyana.

Ukunikezelwa kwamandla

I-Tapir isilwanyana esondla amaqabunga amahlathi nezihlahla zezityalo. I-Tapirs idilika ngokugqibeleleyo, ibhukude, ingaba yinde kakhulu phantsi kwamanzi, kwaye xa kwenzeka ingozi, ihlala ifuna ukusindiswa kuyo.

I-Chasprachny Tapir isilwanyana esifihla ebusuku, sikhetha ukufihla emahlathini azinzileyo. Kukho ukufuduka kwangexesha lexesha - ngexesha lonyaka owomileyo livela kwiindawo eziphantsi komhlaba, ngeli xesha lezimvula - nakwiimimandla. Ngokomzekelo, eSomatra, izilwanyana zaziwa kwiindawo eziphakamileyo ukuya kwi-1500 m ezintabeni. Kwakhona, ukufuduka kunokunxulumana neemeko zefowder ezonakalisayo kunye nomlilo wehlathi; I-tapirs eThailand ngexesha lonyaka owomileyo ukusuka kwimithi enqabileyo ihambela emahlathini ahlala eluhlaza. Ngokunyuka, baqala ukudibanisa kwiintsimbi, bewa kunye nemimandla.

Ukuzaliswa

Ukubambisana kwee-tapirs kwenzeka unyaka wonke. Ukukhulelwa kuqhubeka malunga neentsuku ezingama-400, ngokuyininzi umntwana ozelweyo, kodwa kukho namawele. Kwizilwanyana zase-Amerika, iintsana ziyaziwa ngokuba khona kwamabala amhlophe kunye neengqimba zangexesha elide emzimbeni omnyama. Kwiinyanga ezili-6 ubudala, eli phethini liqala ukunyamalalala, ngomnyaka ofanayo umbala uba ngumntu omdala - i-monophonic. I-tapirs ihlala malunga neminyaka engama-30.

Kufuneka icaciswe ukuba kukho iintlobo ezi-3 zolu hlobo lwaseMelika, kodwa enye kuphela e-Asia. Inani le-tapirs yonke indawo lancitshiswa kakhulu ngenxa yokucima amahlathi phantsi komhlaba nokuzingela izilwanyana. Zonke iintlobo zikhuselekile kwaye, ngaphandle kweenxweme, zifakwe kwiNcwadi Ebomvu.

Plain Tapir

Iintlobo ezimnyama ezimnyama ezinemibala emhlophe esifubeni, entanyeni nasemqaleni. Le entlobo ihlala emahlathini eMzantsi Melika. I-tapir e-Plain ihamba ngokuhlwa. Ngomso baxoswa kwiindawo ezinqabileyo, ebusuku baya eyokufumana ukutya. Ezi zi lwanyana ziyazi ukuhamba kunye nokubhabha kakuhle. Ngokuqhelekileyo, baqaphele kwaye banokwesaba, xa kunokuba besengozini encinane, bayabaleka okanye bazama ukufihla emanzini.

Amagqabi amathafa, ukuba kunyanzelekile, ayaxhaswa ngoncedo lwamazinyo, enqamle umhlaseli. Ukuba abantu babini badibana, ngoko ukuziphatha kwabo ngokumalunga nomnye, njengomthetho, unobundlobongela. Bajonga indawo zabo ngomchamo, kunye nokunxibelelana nezihlobo, izandi ezahlukeneyo zokubhoboza zifana namacwecwe. Zondla kuphela kwizityalo, zikhetha iinxalenye zazo ezilula. Ukongeza kumaqabunga, badla iintso, i-algae, izithelo kunye namaqabunga. Iintshaba zee-tapirs ziquka iingwenya, iigagu kunye neengqungquthela.

Intaba yentaba

Lo ngummeli omncinci welo hlobo. Intaba yeTapir isilwanyana esitholakala emahlathini aseColombia nase-Ecuador. Ukusuka e-plafa ihluke iinwele ezimnyama ezinobunzima kunye nokungabi naso. Le ntlobo ngo-1824-1827. Ngexesha lophando lwee-Andes zaseColombia, izazinzulu zaseFrancis uJean Baptiste Boussingault kunye noDesiree Roulin bachazwe. Bayiqaphela ukuba isilwanyana esingaqhelekanga sineboya obude, njengobhere.

Iidonsa zentaba zihlala zodwa, zisebenza ebusuku, ezithe zatshatyalaliswa emasangweni amahlathi emini. Baye bahamba ngokukhawuleza abaye bayazi ukuhamba kunye nokubhukuda, ngaphezu koko, bazimisele kakhulu ukumba emdakeni. Kodwa kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ezi zizilwanyana ezinamahloni kakhulu, xa zisongelwa zihlala phantsi phantsi kwamanzi. Ezi tapirs nazo ziyi-herbivores. Bondla ngamasebe, amagqabi kunye nezinye iindawo zezityalo.

Chapper Tapir

I-Chapper Tapir ibonakala kwingxenyana yasempumalanga ye-Asia, ngokuchanekileyo, eThailand, kwicandelo elisempuma-mpuma yeBurma, kwi- peninsula yaseMalacca, ngaphezu koko, kwiziqithi ezikufutshane. Ingxenye yalo yangaphakathi yomzimba, kunye nemilenze yangeminyango, ibe nombala obomvu obomvu, kwaye umgangatho ophakathi (ukusuka emagxeni ukuya kwisiseko somsila) u-white-white, njengokungathi uhlanganiswe nepape (blanket). Lo ngumzekelo ocacileyo wolu hlobo olubizwa ngokuthi "ukudibanisa" umbala, owubeka ngokugqibeleleyo isilwanyana ngokukhanya kwenyanga ebusuku, xa umhlaba wonke wezityalo ungumzekelo omnyama nomhlophe oqhubekayo.

I-Chaprachny tapir iphinda idibanise kakuhle kwaye ibhukude, kodwa idibanisa emanzini, kwaye igxininise ngokupheleleyo, inokukrapha ephantsi kwelamachibi. Uhlala ehla emdakeni, ngaloo ndlela aphelise iintsholongwane ezinambuzane nezilwanyana.

Central American tapir

Le yinyama enkulu yombala omnyama onobumba obomnyama. Kwenzeka kwintsimi esuka eMexico ukuya ePanama. Kufana kakhulu nokubonakala kwintsapho yakhe eMzantsi Melika, nangona ihluke kubo kwiinkcukacha zesakhiwo.

Kwi-Central America iphepir, ukuphakama kwi-intanethi yi-120 cm, kwaye ubunzima buyi-300 kg, kwaye ubude bomzimba buyi-200 cm. Ngezikhombisi ezinjalo, kuthathwa njengokuba yinto nje enkulu ye-tapir ye-Ihlabathi elitsha, kwakhona lizilwanyana zasendle ezona zizilwanyana zasendle. Ifana nomngaphandle kwi-tapir egciniweyo, ngelixa, ngaphezu kwendawo yobukhulu obukhulu, inomgca omfutshane emva kwentloko.